This document discusses cloud computing and its potential applications and benefits for libraries. It begins with an introduction to cloud computing that defines it as enabling ubiquitous, convenient access to configurable computing resources. The document then covers cloud computing characteristics, models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), architecture, examples of current uses, and pros and cons. In particular, it explores how cloud computing could provide more efficient and flexible library services by reducing costs and increasing storage and mobility while allowing libraries to shift their focus from infrastructure maintenance. Real-world examples of academic libraries currently using cloud solutions are also presented.

1. Cloud Computing:
An Economic Solution for Libraries
Series Of Student Seminar - 2012
Amit Kumar Shaw
MS in Library & Information Science,
Student
Documentation Research and Training Centre
Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore

2. Agenda
Cloud Computing
 Introduction of Cloud Computing
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
 Models and Types of services of Cloud Computing
 Architecture of Cloud Computing
 Why Cloud Computing ?
 Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing
 Real World Examples

3. Poll
Do you use the cloud?
 Yes, all the time
 Yes, but I still don’t trust it for
my sensitive info
 No, I don’t trust it
 No, I don’t have a good
enough connection to rely on it
 Not Sure

4. Six Computing Paradigms
source: smart-cloud-computing.blogspot.com

5. What is Cloud Computing?

6. Definition - NIST
 Cloud computing is a model for enabling everywhere,
convenient, on-demand network.
 Configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, services, and applications)
 Rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
effort.

7. Characteristics
 On-demand self-service: The ability for an end user to sign up
and receive services without the long delays that have
characterized traditional IT.
 Broad network access: Ability to access the service via
standard platforms (desktop, laptop, mobile etc).
 Resource : Resources are access across multiple customers.
 Rapid elasticity: Capability can scale to cope with demand
peaks
 Measured service: Billing is metered and delivered as a utility
service.

8. On the basis of Usage
Public Cloud:
 Service providers offer their resources as services to general
public.
 No initial capital investment on infrastructure and shifting risk
 Lacks in control over data, network and security settings.

9. Private Cloud:
 Deployed inside the firewall and managed by the user
organization
 User organization owns the software and hardware running in
the cloud
 Resources typically not shared outside the organization
and full control is retained by the organization

10. Hybrid Cloud:
 It consists of both internal and external
providers which means both private
and public clouds.
 It may be organizations or universities,
but they share common concerns such
as their mission, policies, online
resources, security, regulatory
compliance needs, and so on.

11. Types of Service
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Software as a Service (SaaS)

12. Iaas-PaaS-SaaS
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS

14. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 The IaaS layer gives the user an brief view on the
hardware, which is computers, mass storage
systems, server, networks, etc.
 This is achieved by providing a user interface for the management
of a number of resources in the resource set sub-layer (RS).
 Physical resources using virtualization technologies such as
Xen, KVM, VMare.

15. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Organizatio
n
Cloud Service Description
Amazon
Amazon Elastic
Compute Cloud (EC2)
Provides users a special virtual
machine (AMI) that can be
deployed and run on the EC2
infrastructure
Amazon
Amazon Simple
Storage Solution (S3)
Provides users access to
dynamically scalable storage
resources
Dropbox Dropbox Cloud storage Mass storage

16. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Its not targeted to the end users, but rather to developers.
 These are the programming environments (PE) and executive
environments (EE) where the programmer written in a specific
programming language can be executed.
 Typical examples of programming environment are Java
Framework, Python, .NET, Ruby on Rails etc.

17. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Organization Cloud Service Description
Google Google App Engine
Platform to develop and run applications
on Google’s infrastructure
Microsoft Microsoft Azure
Online Operating System application
Facebook Facebook Platform
Environment for the applications in the
Facebook social network

18. Software as a Service (SaaS)
 It is directly address the end user.
 This model frees the customers from the need to install the
software locally as up – date done automatically.
 The SaaS offering can be developed and operated by the
provider on the basis of PaaS or IaaS offering

19. Software as a Service (SaaS)
Organization Cloud Service Description
Google Google Apps
Web-based office tools such as e-mail,
calendar and doc, spreadsheet, excel
management tools
Salesforce Salesforce.com
Full customer relationship management
(CRM) application
Microsoft Microsoft Live
Microsoft office application

20. Cloud Computing Architecture
Sources: Cloud computing: state-of-the-art and research challenges by Qi Zhang · Lu Cheng · Raouf Boutaba J Internet Serv Appl (2010)
1: 7–18, DOI 10.1007/s13174-010-0007-6

21. Why Cloud Computing
 Reduced Cost - Pay for What You Use
 Increase the Storage
 More Mobility
 Highly Automated
 Fast, Easy Implementation
 Accessible Support Staff
 Allows IT to Shift Focus

22. Pros and Cons
source:http://www.mariaspinola.com/cloud-computing/

23. Examples

24. Commercial Company

25. Major Cloud Computing Providers
Cloud Computing Provider Service
Akamai PaaS, SaaS
Amazon Web Services IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
EMC SaaS
Eucalyptus IaaS open source Software
Google PaaS (AppEngine), SaaS
IBM PaaS, SaaS
Lincode IaaS
Microsoft PaaS (Azure), SaaS
Rackspace IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
Salesforce.com PaaS, SaaS
VMware vCloud PaaS, IaaS

26. • AWS Summit 2012 | India
AWS Summit 2012 | India
Mumbai - September 25 | Chennai - September 28 | Bangalore - October 4

27. Examples
AWS in Action - President Obama's successful re-election campaign
• The 2012 US Presidential Election used AWS (Amazon S3 &
Amazon RDS) to avoid an IT investment .They built and ran more
than 200 applications on AWS, scaled to support millions of users.
One of these apps, the campaign call tool, supported 7,000
concurrent users and placed over two million calls on the last four
days of the campaign.
Source: http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2012/11/aws-in-action-behind-the-scenes-of-a-
presidential-campaign.html

28. Uses of Cloud Computing
Source: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research , Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012

29. -Cloud Computing for
Libraries

30. Agenda
 Library Services in Cloud
 Architecture
 Academic Cloud Computing
 SaaS Vs Hosting for Libraries
 Multi-tenancy
 Benefit of Cloud Computing for Libraries
 Real world examples of current library cloud solution
 Conclusion and Future Work

31. Poll
Do you think libraries
needs the cloud to provide
effective information to
the users?
 Yes
 No
 Not sure

32. Library services 1980’s
Source: http://www.oclc.org

33. 1990’s
Source: http://www.oclc.org

34. 2000’s
Source: http://www.oclc.org

35. Presently
Source: http://www.oclc.org

36. Library services in Cloud
Source: http://www.oclc.org

37. More efficient and flexible workflows
Source: http://www.oclc.org

38. Architecture of Cloud for Library
Source: 8th Convention PLANNER-2012,Cloud Computing for Libraries: A SWOT Analysis by Miteshkumar Pandya,
Sikkim University, Gangtok, March 01-03, 2012

39. Academic Cloud Computing
Source: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research , Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012
Cloud Computing for Academic Environment , Ajith Singh. N1, M. Hemalatha2

40. Services for the libraries
Platform Systems Examples
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
OpenURL resolver, Research
guides, Online reference, Server
Virtualization, Load Balance
Summon, OCLC – World
Cat, OSS lab, Liblime
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Integrated library system,
Interlibrary loan, Copyright,
Compliance systems
Polaris, Exlibris,
Facebook Platform
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
Discovery systems, Digital
repository, Archives management,
Websites, Digital storage,
Institutional repository
Amazon, Rackspace

41. SaaS vs. Hosting for Libraries: What’s
the Difference?
SaaS: The software vendor or other provider owns the application
(whether a discovery service, link resolver, ERM, or other) and
delivers it via the Internet.
Libraries have the ability to customize the application for their own
use via Web-based tools and an API.
Hosting Model: The provider runs the application on the library’s
behalf, on the provider’s hardware, but doesn’t take on the task of
maintaining the software. Upgrades and maintenance are up to the
library.

42. Multi-tenancy vs. Single-tenancy
• One of the key differences between SaaS and hosting
is the principle of tenancy .
• With multi -tenancy, there is only one copy of the
software running, which accesses only one copy of the
database (information). Since multiple libraries share
and access this one instance of the software.
• With Single- tenancy, each library maintains its own
copy of the software. Since each copy only serves one
library.

43. Multi - tenancy
Library A Library B Library C
source: http://www.serialssolutions.com/Lib VS cc

44. Locally Hosted Cloud
1 AC Room, 1server 1 AC Room, 30server
Fixed Cost (Hardware) Pay as per use
Initially Investment Initially No Investment
Manpower Manpower (Expert)
Server Problem, Connection Failed Connected to different Server
New Events (Online seasonal courses,
Conference) – purchase
New Events - subscribe
Custom programing, API and other tools Web base tools and API
Update- Monthly, Quarterly Update – Frequently , often daily
Single Tenancy Multi Tenancy
Eg: Gulab jamun

45. Libraries and Web-Scale
Source: http://www.oclc.org

46. Service Provider for Libraries

47. Nucsoft OSS Labs
 Provide world class training and IT support solutions for Open
Source Software (OSS).
 Operate under institutionalized and continually improved
processes as validated by our annual ISO 9001 certification.
 At this time, they are offer services and solutions for:
Koha Library System
Dspace Institutional Repository System
Moodle e-Learning Platform

48. OSS Labs
 OSS Labs works in Amazon's Elastic Cloud Computing (EC2)
Platform and Amazon Simple Storage Service (AS3).
 Links of OSS labs: http://www.osslabs.biz/
 Mysore University adopts Koha and upload there OPAC in the
Cloud the link is :http://libcat.mysore-univ.org/

49. Mysore University Library

50. Major Academic Libraries in India
 North East Hill University, Shillong
 University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
 Goa University, Panajim
 Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi
 Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai
 Bhavans Library, Mumbai
 Azim Premji University, Bangalore
 Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad
 Pearl Academy of Fashion, Delhi, Chennai and Jaipur

51. WorldCat Local
 It delivers one search box access to more than 969 million items
from your library and the world’s library collections.
 Resources from 40+ national catalogs and partners like Google
books, HathiTrust, JSTOR and OAIster®.
 One search provides instant access to your library’s materials -
digital objects, electronic materials, databases, e-journals, music,
videos, audio, e-books, maps, journals, theses and books.
Eg: INFLIBNET

52. Contents
WorldCat Local is the best way to get more than 969 million items
from the world’s libraries in front of your users as per June 2012:
 Digital content: 29 million items
 E-books: 13 million
 Databases: 1764
 Articles: 674 million
 Serials: 10 million
 IR content: 20 million items
 Evaluative content: 44 million items
 Books: 221 million
source: http://www.oclc.org/worldcatlocal/overview/content/default.htm

53. WorldCat Local
 A Powerful Library Application of Cloud Computing.
 It offers local searching, consortia searching, global searching,
federated searching and meta searching, all bundled in ONE
SEARCH, NOT separate search.
 There is no hardware for your library to purchase, no software
for your library to install, nor any computer system for your
library to operate.

54. http://www.callutheran.edu/iss/research/
source: http://www.oclc.org/worldcatlocal/

55. Shoie Yoshiue

56. What is JAIRO Cloud?
 The National Institute of Informatics (NII) has launched
JAIRO Cloud service to promote educational outcomes and
open access in Japanese universities and research institutions.
 The system is implemented based on WEKO, a repository
software developed by NII.
 The name “WEKO” comes from Swahili and means
“repository” in that language.
 Academic information search engine named CiNii

57. source: https://community.repo.nii.ac.jp/

58. “ Rs 1,000 crore plan to link 9,000 libraries in India
 Director of DELNET and NML member H K Kaul and Prime
Minister told. He was speaking on the eve of the three-day 15th
national convention on 'Knowledge, Library and Information
Networking'. Source: http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rs-1000-crore-plan-to-link-9000-
libraries-in-india/article4112216.ece
 In INDIAN Libraries, implementation of cloud computing is
started. But it can be proven beneficial due to its cost effectiveness
and effective service and thus can help to give new outlook to
Indian Libraries

59. Cloud Computing In India
 NASSCOM research report entitled “Deconstructing the Cloud:
The New Growth Frontier for Indian IT-BPO Sector”.
 Claimed by Big Commercial Companies (Amazon Web Services,
Microsoft Azure Platform and Google Cloud Services).
 The study reveals that, cloud computing is expected to have a
significant impact on the services industry, in terms of services
offered, delivery mechanisms and business models. The Indian
market for cloud computing is expected to grow in 2020.

60. Top 8 things to take away about cloud
computing in the library context
1. Understand what you are moving to the cloud
2. Understand local legal requirements (national/state,
institutional, etc.)
3. Understand the costs of moving to the cloud
4. Find a cloud provider you trust
5. Articulate your requirements clearly
6. Understand your SLA
7. Get a lawyer involved
8. Have an exit strategy

61. Conclusion

62. Resources in Cloud Computing
• Library Management Applications
• <http://www.librarything.com> – simple cataloging and social
discovery
• <http://www.liblime.com> – consulting and hosting for Koha open
sourceILS
• <http://www.oclc.org/webscale/> – full-featured cloud-based ILS
Bibliographic Management Applications
• <http://www.refworks.com/> – online citation management
• <http://www.endnote.com/enwebinfo.asp> – online citations
management
• <http://www.zotero.org/> – online citation management and social
discovery

63. • Office and Calendar Applications
• <http://docs.google.com/> – word-
processing, spreadsheets, presentations, and more
• <http://www.zoho.com/> – documents, project
management, accounting, and many more
Multimedia Editing Applications
• <http://www.wevideo.com> – simple online video editor
• <http://www.aviary.com> – vector and raster image
editors, audio editor in web and mobile
• <http://www.screenr.com> – cloud-based screencasting

64. Conclusion
• With the introduction of Cloud Computing to
university library, services of libraries will have a new
leap in the near future.
• Services provided by libraries will become more user-
centric, more professional and more effective, etc. We
can believe that libraries will create more knowledge
benefits and cost minimization strategies for our
country with the help of Cloud Computing.

65. Cloud Quotes
 The correct answer is “both”. I do not think by 2020 people will
want to give up the autonomy and control they get by having
software and data on their own device, but many of the service
that we will expect...will require the power of a cloud
supercomputer.
- by David D. Clark, American, Computer scientist
 The cloud will consist of a white part(trusted and checked
information), a grey part (question mark) and a black part(crap
information: untrusted, unchecked, violent, fraudulent).
by Marce Bullinga

66. Future Work
 Open stack software for clouds.
Website Links : http://www.openstack.org/
 AWS architecture
- how it can implement in Libraries.
Dissertation Guides:
• Dr. A. R. D. Prasad
• Dr. Saiful Amin
 Download Links:
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/96974844/DRTC_seminar.pptx

67. References
1. Baun Christian, Kunze Marcel, Nimis Jens and Tai Stefari (2011) . Cloud
Computing:Web- Based Dynamic IT Services (2nd ed.). London : Springer.
2. Sosinsky Barrie (2012) . Cloud Computing Bible . (1st ed.) . Delhi : Wiley India
Private Limited.
3. Goldner Matt (2010) . Winds of Change: Libraries and Cloud Computing. USA :
OCLC Online Computer Library Center 14(7)
http://www.oclc.org/multimedia/2011/files/IFLA-winds-of-change-paper.pdf
4. Velte Anthony T(2009). Cloud Computing: A Practical Approach.(1st ed.) . Delhi
: Tata Mcgraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd.
5. Saurabh Kumar (2011). Cloud Computing: Insights into New-Era Infrastructure.
Delhi : Wiley India Pvt Ltd.
6. Matthew B. Hoy (2012). Cloud Computing Basics for Librarians. Medical
Reference Services Quarterly, 31(1), 84-91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2012.641853.
7. University of Mysore (2012), University Library (Retrieved on 11.10.2012
http://libcat.mysore-univ.org/)

68. References
1) http://www.climatecentral.org/blogs/data-storm-what-to-do-with-all-this-
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(Accessed on 17/05/2012)
3) http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/lhc/Computing-en.html (Accessed on
18/05/2012)
4) http://www.jamesshuggins.com/h/tek1/how_big.htm (Accessed on
18/05/2012)
5) Ian Foster, Yong Zhao, Ioan Raicu, Shiyong Lu.Cloud Computing and Grid
Computing 360-Degree Compared
6) Sun Introduction to Cloud Computing Architecture (White paper)
7) http://www.eucalyptus.com/ (Accessed on 18/05/2012)
8) http://www.dsp-ip.com/ (Accessed on 18/05/2012)
9) Dura Cloud. Available at http://duracloud.org/ (Accessed on 17/05/2012)
10) Fox, R. Library in the clouds. OCLC Systems & Services, 2009, 25(3), 156-
161.

69. ANY QUESTIONS?
OR
ADVICE
OR
SUGGESTIONS
(PLEASE WELCOME)
Email: amitdrtc@gmail.com