1. Controlling Quality
Waqas Ali Tunio
Pakistan Navy Engineering College (PNEC),
National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) - Pakistan

2. Scheme of Presentation
• Introduction – Quality Control
• Project Quality Management?
• Quality Assurance
• QC in Production Systems
• Designing the QC System
• Inspection/Testing Points
• Gauges and Measuring Instruments
• HACCP System
• Quality Control in Services

3. Quality Assurance
• Quality assurance includes all the
activities related to satisfying the
relevant quality standards for a project
– Another goal of quality assurance is
continuous quality improvement
• Benchmarking generates ideas for
quality improvements by comparing
specific project practices or product
characteristics to those of other projects
or products within or outside the
performing organization
• A quality audit is a structured review of
specific quality management activities
that help identify lessons learned that
could improve performance on current
or future projects
– Performed by in-house auditors or third parties

4. Quality Control
(QC)
• Control – the
activity of ensuring
conformance to
requirements and
taking corrective
action when
necessary to
correct problems
• Importance
– Daily management
of processes
– Prerequisite to
longer-term
improvements 4

5. Quality Control
Although one of the main goals of QC is to improve quality, its main outcomes are:
–Acceptance decisions- are the products/services acceptable or should they be rejected and
rework is then necessary
–Rework – action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with products specs. Can be
very expensive
–Process adjustments – correct or prevent further quality problems based on quality control
measurements (purchase faster server if response time is too slow)

6. Designing the
QC System
• Quality Policy and Quality
Manual
– Contract management,
design control and
purchasing
– Process control, inspection
and testing
– Corrective action and
continual improvement
– Controlling inspection,
measuring and test
equipment (metrology,
measurement system
analysis and calibration)
– Records, documentation
and audits

7. Quality Policy - Key Objectives
• Fitness for use or Fitness • Customer Satisfaction (Meet/Exceed)
• Conformance to Requirements
for Service (FFS) • Continuous Improvement
• Performance • Management must also provide adequate
• Safety resources to achieve objectives set forth in quality
policy.
• Dependability

8. What Is Project Quality Management?
• Project quality management ensures that
the project will satisfy the needs for which
it was undertaken
• Processes include:
– Quality planning: identifying which quality
standards are relevant to the project and how
to satisfy them
– Quality assurance: periodically evaluating
overall project performance to ensure the
project will satisfy the relevant quality
standards
– Quality control: monitoring specific project
results to ensure that they comply with the
relevant quality standards

9. Project Quality Management
Summary

10. Who’s Responsible for the
Quality of Projects?
• Project managers are
ultimately responsible
for quality
management on their
projects
• Several organizations and
references can help project
managers and their teams
understand quality
– International Organization for
Standardization (www.iso.org)
• When products, systems, machinery and
devices work well and safely, it is often
because they meet standards. The
organization responsible for many thousands
of the standards which benefit the world is
ISO (derived from the Greek isos, meaning
“equal”)
– IEEE – Standards Association
(www.ieee.org)
• A leading, developer of industry standards in a
broad-range of industries (Power and Energy,
Information Technology, Telecommunications,
Transportation, Medical and Healthcare,
nanotechnology, cyber security, information
assurance, and green technology) . Globally
recognized

11. Matrix Management
and QC
• Project priorities
force functional
bypassing

12. QC in Production
Systems
• Quality control (QC) includes
the activities from the
suppliers, through production,
and to the customers.
• Incoming materials are
examined to make sure they
meet the appropriate
specifications.
• The quality of partially
completed products are
analyzed to determine if
production processes are
functioning properly.
• Finished goods and services
are studied to determine if
they meet customer
expectations.

13. QC Throughout Production Systems

14. Inspection/Testing Points
• Receiving inspection
• In-process inspection
• Final inspection

15. Receiving Inspection
• Spot check procedures
• 100 percent inspection
• Acceptance sampling
15

16. Prevention and Inspection
Prevention:
Keeping errors out
of the process
Inspection:
Keeping errors out
of the hands of the
customer.

17. In-Process Inspection
• What to inspect?
– Key quality characteristics that are
related to cost or quality
(customer requirements)
• Where to inspect?
– Key processes, especially high-
cost and value-added
• How much to inspect?
– All, nothing, or a sample

18. Human Factors in
Inspection
•complexity
•defect rate
•repeated inspections
•inspection rate
Inspection should never
be a means of assuring
quality. The purpose of
inspection should be to
gather information to
understand and
improve the processes
that produce products
and services.

19. Gauges and Measuring Instruments
• Variable gauges
• Fixed gauges
• Coordinate
measuring machine
• Vision systems

20. Example of QC: HACCP System
HACCP is referred as the prevention of
hazards rather than finished product
inspection
1. Hazard analysis
2. Critical control points
3. Preventive measures
with critical limits for
each control point
4. Procedures to monitor
the critical control
points
5. Corrective actions when
critical limits are not
met
6. Verification procedures
7. Effective record keeping
and documentation

21. Quality Control in
Services
• Identify important
quality characteristics
– Time, errors, behavior
• Measure and collect
data using check
sheets, check lists, or
other means
• Take corrective action

22. Summary
• important part of quality
management system
• goal is to identify errors
and eliminate them

23. Questions?
• “Quality questions create a quality life.
Successful people ask better questions, and
as a result, they get better answers”
Waqas Ali Tunio

24. Controlling Quality
Waqas Ali Tunio
Pakistan Navy Engineering College (PNEC),
National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) - Pakistan