Does the Wireless Internet Need to be Interoperable
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Universal Service was the rule in delivering the Plain Old Telephone Service, but the Internet Interoperability is at the IP level. LTE is nothing like GSM with Interoperability and won't be. However, Wi-Fi is the only wireless technology that is interoperable being supported worldwide.
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Does the Wireless Internet Need to be Interoperable
- 1. Does the Wireless Internet Need to be Interoperable? Carl Ford cford@imhocorp.com 2393951770 imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 2. Outline: Old Rules of Universal Service connected at the Network Layer Compatibility of LTE devices across carriers? What is preventing compatibity of LTE devices being used across carriers? Wasn't LTE going to make us all GSM like? LTE vs HSPA+ Freedom to buy phones and chose the carrier Doesn't the Term Jail Break do a disservice to the Consumer? Outlook for voice services on LTE? The Internet is the model for Interoperability Does that mean Regulation? Can Carriers can be Closed Affinity Networks (Like Skype, Facebook etc,)? Can the Internet Still Win in the End? Is Access the Bottleneck or has it moved elsewhere? How can End to End IP be thwarted? Conclusion You can buy Facebook safely in 100 days You can short it in 89. imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 3. Old Rules of Universal Service connected at the Network Layer Then Now imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 4. History of the Universal Service • ATT President Theodore Vail – concept from his Post Office background “One Policy, One System, Universal Service” – Fierce Defense of the Patents • Forced out Competition in Major Cities • Flat Rate Strategy claimed as a Public Good • Codified – 1910 Interstate Commerce Commission – 1934 Telecommunications Act (start FCC) – 1996 Telecom Act (Separate / Separated) imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 5. POTS Last Mile Economics Rural Suburban Central Office Inter Office Interconnect Cloud Numerator 1 1 1 1 1 1 Denominator 1 2500 100 K 500 K 1M 10 M MONOPOLISTIC imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 6. Universal Service 2.0 InterNetwork Operability • 1969 ARPANET • 1982 TCP/IP is Standardized. • 1995 Competitive Internet Backbone Allowed • 1996 The Commercial Internet Starts • 2000 SIP becomes the 3GPP Future • 2003 Skype • 2011 PSTN Twilight becomes an Issue. imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 7. End to End - Economics INTERNET Rural Suburban Numerator 1 1 Denominator 1 2500 Bypasses the Switching Network Price is incremental to access imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 8. Wireless is Access Economics WIRELESS Rural Suburban Cells Numerator 1 1 1 Denominator 1 2500 50 2G / 3G Base Stations Return to POTS Typically supported by 2 T1s imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 9. GSMA Universal Service 3.0 • In 1982 the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) created the Groupe Spécial Mobile AKA GSM • In 1986 the European Commission proposed to reserve the 900 MHz spectrum band for GSM. • In 1989, the Groupe Spécial Mobile committee was transferred from CEPT to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Now 3GPPs – 80% of the global mobile market, – encompassing more than 5 billion people – across more than 212 countries and territories, • Macau decided to fade out GSM network in July 2012 imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 10. 2G / 3G Wireless History imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 11. LTE vs. HSPA LTE is the Faster, but it Requires more Capital HSPA is Easier, And it is easier for GSM Operators imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 12. Business Decisions HSPA biggest Advantage is that Shared Spectrum still drives it. LTE is being driven by proprietary deployments. imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 13. Rebuilding Capacity for Data • Requires 4 to 1 more density minimum • Carriers are building to order • Why does LTE have Compatiability Issues – Spectrum Licensing Changes the Model • No GSM shared Bandwidth designation – Interoperability is a Business Issue • Why build the phone for migration? • Technically can add to Battery life issues – We are heading to a keep cost model – Absent a direct cost compensation model imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 14. Ethernet Economics WIRELESS ETHERNET Rural Suburban Numerator 1 1 Denominator 1 2500 Typically this is a Third Party Service Speeds of 10/100 MB Often on Fiber imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 15. Changing Economics WIRELESS INTERNET ETHERNET Rural Suburban Numerator 1 1 Denominator 1 2500 COMPETITIVE imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 16. Content Ecomomics CDNs Data Centers, WIRELESS GSM IPX INTERNET ETHERNET Rural Suburban Numerator 1 1 Denominator 1 2500 COMPETITIVE imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 17. Outlook for voice services on LTE? • Voice over LTE would be the final transition for Everything over IP. • Existing voice Structure has embedded services that have not made the transition to VoIP – FAX, – Emergency Services, – Defacto Voice Quality • The Interconnection Points need internal economics. • Bottom Line it’s a 2013-15 Initiative for most and even then is subject to business issues. imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 18. And Do We Care 25 20 15 10 Wireless 18% Internet 57% 5 SmartPhone 25% 0 imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 19. This is not a Phone Call • Bits are our Economic Good • Transport is our Economic Service • Latency is our Service Delivery Time • All of this occurs via “fiber routes” • Where it Arrives at ports (datacenters) and final destinations (devices) imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 20. What’s the Difference Fiber Routes Shipping Routes imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 21. We are a Commodity Units of Measure Soybeans Kg Goods Bits Bytes(Kb) Shipping Time/Kg Service Bandwidth Bytes/Tim (IO) e (Gbps) Delivery Time Delivery Latency Time/Dela Time y (ms) imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 22. Network I/O imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 23. Data based - Economics • 1975=>Decentralized networking • 1985=>Decentralized Computing,the“PC” • 1995=>Internet • 2005=>Intercomputing, the“Cloud” • 2015=>Interdata Source Jason Hoffman CEO of Joyent imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 24. Why HTML5 is Important! • If over half of what we want to do is on the Web, why focus on the device? • HTML5’s suite eliminates a layer of middleware we get more direct Client (browser)/ Server (cloud) experiences. This is Data Virtualization – BigData; Hadoop, NoSQL – Node.js • Device optimization is still there but can be called out from HTML5. imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 25. PAN Ecomomics • The Cloud Bundles CDNs these elements Data Centers, GSM IPX • Ultimately It’s the WIRELESS Internet Bundled INTERNET into a Service • So What are the ETHERNET concerns? – Cloud and Device Bundles COMPETITIVE – Prioritization Schemes imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 26. Access is the Issue • Public Access Neutral Solutions – Not be based on Last Mile (Economic Development) – See Access separately – based on Competitive / Commodity models – Public Good services should be seen like any other application. – Traffic Prioritization is a competitive opportunity, not a bottleneck. • Device Folks just as likely to bundle as Carriers imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 27. Net Neutrality Realities POTS PANS • Right of Ways • Content is Aggregated Controlled Access by Sites • Quality of Service had a • Best Effort is impacted base line by solutions • Requirements for Fair • Market Dominance is and Reasonable not considered • Dumb Pipes Must Carry • What is the Access Point Rules? imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 28. Universal Service 4.0 Wi-Fi • Home (Punch Block) Wiring is old – The Home is still twisted pair – The Home needs a Network. • Wi-Fi (not Femto) by passes home problem. – Wi-Fi is Universal its on every smart phone • OnLoad / OffLoad • Wi-Fi is now being used to support ZigBee etc. – 5GHz & Super WiFi are Carrier alternative. imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 29. “One Policy, One System, Universal Service” • One Policy – Trust No One – Securing your Privacy is a full time job • One System – It’s an Internet of Things – Did I mention HTML5? • Universal Service – Deploy Wi-Fi (expect a strategy) – Everything over IP imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
- 30. So How Did We Do Old Rules of Universal Service connected at the Network Layer Compatibility of LTE devices across carriers? What is preventing compatibity of LTE devices being used across carriers? Wasn't LTE going to make us all GSM like? LTE vs HSPA+ Freedom to buy phones and chose the carrier Doesn't the Term Jail Break do a disservice to the Consumer? Outlook for voice services on LTE? The Internet is the model for Interoperability Does that mean Regulation? Can Carriers can be Closed Affinity Networks (Like Skype, Facebook etc,)? Can the Internet Still Win in the End? Is Access the Bottleneck or has it moved elsewhere? How can End to End IP be thwarted? Conclusion You can buy Facebook safely in 100 days You can short it in 89. imho Consulting 6-5 Saddle River Road PMB 125 Fair Lawn, NJ 07410
Notas do Editor
- Eventually, Vail prevailed in his views, first through state laws and ultimately through the Kingsbury Commitment of 1913, where AT&T agreed to several measures, including interconnection with non-competing independent phone companies, to avoid antitrust action, thus formalizing the Bell System monopoly. Meanwhile, the Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 made AT&T subject to regulation by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The term "universal service", on the other hand, appears to have originated with Theodore Newton Vail, president of American Telephone & Telegraph (the original AT&T) and head of the Bell System, in 1907 with the corporate slogan "One Policy, One System, Universal Service".[3][4][5] It was intended as a contrast to the "dual service" that had become common since the original Bell telephone patents expired in 1894, where independent telephone companies operated not only in non-Bell System markets, but also as a competitor in Bell markets.[6] Universal service in telecommunications was eventually established as U.S. national policy by the Communications Act of 1934, whose preamble declared its purpose as “to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the United States, a rapid, efficient, Nation-wide, and world-wide wire and radio communication service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges”.[7] The chief purpose of this law was to combine the Federal Radio Commission with the ICC's wire communications powers, including regulation of AT&T, into a new Federal Communications Commission with greater powers over both radio and wire communications. Though the Bell System divestiture of 1984 dissolved the monopoly that inspired the term (though SBC, one of the Baby Bells created then, ultimately bought AT&T and assumed its name[4]), universal service remained official U.S. telecommunications policy under the 1934 Act, even as the FCC began to abandon rate regulation. It was further codified by the Telecommunications Act of 1996,[8] even as it permitted expanded competition in the telecommunications field. The Federal Communications Commission is actively exploring universal service reform, and the place of universal service to the broadband communications environment.[9]
- In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. Commercial internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and 1990s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.
- Internet Bypasses all the switching and is an end to model
- Early European analog cellular networks employed an uncoordinated mix of technologies and protocols that varied from country to country, preventing interoperability of subscriber equipment and increasing complexity for equipment manufacturers who had to contend with varying standards from a fragmented market. The work to develop a European standard for digital cellular voice telephony began in 1982 when the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) created the GroupeSpécial Mobile committee and provided a permanent group of technical support personnel, based in Paris. In 1987, 15 representatives from 13 European countries signed a memorandum of understanding to develop and deploy a common cellular telephone system across Europe. The foresight of deciding to develop a continental standard paid off, eventually resulting in a unified, open, standard-based network larger than that in the United States.[1][2][3][4] France and Germany signed a joint development agreement in 1984 and were joined by Italy and the UK in 1986. In 1986 the European Commission proposed to reserve the 900 MHz spectrum band for GSM. By 1987, basic parameters of the GSM standard had been agreed upon and 15 representatives from 13 European nations signed a memorandum of understanding in Copenhagen, committing to deploy GSM. In 1989, the GroupeSpécial Mobile committee was transferred from CEPT to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).[3] Phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990. The historic world's first GSM call was made by the Finnish prime minister HarriHolkeri to KaarinaSuonio (mayor in city of Tampere) on July 1, 1991. The first network was built by Telenokia and Siemens and operated by Radiolinja.[5] In 1992, the first short messaging service (SMS or "text message") message was sent and Vodafone UK and Telecom Finland signed the first international roaming agreement. Work had begun in 1991 to expand the GSM standard to the 1800 MHz frequency band and the first 1800 MHz network became operational in the UK in 1993. Also in 1993, Telecom Australia became the first network operator to deploy a GSM network outside of Europe and the first practical hand-held GSM mobile phone became available. In 1995, fax, data and SMS messaging services became commercially operational, the first 1900 MHz GSM network in the world became operational in the United States and GSM subscribers worldwide exceeded 10 million. In this same year, the GSM Association was formed. Pre-paid GSM SIM cards were launched in 1996 and worldwide GSM subscribers passed 100 million in 1998.[3] In 2000, the first commercial GPRS services were launched and the first GPRS compatible handsets became available for sale. In 2001 the first UMTS (W-CDMA) network was launched and worldwide GSM subscribers exceeded 500 million. In 2002 the first multimedia messaging services (MMS) were introduced and the first GSM network in the 800 MHz frequency band became operational. EDGE services first became operational in a network in 2003 and the number of worldwide GSM subscribers exceeded 1 billion in 2004.[3] By 2005, GSM networks accounted for more than 75% of the worldwide cellular network market, serving 1.5 billion subscribers. In 2005, the first HSDPA capable network also became operational. The first HSUPA network was launched in 2007 and worldwide GSM subscribers exceeded two billion in 2008.[3] The GSM Association estimates that technologies defined in the GSM standard serve 80% of the global mobile market, encompassing more than 5 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories, making GSM the most ubiquitous of the many standards for cellular networks.[6] Macau decided to fade out GSM network in July 2012 (only roaming service is kept), making it the first region to decommission GSM network.[7]
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