1. 19th Century Time Line
Alina Mandzyuk

2. Landscape
architect Fredrick
Law Olmstead
spearheaded the
movement for
planned urban
parks. He and George M
Calvert Vaux Pullman finalized
helped draw plan design for the
for what was ‘Pioneer Car’.
selected to Founded Pullman
become Central Palace Car
Park, NYC. Company.
1850 1857 1862 1863
Henry Bessemer Homestead act
and William Kelly was passed by
develop the congress, offering
Bessemer Process, 160 acres of land,
a Technique that free to any citizen
involves injecting air who was head of
into molten Iron to household. From
remove Carbon and 1862 to 1900, over
impurities. 600,000 families
took advantage of
the offer.
Www.archives.gov

3. Colonel Chivington
and troops
descended on the
Cheyenne and
Arapaho on what is
known as the Sand
American Railroad Creek Massacre.
construction Attack was
Company called the performed at dawn
Credit Mobilier was on November 29th,
set up. It was over 150 people
chartered by the were killed, mostly
federal government. women and children.
1863-64 1864 1864 1865
Transcontinental
Railroad was built The term Political
across the western Machine came to
half of US, which height in the US. A
linked existing political Machine is a
railway network with group controlling
eastern US. Atlantic activities of a
and Pacific coasts political party in a
connected for the city, they offered
first time. services to voters in
exchange for
political of financial
support.
Www.manataka.org And www.boardsandbits.com

4. Social Darwinism
Comes to height in
US. Philosophy that
grew out of the
English naturalist
Charles Darwin’s
Theory of Biological Tammany hall is
Evolution. headed by Boss
Economists found it tweed- Tammany
a way to justify the halls graft.
Doctrine of Liassez
Faire.
1866 1866 1867 1868
Buffalo Soldiers
formed on
September 21, 1866 Oliver Hudson
at Fort Leavenworth Kelley is father of
Kansas. They were the order of patrons
originally members of husbandry.
of the US 10th
cavalry regiment of
US army. The
nickname was given
to the “negro
cavalry” by the
African American
tribes they fought.
Synonymous with all
African American
regiments formed in
1866. Www.freemasonry.bcy.ca And www.stratamaxgames.com

5. John D
Rockefellers
Standard Oil
Company processed
2-3% of the
Urbanization takes countries crude oil.
height in the US, as He established the
immigrants move to Rockefeller
US. Cities grow foundation, and
rapidly, mostly in provided funds for
regions of northeast University of
and Midwest. Chicago.
1869 1870 1870 1870
American
entrepreneur and Reformers organize
engineer George Civil Service
Westinghouse, Reform association
invented the railway to secure legislation
air brake and was to make reform
pioneer of electrical permanent.
industry, invented in
1869. He also
established the
Westinghouse Air
brake Company on
September 28, 1869
Www.biography.com.pp And www.time.com/rfeller

6. Eugene V Debbs
was a spokesman
for socialists. In
The Vanderbilt 1875 helped
family gains wealth organize Local
and fame. Cornelius Lodge of the
Vanderbilt was the Brotherhood of
wealthiest Locomotive
industrialist of his Firemen. He also
time. In 1873 he formed the
contributed 1 million American Railway
to Central University. Union.
1871 1873 1874 1875
George A Custer
reports that black
The tweed ring-- hills have gold “from
Boss Tweed was the grass roots
head of Tammany down”, prompts gold
Hall, he led them in rush. He and his
defrauding the city. troops reach Little
In 1871 the tweed Big Horn river and
ring broke. natives already
awaited them, within
an hour Custer and
all his men of the 7th
cavalry were dead.
Www.biography.com.pp And en.wikapedia.org

7. Alexander G Bell
and Thomas
Racial laws called
Watson unveil the
the Jim Crow laws
telephone.
are passed in
Telephone opens
southern states.
the way for a
Made to separate
worldwide
white and black
communications
people in public and
network.
private facilities.
1876 1876 1876 1876
Sitting bull-
“Takanka Lytanka” is
leader of the Sioux. Thomas Alva
He agreed to live on Edison became a
the reservation pioneer on the New
along the Mississippi Industrial Frontier
river. when he established
worlds 1st research
laboratory in Menlo
Park, New Jersey.
Www.Civfanatics32.com And www.pbs.com
Www.civfanatics.com/rb3 And

8. The Gilded age was The Grandfather
a term coined by clause was created
Mark Twain. It was a to reinstate voters
period from the end who may have failed
of reconstruction, literacy test or could
characterized by a not afford the poll
greatly expanding tax. Stated that if
economy and the anyone encountered
emergence of either issue, he
plutocratic could still vote if his
influences in the father or grandfather
government and were eligible to vote
society. before January 1
1876 1877 1877 1877
Literacy tests
Chief Joseph and
created for voters.
his men embark on
Tested ability of
a long march to
reading, only those
Canada. Journey
who passed were
included several
permitted to vote.
imp700 followers
(200 actual warriors)
embarked on a
1,400 impressive
victories against a
US force that
numbered over
2,000 soldiers.
Later, exhausted, he
surrendered, giving
one of the greatest
Www.pinkmonkey.com Www.walking-spirit.com/chief joseph
Www.pinkmonkey.com/amgov
speeches in history.

9. Booker T
The dumbbell Washington was a
tenements were prominent African
The National
introduced. They educator. He
Farmers Alliance
were cheap housing graduated from
was an organized
units, made in effort Virginia Hampton
agrarian movement
to reform. The first Institute. In 1881 he
among American
law that led to them headed the
farmers. It included
was passed in 1879. Tuskegee Normal
the farmers alliance
later proved to be a and Industrial
and industrial union.
failure. Institute.
1877 1879 1880 1881
Poll tax was a
requirement for
voting. It was an
annual tax that had
to be paid before
qualifying to vote.
Often African
Americans and poor
whites prevented
from voting.
Thegildedage.wikispaces.com

10. Joseph Pulitzer
bought “NY world
war” in 1883, he
pioneered popular Mark Twain was a
innovations. The novelist and
paper emphasized humorist. He first
“sin, sex, and used term “gilded
sensation” in age” wrote many
attempt to surpass books, including the
competitor William classic “Adventures
Hearst. of Huckleberry finn”.
1883 1884 1885 1885
Republican political The graft “system
activists who bolted was at height, and
the republican party very common. It was
by supporting an illegal usage of
democrat Grover political influence for
Cleveland in election personal gain.
of 1884 were called
Mugwumps. They
switched because of
financial corruption
associated with
republican James G.
Blaine.
Hfboards.hockeysfuture.com

11. Congress passed
the Dawes Act,
aiming to
“Americanize” native
Americans Many
reservations were
broken. 160 acres of
land were given to
the head of
households, 60 to
Samuel Gompers
those who were
led the Cigar makers
single. Government
International Union
sold remaining
to join with other
reservations to
craft unions.
settlers.
1886 1886 1887 1887
Socialism originates
The Colored
from the intellectual
Farmers Alliance
and working class. It
was an organized
was a political
agrarian movement
movement that
among African
criticized effects of
American farmers in
industrialism and
the south where the
private property on
granger movement
society.
had been strong.
Thegrio.com and www.commons.wikimedia.org

12. George Eastman Jane Adams was a
developed a series pioneer settlement
of more convenient worker, founder of
alternatives to the house in Chicago
heavy glass plates along with Ellen
previously used for Gatesstar, one of
photography. He the first social
introduced his settlements in
Kodak camera 1888. United States.
1888 1889 1889 1890
Jacob Riis was a Battle of the
Danish American wounded knee took
social reformer place in December.
known for Custers 7th cavalry
photographic and slaughtered 300
journalistic talents to unarmed native
help impoverished in Americans Brought
NYC. Photographed the Indian wars/era
the slums. to a bitter end.
Sparticus.schoolnet.co.uk feministezine.com

13. Collective
bargaining
becomes a “famous”
process of
Ida B Wells was negotiations
born into slavery, between a group of
later moved to employers aimed at
Memphis where she reaching
worked as a teacher. agreements to
She was later the regulate working
editor of a local conditions, a
paper and wrote technique used for
about racial justice. expanding industry.
1890 1890 1890 1890
Melting Pot was a Sherman anti trust
term becoming more act made it illegal to
common. More form trusts that
immigrants were interfered with free
coming in, etc. This trade between the
term described US states and other
as a land of different countries.
people and cultures.
Www.nativenotes.net Www.themanjimmy.blogspot.com

14. Omaha platform, a
populist party, grew
out of a agrarian
W.E.B Dubois was
revolt that rose
the first African
because of the
American to receive
collapse of the
a doctorate from
agriculture prices
Harvard. Later on
following the panic
He founded the
in1873.
Niagara Movement.
1891 1892 1892 1895
Settlement houses Ellis Island, New York
were established by harbor, a immigration
a few reformers. station that was
They were moved from Castle
community centers garden NY.
in slum
neighborhoods that
provided assistance
for that area.
Www.Uic.edu www.Italianamericanstudies.org

15. Andrew Carnegie
was one of the first
industrialists to
make his own
William McKinley fortune. Started with
was nominated by William Jennings nothing. Entered
the republicans to Bryan ran against steel business in
run against William William M. He 1873, in 1899 the
Jennings Bryan. Had received a low Carnegie steel
millions of backing number of votes, company
funds, received and delivered an manufactured more
about 7 million impassioned speech steel than all
votes, became pres.. called the “cross of companies in Great
gold”. Britain.
1896 1896 1896 1899
In the Plessy vs.
Ferguson case,
supreme court rules
separation of races
in public was legal
and did not violate
the 14th amendment.
It Permitted
segregation.
Www.whitehouse.gov/25

16. Construction for
Debt pionage
Angel island starts.
forced some
It was an
Mexicans and
immigration station
African Americans to
for primarily the
work in order to pay
Chinese. More harsh
off debt to
condition than those
employers.
of Ellis Island.
1899 1902 1903 1905
Orville brothers
October 1899 Edwin experimented with
Milton Royle hailed new engines
Vaudeville Theatre powerful enough to
as “an American keep in air. On
invention”. December 17, in
Vaudeville had Kitty Hawk NC they
sophisticated had the first
musicals, successful flight. It
performances, etc covered 120 ft and
lasted 12 seconds.
Www2.uwrf.edu www.myjetreview.com/kittyhawk1 www. Immigration.procon.org