1. Made by Diana Yerzhina, LB1-11-40

2. Simple
(fact)
Progressive
(process)
Perfect
(result)
Perfect
Progressive
(result of process)

3. Present Simple Tense
(do+V1)
Time
expressions
Usually, often, always, every
day/week/month/year/etc, in the
morning/afternoon/evening,
sometimes, rarely, at night, at the
weekend, on Fridays, etc.
We use it for:
• facts and permanent states;
• general truths and laws of nature;
• habits and routines;
• timetables and programs (in the
future);
• sporting commentaries, reviews and
narrations;
• feelings and emotions.
Affirmative
sentence
Negative sentence
Question
Special question
 V1/ V1-s
 don’t/doesn’t V1
Do/Does  V1?
Wh… do/does  V1?
* Who V1-s?

4. facts and permanent states
Mark works for an advertising company.
• general truths and laws of nature
Oil floats on water.
• habits and routines
He usually goes jogging in the mornings.
• timetables and programs (in the future)
The plane to Madrid takes off at 6:30 pm.
• sporting commentaries, reviews and narrations
Beckham wins the ball, then he crosses and Owen scores.
• feelings and emotions
I love Paris, because it is a beautiful city.
•

5. Present Progressive Tense
(be+V4)
Time
expressions
We use it for:
Now, at the moment, at
present, these days,
nowadays, still, today,
tonight, etc.
Affirmative
sentence

am
is V4
are
• actions taking place at or around the moment
of speaking;
• temporary situations;
• fixed arrangements in the near future;
• currently changing and developing situations;
• expressing of anger or irritation at a repeated
action (with adverbs such as always).
Negative sentence
am not
 isn’t
aren’t
V4
Question
Am
Is

Are
V4?
Special question
am
Wh… is  V4?
are
* Who is V4?

6. actions taking place at or around the moment of speaking
The kids are playing video games in the living room.
• temporary situations
They are painting the house.
• fixed arrangements in the near future
I am going to a party tonight.
• currently changing and developing situations
The rivers are becoming more and more polluted.
• expressing of anger or irritation at a repeated action (with
adverbs such as always)
She is always biting her nails when someone talks to her.
•

7. Present Perfect Tense
(have+V3)
Time
expressions
For, since, just, already,
yet, lately, recently, so
far, ever, etc.
Affirmative
sentence
We use it for:
• actions which happened at an unstated time in
the past. The exact time is not mentioned, because
the action is more important;
• actions which started in the past and are still
continuing in the present;
• actions which have recently finished and their
results are visible in the present;
• talking about an experience.
Negative sentence
Question
 have/has V3  haven’t/hasn’t V3 Have/Has  V3?
Special question
Wh…have/has  V3?
* Who has V3?

8. actions which happened at an unstated time in the past. The
exact time is not mentioned, because the action is more
important.
Tom has broken his arm.
• actions which started in the past and are still continuing in
the present
Kim has been a chef since 1985.
• actions which have recently finished and their results are
visible in the present
I have painted the kitchen. Doesn’t it look nice?
• talking about an experience
They have travelled through Europe.
•

9. Present Perfect Progressive Tense
(have+been+V4)
Time
expressions
We use it for:
For, since, all morning/ afternoon/
week/ day, etc.
• an action which started in the past
and continues up to the present;
•an action which has recently finished
and its result is evident now;
• expressing irritation.
Affirmative
sentence
Negative
sentence
Question
 have/ has been V4
 haven’t/hasn’t been V4
Have/Has  been V4?

10. an action which started in the past and continues up to the
present
She has been typing letters for three hours.
• an action which has recently finished and its result is evident
now
They are tired. They have been working for nine hours.
• expressing irritation
Where were you? I have been waiting for you for two hours!
•

11. Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley
«Enterprise. Grammar 2. Student’s book».

Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley
«Upstream. Pre-intermediate B1. Student’s book».
