Essays On China

Essay On China
China is one of the greatest macroeconomic success stories of the current generation. The People's
Republic of China has in a little less than half a century moved to arguably be one of the greatest
economies in the world. Indeed, some may even argue that it is the greatest. This, as per the
Kindleberger/Minsky model, is a major cause for worry and not celebration. Indeed, around the year
2015, the Chinese economy was doing so well that it was attracting an avalanche of investors.
Companies such as Beijing Baofeng Technology Company would have their stocks appreciating at
astronomical levels of up to 10% per day. Money managers and experts from around the world and
even the USA were exhorting investors to buy Chinese stakes. The government...show more content...
Minsky's model reflects that it is possible to have an artificial economic boom but the same is
always followed by a massive economic crash. Kindleberger adds the perspective that it is just
before the crash that investors seem most eager to speculate and have the highest level of
confidence. This concept exacerbates the impact of loses when the inevitable slump finally comes.
The Kindleberger/Minsky model can, therefore, be considered reflective of an indication that when
the economy of a place seems to be doing extremely well and there is no logical explanation for the
same, it would be a bad idea to invest into it because a slump is imminent and inevitable. This begs
the question of whether China could be going down this ignominious path and what this could
mean for its future. The most viable answer to this question should be an indefinite one. At first,
the model as developed by Kindleberger relies very heavily on the unquantifiable factors of fear
and greed. These are purely human factors thus based on the unpredictability of human behavior.
Indeed, two investors holding a similar stock can decide to dump it almost at the same time, with
one doing so out of fear and the other out of greed. Two of the colleagues may at the very same time
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China in Africa Essay
news from the Nordic Africa Institute from the Nordic Africa Institute numBer 3 novemBer 2007
from the contents
china and Africa
Fantu Cheru
theme: AfricAn Agriculture Agriculture and the World Bank
Atakilte Beyene
Property rights
Kjell Havnevik
Tor A. Benjaminsen & Espen Sjaastad
inequality and climate change
contents to our reAders AfricAn Agriculture
1 3
november 2007
Carin Norberg
African agriculture and the World Bank: development or impoverishment?
Atakilte Beyene
5 8
Property rights formalisation in Africa
Tor A. Benjaminsen & Espen Sjaastad
the relationship between inequality and climate change
Kjell Havnevik
commentAries intervieW
11 14
decoding the evolving china–Africa...show more content...

In our interview section we present one interview with Martha Qorro, professor in English language,
on the question about the language of instruction in Tanzania. She is of the opinion that the best way
to teach English is not to use it as the language of instruction. She also responds to the question why
the question of language of instruction has become such a sensitive political issue in Tanzania. In
our second interview Jerome Verdier, chairman of the Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission,
points to the fact that the TRC's part of the conflict resolution is nothing new. Liberia has a history
of resolving community conflicts at the round table. But in the past there were no prolonged
conflicts, such as the recent 4 year period of massive human rights violation. In the research section
we present the result of a conference which took place at NAI, Uppsala, in September 2007 regarding
the ongoing discussions between EU and the ACP countries on Economic Partnership Agreements.
The discussion at the conference highlighted the lack of connection between the poverty alleviation
goal and the reality of the negotiations, despite numerous political declarations on both the EU and
ACP sides. Key decisions on EPAs will soon be made by EU and ACP ministers. The Africa Europe
Group of Interdisciplinary Studies, AEGIS, of which NAI is an active member, is presented through
three contributions.
Photo by Susanne Linderos
News from the Nordic

China's Foreign Policy Essay
China's Foreign Policy Since the initial warming of U.S.–China relations in the early 1970's,
policymakers have had difficulty balancing conflicting U.S. policy concerns in the People's Republic
of China. In the strange world of diplomacy between the two, nothing is predictable. From Nixon to
Clinton, presidents have had to reconcile security and human rights concerns with the corporate
desire for expanded economic relations between the two countries. Nixon established ties with Mao
Zedong's brutal regime in 1972. And today Clinton's administration is trying to influence China's
course from within a close economic and diplomatic relationship. In 1989 the Tiananmen Square
Massacre drew public attention to the inconsistent character of...show more content...
Next, measures adopted following Tiananmen Square are limited and in some cases not fully
implemented. And finally, despite it's failure to respect human rights, China is the largest recipient
of World Bank Funds. Under pressure to integrate human rights concerns more closely into overall
U.S.–China policy, Washington has adopted a number of sanctions including restrictions on aid. The
Clinton administration has argued that increased economic integration of China into the world
market is the best way to advance human rights. Chinese human rights practices continue to fall far
below internationally accepted standards. Neither the existing U.S. sanctions nor the policy of
comprehensive engagement has resulted in human rights improvements. Now, the United States is
trying a number of different plans that are supposed to slowly cause human rights reforms in China.
However, these are limited and in some cases not fully implemented. Although OPIC and TDA
programs were suspended, other agencies remained. This sends a mixed message to China about the
seriousness of the United States. Following the massacre, the U.S. and other nations put a
moratorium on new World Bank lending to China. In 1990, the policy was relaxed. The U.S.
government has not used its influence at the World Bank to pressure China into improving its human
rights practices. In Burma, human rights practices are basically the same as in China. For Burma,
the United States

Essay on Chinese Dynasties
Chinese Dynasties: 1. Shang: Also called Yin, dynasty that was China's earliest historically
verifiable state 1766 B.C. to 1122 B.C. A. Reason's for Rise: Unlike the early accounts of history
by the Chinese, there is archaeological evidence of the Shang, who built their cities in northern
China around the eastern parts of the Yellow River. For this reason they are called the Yellow River
civilization. They were a bronze age people; bronze–working seems to have entered China around
2000 BC (about one thousand years after its invention in Mesopotamia). B. Territorial Location
& size at height of power (map): The Shang ruled the area from the North China Plain
northward into present–day Shantung Province and westward to the tip of Honan...show more
content...
Shang–Ti also regulated human affairs as well as ruling over the material universe. This dual
function would, in the Chou dynasty, be attributed to a more abstract figure, "t'ien," or
"Heaven." The Shang also believed that their ancestors dwelled in heaven after their
death and continued to show an interest in their familiy and descendants. The obligations within the
family included, therefore, the ancestors. Failing in one's duties to the ancestors could bring all
sorts of disaster on a family. All of these divine and semi–divine figures, from Shang–Ti to a family's
ancestors, were sacrificed to. However, we know little of the nature or the frequency of these
sacrifices. We do know, however, that in the Chou dynasty only the king could sacrifice to Shang–Ti;
it is highly likely that Shang–Ti was the "local god" of the Shang kings who was
subsequently elevated in order to elevate the Shang themselves. The one disturbing fact of Shang
sacrifice is that it certainly involved humans; slaves and prisoners of war were often sacrificed by
the hundreds when a king died. Lesser numbers were sacrificed at the founding of a palace or
temple. F. Major reasons for decline and fall: 2. Chou: dynasty (1122–221 B.C.) that ruled ancient
china from almost a thousand years establishing a distinctive political and cultural characteristics
which would be identified with China for the next 2,000 years. A. Reason's for Rise: B. Territorial
Location & size

Essay on Business in China
Before doing business in China, there's a few things needed to know about this to–be home away
from home for the company. A completely different world from that of the United States, this
second largest supplier is as simple as our own in business etiquette, and a few simple things can go
a long way. Social–cultural, economy, legal–political, and managerial differences are just a few
categories of information to be taken into consideration when pursuing a business agenda in China.
Social–Cultural
The first rule of business in China stems from the social and cultural aspects of China, such as
accepting them as a whole. This is the essence of business in China, because acceptance and
understanding generates the groundwork for the whole...show more content...
Also, while doing business, avoid negative phrasing, and leave a concerned approach as if no offer
is off the table. Business is preferred face to face as opposed to over the phone, as well (Chinese
Business Culture). In perspective, the real rules for social and cultural aspects of business in China
is every day etiquette, as they appreciate relationships, kindness, and real consideration of all
options to be offered when doing business. They will not accommodate you in the western way one
might be used to, so it's best to learn how to do business their way.
Economy
An ever–growing economy such as China is a large one to take on as a business looking to
associate with them. This economy is the grounds for global growth at this point in time, as they
are a major supplier all over the world. Beware when working with China however, that their
economy is not free. They are free to communist directives, and other political influences. Business
is largely a victim to corruption, as the law seeks little reform in a more liberalized economy, and
fails to uphold contracts or other business deals (China Economy). Being a third largest export
market, China has shown growth as much as 20% per year over the past five years, and many
businesses have already greatly benefited from their success. With a large population hungry for
products, they continue to grow at amazing rates, and have rather low rates of inflation to
accompany their business (Facts about Business in China).

Essay on The Culture and History of China
Over the last 3000 years, China has had many inspirational leaders who have greatly influenced
China's economy, literature, and philosophy. Not only have each one of China's historical and
contemporary leaders had an impact on China as a nation, but many of their ideas have flourished
throughout literature which has allowed other countries around the world to attain those ideas and
learn from them. One of China's great leaders whose ideas, theories and philosophical ponderings
have had a great impact on China's ancient and modern day societies is Master Confucius. Confucius
has inspired the literature of modern and ancient China through important books which are still
being read by Chinese authors today. Moreover, Confucius has had...show more content...
When the people of China were amazed by his well written and idealistic books, the words spread
of Confucius' great works of literature, which meant that more people would begin following
Confucius. In one of his novels titled "The Classic of History," Confucius not only discusses from a
literal standpoint about the history of China, but he also discusses the religious and philosophical
aspect of Chinese history. This brought many priests and religious leaders from all around China to
follow and understand the literature of Confucius. From a modern standpoint, the ancient and
influential Confucian literature is still being read and more modern Chinese writers such as
Sung–Yat–Sen, Liang Sou–Ming, Chin Yue–Ling still followed the ideas of Confucius' writing. They
believed that the ideas of the Confucian texts were very inspirational and influential as they
began to use his style of writing as well as the basis of his ideas to start their writing. It is
remarkable how the writing of a man who lived over 3000 years ago can still be inspiring people
today in China to cherish literature and be amazed by his books.
Confucius has had many major impacts on the philosophy of ancient and modern China which are
shown through his significant theories and ideas. His ideas are what define the philosophy of
ancient China as they introduce a new philosophical perspective to people. Confucius' impact on
Chinese philosophy began when he

Essay on India China Economic Growth
ESSAY ON CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE MAIN CATALYSTS TO GROWTH IN CHINA AND
INDIA.
India with about 1.2 million populations and china with about 1.3 billon population are two big
demographic and emerging countries in the world .Over a past few decade IndiaГўв‚¬в„ўs
combination into the economic has been accompanied by remarkable economic growth (World Bank
2011Г‚В¬).India is having the 3th position on the economy in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
(The Economic Times, 2012). IndiaГўв‚¬в„ўs total GDP (gross Domestic Product) growth was 5.5%
in 2012 and inflation rate is was .........(The Economist, 2012) .According to government of India
poverty has been decline from 37.2% in 2004 to 29.8% in 2010 (world bank 2011).The major
economic growth sectors...show more content...
ChinaГўв‚¬в„ўs domestic savings went from around 23 per cent of GDP in 1960 to 43 per cent in
2002. Both countries open the door and increased their shares of trade (Chakrabarti,

China Research Paper
Davon Holmes
10/10/2012
Sociology
China
China is the world's most populated country with the population of 1.3 billion people. Since there
were so many people in China they had to think about a way to control population so this is where
the one–child policy was made. It officially restricts married, urban couples to having only one
child, while allowing exemptions for several cases, including twins. This policy was introduced in
1978 and initially applied to first–born children from 1979. The policy is enforced at the local level
through fines that are imposed based on the income of the family and other factors.
China had three major eras in their history Ancient China, Imperial China, and Modern China. First,
there was Ancient China...show more content...
Northern China was particularly affected; its canal and dam system fell into disrepair, causing
extensive flooding and famine. The period; however, was marked by one major accomplishment, the
widespread development of printing. From the year 960 AD–1234AD The Song, Liao, Jin, and
Western Xia Dynasties ruled China. The song dynasty gaining power over most of china, The Khitan
Liao Dynasty ruled over Manchuria while the Liao dynasty was annihilated by the Jurchen Jin
Dynasty. During this time the Western Xia Dynasty was formed by Tangut tribes. With all of the
different dynasties going on during this time period the song dynasty was the most memorable being
considered as China's high point in science and technology. Kublai Khan wanting to adopt the
customs of China established the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty also made great achievements in
culture and science, particularly in astronomy. One major thing to happen during this dynasty was
the Black Plague; it was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history. The Ming Dynasty
followed. Urbanization increased as the population grew and as the division of labor grew more
complex. The Ming Dynasty was either found by Zhu Yuanzhang or Hong–wu. During the Ming
dynasty the last construction on the Great Wall was undertaken to protect

Essay on China
Napoleon once warned, "China is a sleeping giant. Let her sleep, for when she wakes she will
shake the world." The United States of America has been the superpower for past two centuries and
still is. But after Beijing 2008 Olympics and even couple years before the event, the world
recognized China as a powerful, emerging nation that is attempting to catch up with America.
Evidently China is on the rise and no one can deny that fact as news channels and online news sites
are constantly discussing issues about China. As China is becoming the World's greatest rising
power it is important to be aware of the factors that made China a leading power and also to
examine what is holding them back as they are striving to become the most modernized...show more
content...
I will conclude by mentioning a possible direction China and America are heading.
In doing this research, I have mainly used Land Without Ghosts edited by Arkush and Lee and
Chinese–American: School and community Problems which is comprised of personal first hand
testimonies as a primary source and several different secondary sources which I have gathered from
the UCI Langson library. Using the limited resources available, I will articulate some of the
arguments that the secondary source authors make. In order to highlight the details of problems
Chinese students faced in America and also in China I will use Qian Ning's Chinese Students
Encounter America and Leo A. Orleans' Chinese Students in America. In Carola McGiffert's Chinese
Images of the United States, I will discuss the general Chinese public view of America and student
view in recent times, in order to get some clues on future of Sino–American relations. All the sources
mentioned above will help better understand the significant role of Chinese students studying
overseas and its contribution to Sino–American relations.
China prides itself in its oldest civilizations in the world and has the oldest continuous civilization.
But when China opened its door to the West, it has learned from young America how to develop into
a leading nation. Remarkably, 150 years of Chinese immigration goes hand in hand with 150 years of
Chinese students studying in America. The

My Experience Essay: My Trip To China
When I was on middle school, I spent my holiday vacation with my family to go to China. I went to
some part of China such as Beijing, Luoyang, Shanghai and the others, but I only remembered the
one in the Beijing mostly. I was really surprised that China got many cultures that I had not known
before. These cultures include food, history and some local tradition. In this essay, I will tell my
experience in China and some China's culture that I have gotten in my trip. My journey start from
Indonesia's airport and luckily we did not have to transit to other country since sometimes it was
required to transit due to the flight time taken from Indonesia to Beijing was approximately five and
half hours. When I arrived at Beijing I was surprised...show more content...
By the time we arrived at the Great Place, I was amazed by the impressive structure and
construction of the long Great Wall. Wikipedia inform that "The Great Wall of China" is a series of
fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an
east–to–west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and
empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. I
headed straight to climb the Great Wall and we there were a lot of steep, therefore we need to be
careful. After passing through some section, I started to become tired and have a heavy breath,
afterwards gulped multiple bottle. Finished my hiking, I straightly headed to "Ming Tomb"
where some China's emperor were buried here. At night, I enjoyed myself with Chinese
traditional street's snack with a lot of food and beverages with varied characteristic and flavor.
They offered a dozen of weird stuff, such as scorpion, silkworm, larvae, seahorse and even
cockroaches skewered on a stick. In addition, they also offer some sweet snacks like pancake with
bean paste, rice cake dried fruit dish and others. I was really curious about the flavor and tried to
taste many of these food, some of them were tasty and some were odd in taste. After enjoying the
street's snack, I headed to hotel and took a

China 's Economic Impact On China Essay
Executive Summary Over the years, China has been developed rapidly not only in terms of their
economic growth but also industrial development, which bring opportunities for investors to invest
in China. There are some main areas of PEST related to automobile industry in China that investors
might want to consider before they intend to invest in the industry. Recently in China, there is an
ongoing promote rule of law. A legal system has been developed to restrict of official authority and
revolutionary excesses after the Cultural Revolt. On the other hand, China has transformed its
economic into the market orientated that positively impact on not only in China but on the whole
world as well. Since there is a high growth of economy ongoing in China, it is a huge opportunity for
investors to develop their business in China especially the automobile industry. Alongside the large
population in China, it helps to create an opportunity for General Motor to magnify its business and
it also help to increase job opportunities in China. In addition, it cannot be denied that China is one
of the greatest opportunities in technology field because there are a number of high technology
development has been established for researching and developing in China for technological
innovation purposes over the past years. All these rapid development in China causing a serious
impact on their environment that include in increasing the pollution while decreasing the natural
resources. Therefore,

Essay on China's One Child Policy
The one child policy was adopted to help improve economic, environment, and population
problems in China. The policy was used to limits the number of children that couples can have.
When , the law was introduced it was only supposed to help with the overpopulation but , it has
caused many children to be left and abandoned. Although China has a population problem, the one
child policy was not the right way to handle the situation. There has been a long history of China's
one child policy, since it was first introduces in 1979 by a Chinese Leader Deng Xiaoping
(Rosenberg n.p). The law was meant to be temporary and used to control the population; however it
is still in use today (Rosenberg n.p). When the policy was first enforced, it only...show more content...
Some argue that the policy is beneficial to sustain the economy, society, population, resources
and the environment. About four hundred million births have been prevented with the policy
helping with the population problem (Wan n.p). Pollution and a lack of resources are some of
the reason that people think the one child policy is necessary. Another reason that people think
the policy is necessary is if the population continues to grow it would be harder for people to find
food, causing people to starve. People see the policy as a good thing because it is helping the
government by not using as many resources. The punishments for China's one child policy are
extremely harsh and inhumane. For instance relatives were put in jail because they were related
to a family who broke the law by having two boys (Hanworth n.p). Other cases include: a baby
being run over by a car by Chinese officials, a mother being forced to abort seven months in her
pregnancy, and a doctor killed a baby right after he/she was born (Maessan n.p.) It's hard to
believe people would find it ok to murder children for population problems. One Reason the policy
should be ended is that is a violation of rights. Why should the government be allowed to control the
number of kids born in a family? It is also not right for the government to punish people for having
an addition child. Fines, abortions, sterilization, and infanticide are being used

Essay on China and Taiwan
China and Taiwan Historically, the Taiwan problem originated after the Nationalist and Communist
Chinese re–ignited the Civil War. They had previously settled their disputes temporarily, to defend
the invasion of the Japanese in the 1930s. The Civil War started again in 1946, only a year after
fighting ceased at the end of the Second World War. The Communists were commanded by Mao Tse
Tung, and the Nationalists were being lead by Chiang Kia–Shek. However, the Nationalists had the
advantage of US support. The US were already concerned with the growing levels of Communism
worldwide, and were determined not to let China also fall to Communism. The USA saw China as a
major world superpower that had the potential to influence other, smaller...show more content...
However America, being allied to the Nationalists, became forced into a war by proxy with Russia.
Both sides had allies that were enemies with each other, but America and Russia were not direct
enemies. When the Communists took control over China and defeated the Nationalists, Both the
USA and USSR were very surprised. America had supported the Nationalists by giving them money
and resources to defend against the Communists. Although the USSR had China as an ally, their
leader Stalin was nervous. China was one of the main world superpowers at the time, and could
easily turn against them. Two million Nationalists then retreated to the Island of Taiwan. They
feared a naval attack from the Communists, and so America intervened. The USA sent a naval fleet
(The US 7th Fleet) to patrol the waters linking mainland China with Taiwan. This is possibly the
main reason why mainland China has not invaded Taiwan. If they did so, they would have to face
the American Fleet first. America wanted the people on Taiwan to build up a large enough army that
together they could re–invade mainland China. Today, this is more of a challenge as China has
evolved into a bigger and stronger nation. America is no longer more powerful than China. Chiang
Kia–Shek had ambitions to keep control of Quemoy and Matsu. They were small islands but were
extremely close to the shore of mainland China. Trying to hold these islands provoked mainland
China, and they could easily be shelled. They were

Chinese Culture Essay
China has about five thousand years history which is a very long period of time. Also, the Chinese
civilization was growing with these periods of time and it will continues greater than ever. Many
wars and unhappinesses were happening during this period. Although, the time has passed, the
histories and the civilizations have not passed. These family virtues, serious, working attitudes, sense
of justice and the great Confucian tradition have been deeply assimilated into the Chinese people.
Some Chinese traditions are different from North American's. The Chinese culture has many special
characteristics which are very interesting for people to learn. The family life is very important for
every Chinese. Chinese families are very...show more content...
They will live with the old people because they could like to look after them. This is quite important
for Chinese family. Chinese believe that life goes b turn. The old people take care and raise the,
when they are young. They should look after them when they are old. The Traditional Chinese
houses have many differences in comparison with the North American houses. The building
materials used in construction is the most distinct difference from North American's. A typical
Chinese farmhouse is built of sun–dried bricks or pounded earth, because wood is too expensive and
scarce to use. On the other hand, many typical Northern American houses are built of wood. In
addition to the variations of building materials used in constriction, the architectural planning of a
traditional Chinese houses is also unique. A traditional Chinese house is built according to the
"Court–yard System'; where by houses are built around a courtyard which is invisible to the
outside. Windows are covered by a thin oiled paper which is also invisible in order to protect
robbery and keep privacy. Nowadays, the traditional housing system seldom appears in Hong Kong
because it is too expensive and may cost millions of dollars. Moreover, the housing in Hong Kong
is usually apartments and skyscrapers which is different from the ancient China. The Chinese
language is one of the oldest and complicated language in the world. Chinese language is single
syllable which is the

Essay On China
Since initiating market reforms in 1978, China has shifted from a centrally–planned to a
market–based economy and has experienced rapid economic growth at 10%. With a population of
1.3 billion, China is the second largest economy by nominal GDP (IMF estimates, 2017) and is
increasingly playing an important and influential role in development and in the global economy.
US has played the role of world's largest economy for more than a century. US is a highly
developed mixed economy, with the largest nominal GDP (IMF estimates, 2017). However, both
the IMF and the World Bank now rate China as the world's largest economy based onPurchasing
Power Parity (PPP). And it won't be too long before China's economy surpasses the US's by other
...show more content...
If we project these rates forward, the Chinese economy will be as big as the American by 2024. By
2037, it will be more than twice the size.
China is committed to education, with around 4% of total GDP now being invested in training its
people. China's education system is the largest in the world. It has more university students than the
EU and the US combined.
The US has a trade deficit – it imports more than it exports – while China imports significantly less
than it exports, resulting in a trade surplus. The ratio of current account balance to GDP has also
been rising in China overtime and has been higher than US.
China remains a huge and growing economy. But projections that it will overtake the US seem
fanciful. US is well ahead of China on most indicators related to living standards and quality of life.
The nominal GDP of China was estimated at only $11 trillion in 2017, compared to $19 trillion in
US despite of having four times population than US. The per capita GDP in China was estimated at
$8,471 in 2017, ranking 71st in the world, while in US it was estimated at $59,609, ranking 7th in
the world.
PPP changes over time because prices change at different rates in different places, purchasing power
comparisons made at one point can be quite misleading just a few years later, and even more
misleading when projected

Essay China
China is well aware of its economic strength, the position in the world it holds, the challenges it will
face in coming years and the responsibility on its part to be shared. This huge economic strength has
made china an economic power which, now, can manipulate markets accordingly. E.g. China, despite
of huge world pressure, is not showing her will to re evaluate its currency. Challenges it going to
face are, domestic and international, strategic and economical. Domestic challenges include the
inequality in its society where rich is getting richer and poor is getting poorer. International
challenges are to keep its status alive in order to maintain its growth in upward direction when more
countries are, after the financial crisis, heading...show more content...
On one hand China is seeking more and more world markets while on the other hand it is refusing
the European or world companies to operate in more effective way in Chinese markets (Business
Day, 2010).
Table 1 describes the status of China–U.S. trade.
Status of China–U.S. trade
Table 1: China's Trade with the United States ($ billion)
Notes: US exports reported on FOB basis; imports on a general customs value, CIF basis
Source: US International Trade Commission 2000200120022003200420052006200720082009
US exports16.319.222.128.434.741.855.265.271.569.6
% change24.418.315.128.522.220.632.118.19.5–2.6
US imports100.0102.3125.2152.4196.7243.5287.8321.5337.8296.4
% change22.32.222.421.729.123.818.211.75.1–12.3
Total116.3121.5147.3180.8231.4285.3343386.7409.2366.0
% change22.621.421.222.82823.320.212.75.8–10.6
US balance–83.7–83.0–103.1–124.0–162.0–201.6–232.5–256.3–266.3–226.8
(China's trade surplus was the key issue during the last G–20 meeting)
Theoretical perspectives:
"Economic imperialism is a potent weapon of gaining and maintaining domination by one nation
over another, not through military conquest, but by economic control." (Morgenthau, 1993, cited in
OGEN, 2008, p. 524) )
Gone are the days when the stability and strength of the states was determined by their

A Brief History of China Essay
China is on the verge of becoming the next Super Power like the United States and Great Britain.
The reason why I am writing this paper is to relay information to you regarding China as it was and
how it is now. China blossomed quicker than any other country in the beginning and later stalled in
progress throughout its history. Culture is the end statement of a people's identity. According to
Merriam–Webster it is a way of thinking, behaving or working that exists in a place or organization
(Dictionary). In this paper, we will not be discussing about a place or organization, but instead of a
country rich in culture. My discussion will be about the country of China's history, economy, weather,
terrain and people.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF...show more content...
Next came the Sui Dynasty (581 AD– 618 AD). This dynasty had improved upon the Great Wall.
This wall protected the enemies of China, especially keeping their mortal enemy the Mongolians
at bay. This dynasty had also created the first manufactured canal known as the Grand Canal. The
Grand Canal length is 2,400 miles long and 36 feet wide (Hook 185). They had also let the words
of Buddhism reach across the land among the people with no interference. To assist in bridging the
gap between the poor peasants and the rich upper class, a monetary class was established and
enforced throughout the land (Hook 184). The last dynasty is the Sung. The Sung Dynasty (960
AD–1279 AD) had created huge cities of the time that allowed social programs (such as public
postal services and welfare programs) to be created. This ignition of public meetings and exchanges
of ideas assisted in the creation of new ideas and inventions. An example of this was gunpowder
(which was very unstable, but highly usable) for the Chinese Military. Inventions of great magnitude
will have come during this era. Most of all was the invention of gunpowder made from saltpeter.
These inventions were the handgun (known as a fire–lance), grenades (small clay pottery the size of
a fist) and exploding mines (ceramics disks the size of large belt buckles) (Fairbank

China is an East Asian country roughly the size of the United States of America that boasts a history
of great achievements. Nestled between Mongolia to the north and India and Vietnam to the south,
China has a land area of approximately nine and a half million square kilometers (CIA – The World
Factbook –– China). In all, China is bordered by thirteen countries including Afghanistan, North
Korea, and the Russian Federation. China is accredited as being the oldest constant world
civilization. Records dating as far back as 3,500 years have been collected. Successive dynasties
gifted to China bureaucratic control of the country. This benefited China because it gave the country
an advantage over the neighboring countries that were mainly...show more content...
It was in 1644 when the last dynasty of China was established. The Manchu's overthrew the national
Ming dynasty and implemented the Qing dynasty. Under this dynasty, Beijing was established as the
capital. China experienced a time of prosperity under the last dynasty. Then, in the 19th century,
Qing power weakened and the prosperity diminished (History of China). After the Qing dynasty
dissolved, China became a republic with early leaders including General Yuan Shikai, Sun Yat
–sen,
and Chiang Kai–shek. During the 1920's there were two prominent parties in China–the Kuomintang
(KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Chiang Kai–shek was the leader of the KMT and
Mao Zedong became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. Civil war broke out amongst the
two parties and eventually led to Chiang Kai–shek fleeing to Taiwan to form the Republic of China
(History of China). Mao Zedong had the mainland of China and it became known as the People's
Republic of China. During Mao's reign, China witnessed the "Great Leap Forward" and the Cultural
Revolution. China has developed from an agrarian society to a booming industrial society. In recent
years, China has become decisively committed to economic reform and opening to the Western
world. China's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) purchasing power parity is $8.767

Essay about China
The World is forever in debt to China for its innovations. Ancient China was extreme advance and
many of its discoveries are still in use today. This is what Robert
Temple, the author of The Genius of China 3000 years of science, discovery and invention. The
book is based on 11 main parts of Chinese innovation. Within these 11categories, there are 3 main
parts that contain the most significant inventions. Robert
Temple concentrates the bulk of his examples in these three categories, agriculture, domestic and
industrial technology , and engineering. Temple's examples were not limited to these fields of
innovation. The Chinese excelled in many other areas, including mathematics, warfare and
transportation, to name a few. Although...show more content...
But then, no one else could have done so at the time, since iron existed nowhere else but in China.
The Chinese invented the chain pump in the first century AD The chain pump allows water to the
pumped from lower to higher elevations. The chain pumps were used for draining and pumping in
civil engineering, but what is more important is it was used for irrigation. Irrigation allows for
greater and more intense farming, thus resulting in a better crop yield. With the greater crop yields
larger populations can be supported. The chain pump was exported to all parts of the world by way
of visiting ambassadors and dignitaries. The first European chain pump appeared in the sixteenth
century, and was a direct copy of the Chinese version.
The second area of great Chinese achievement is in domestic and industrial technology. The most
recognized Chinese invention is in the field of domestic and industrial technology, paper. Paper was
invented around the second century BC and was used as clothing. One might not believe that
paper could be used as clothing, but the paper made at that time used thicker and tougher paper
fibers. Not only was paper used for clothing, it was also used for military body armor. The Chinese
found out that pleated sheets of paper could stop the penetration of arrows. The paper armor was
standard issue with Chinese land and sea units. Paper's writing property was not

Essay on China
China
The history of China is embeded with revolution and tension dating back to the feudal periods and
the " first unified Chinese empire under Qi Shi Huang
Di in 221 B.C. " The Confucianism ideology entrenched in the minds of the
Chinese people with its conservative base and the need to achieve harmony in society has yet to be
reached and most likely, never will. The proletariat is at the heart of the Marxist–Maoist approach to
politics and the basic way of life for the Chinese masses considering that "...roughly 85% of the
population is based in peasantry..." While Marxism, as implemented by the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP) and Nationalism have historically hindered the people of
China; a growing need to conform to...show more content...
The Chinese Communist Party was by no means a military power and it was unable to sustain itself
and flourish in the Nationalist–controlled cities. The
Kuomintang, a nationalist party was set out to unify China under one central government. The
KMT had in its possession adequate means to quash the idealistic CCP and did so on a number of
occasions. Some of which led to rebellions such as the Long March led by Mao Tse–tung.
China, over history has experienced phases of both Nationalism and
Sinocentrism, both of which can be damaging to a developing country attempting to compete
economically in the global market. These ideas can relate back to the ancient religion of
confucianism. " Confucianism has been instramental in the shaping of China's leadership. Not only
does it emphasize a rigid hierarchy kept in place by virtuous behavior. But it also holds that strict
adherence to proper behavior actually leads to correct thinking. " Accompanying Nationalism and
Sinocentrism was rebellion and unrest. Twenty–four historic dynasties followed a common pattern
of development. At the beginning of a new dynasty, a period of national unity under virtuous and
benevolent rule flourished and usually was accompanied by intellectual excitement. A

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