6. • Ozone layer is a thin, fragile
shield that contains relatively high
concentrations of ozone.
• It shields the entire Earth from
much of the harmful UV radiation
that comes from the sun
7. • Damage in the ozone layer will
naturally mean the entry of harmful
rays in to the atmosphere.
• In the 1970s, the scientists
discovered that the ozone layer
is being depleted.
8.
9. • seasons
• weather conditions, and
• solar cycles
10.
11.
12. Ozone layer is being destroyed
by a group of manufactured
chemicals that are called ODS or
Ozone-Depleting Substances.
13. The main ODS are the following:
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC 11, CFC 12, CFC 13)
• Methyl bromide (CH3Br)
• Halons (halon-1211, halon-1301, halon-2402)
• Carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)
• Hydrochloroluorocarbons (HCFC 22 and HCFC
123)
14. The Principal Steps in Stratospheric Ozone
Depletion Caused by Humans
Emissions Accumulation Transportation
Chemical
Removal Conversion
Reaction
17. The effect of ozone depletion is
the increased UV-B radiation
reaching Earth’s surface.
Effects on Humans
• Sunburn
•Sun-damaged skin
•Cataracts
•Snow blindness
•Skin cancer
18. • Reduced effectiveness of
immune system
• Respiratory illness and heart
problems
19. Effects on the Environment
• Global warming
• Climate change
• Crop and forest damage
• Infections and skin diseases on animals
• Less ocean plankton
• Less fish harvest
20. Marine Terrestrial
Humans
Ecosystems Ecosystems
Air Quality Materials
22. When an ozone hole was discovered,
several countries unite to prevent the
continuous depletion of the ozone layer by
implementing policies and other preventive
measures.
• The Montreal Protocol on Substances
that Deplete the Ozone Layer
23. Philippines’ Laws and Policies
• Republic Act 6969 or the Toxic
Substances and Hazardous and
Nuclear Wastes Control Act.
• Republic Act 8749 or the
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
24. • Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act.
• Presidential Decree 1144
25. Davao City has also implemented
mitigating measures. The Local
Government implemented the Davao City
Ecological Solid Waste Management
Ordinance 2009 (Section 7, Article 5 of the
Ordinance 0361 series of 2010)
- that provides the use of recyclable,
biodegradable or reusable containers as
food and beverage parcels started 28 June
2012.
26.
27. Be
informed
Be Understand
reminded
Sustainable
development
Follow Know our
responsibilities
Educate
ourselves
Notas do Editor
Troposphere - It is found at the Earth’s surface. - Ozone in this area is “bad” because it dirties the air and helps make smog, which is unhealthful to breathe.- It is a layer miles above the Earth’s surface. - Ozone in this area is “good” because it absorbs some of the sun’s ultraviolet rays. - It is the region where the ozone layer is located.
but these are all part of a natural cycle where ozone is continually formed, destroyed and formed again.
ODS are very stable, nontoxic and environmentally safe in the lower atmosphere, which is why they became so popular in the first place. However, their very stability allows them to float up, intact, to the stratosphere. Once there, they are broken apart by the intense ultraviolet light, releasing chlorine and bromine.
The impact on marine ecosystems, especially on phytoplankton and larvae of higher organisms , are of particular concern. Damage in the food chain, 30 percent of the world’s animal protein comes from the sea Damage in the oceanic carbon cycle by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into oxygen. Reduced terrestrial plant productivityReduced food security and food quality Changes in microbial biodiversity with consequences for soil fertility and plant disease. Numerical models predict that future changes in UV radiation and climate will modify the trends and geographic distribution of hydroxyl radicals, thus affecting urban and regional photochemical smog formation, as well as the abundance of several greenhouse gases. The impacts of air pollution on human health and the environment will be directly influenced by future changes in climate, emissions of pollutants, and stratospheric ozone. Today's materials are somewhat protected from UVB by special additives. Therefore, any increase in solar UVB levels will therefore accelerate their breakdown, limiting the length of time for which they are useful outdoors.
Phils. Signed the protocol- Jan 1, 1989-agreed on 16 September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989
Republic Act 6969 or the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act. This Act mandates the regulation, restriction, or prohibition of the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health and the environment. paved way for the control and regulation of dioxins and furans releases to the air.
provides the requirements that contributes to the reduction of the emission of dioxins and furanscreated Fertilizer and Pesticides Authority an agency that mandates to regulate and monitor production, importation and use of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals in the country.