not much detail

1. FUNCTIONAL FIBRES AND
TEXTILES
Aliasgar Mandsaurwala
60011115028

2. Types of fibres…
 Natural fibres
 Man-made fibres
 Inorganic fibres
 Functional fibres
 Nano fibres
 Biocomponent fibres

3. High Performance
Fiber & High Functional
Fiber

4. Ceramic fibres…
 Used as refractory fibers in uses over 1000°C.
 Used for thermal insulation at high temperatures and to make special
composites.
 Very expensive fibers because only a small quantity is produced.

5. Melamine…
 Fiberforming substance is a synthetic polymer composed of at least 50% by
weight of a cross-linked melamine polymer.
 Known for its inherent thermal resistance and outstanding heat blocking
capability in direct flame applications.
 It is used to designed for direct flame contact and elevated temperature
exposures.

6. Super absorbent fibre…
 Their outstanding properties in a wide range of medical products have been
recognized. The product is marketed as “OASIS”.
 Small diameter of the fibers, which is about 30 microns, gives a very high
surface area for contact with the liquid.
 Used in medical product.

7. Bicomponent fibre…
 This fiber is a type of island in-the-sea.
 This type of fiber should be ideal for filtration applications both in woven and
nonwoven construction

8. Spectra Fiber 1000: - High-strength,
Lightweight Polyethylene Fiber..
 10 times stronger than steel, that is 40 percent greater than aramid fiber.
 It is used in Police and military ballistic vests and helmets, armor for vehicles
and aircraft, Marine lines.

9. Super Polyethylene Fiber
 Very high tenacity, high modulus polyethylene fiber even higher than Kevlar
 The method involves both spinning and drawing in which is a dilute solutions
of high molecular weight is extruded into water to form a gel like soft fiber.
 Which is then heated and drawn out about 30 times in original length.

10. Micro fibre…
 Finer than any conventional fiber First used in functional sportswear.
 Usually made of polyester, polyamide or acrylic – with liters in the range of
0.5 to 1.2 dtex (1dtex, meaning that one gram of fiber is 10,000 meters long).
 Clothing is not sensitive retaining its positive qualities after washing our
cleaning.

11. Perfumed Fibers…
 Made up of fibers to which resin – made microcapsules of 5-10m in diameter
containing perfume essence are bound when the microcapsules are pressed
and broken, the perfume is released.
 The Esprit de fibers can be used in scarves, T- shirts, handkerchiefs, hand
knitting wools, stocking etc.

12. Bio-degradable fibers

13. Alginate fibres…
 Used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals and textiles.
 Alginate name come from “align”.
 The unique properties of alginate and its derivatives have found applications
where thickening, suspending, emulsifying, and stabilizing and gel formation
is required.

14. Bacterial Cellulose
 The bacterial strain produces a gel like material containing fine cellulose
fiber, which is too thin.
 It is used as an artificial blood vessel for microsurgery. Also used to make
artificial leather, skin substitute and wound healing bandages.

15. Bacterial Polyester
 Examples: Alcaligences species Bacterial polyesters poly(hydroxyalkanoates)
(PHAs), with poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB).
 Advantages include production from fully renewable resources rather fast and
complete biodegradability, biocompatibility, and excellent strength and
stiffness, which favor this material as a polymer of the future, bacillus
species, photosynthetic bacteria and blue green algae.
 Poly (hydroxybutyrate) fibers were considered to be mainly used for
production of scaffolds, surgical sutures, repair the bone fracture and etc

16. Chitosan Fibers
 Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that is derived from chitin.
 Properties are useful for wound treatment and it also used as excellent
material for healing wounds.

17. Spider Silk
 Spider silk is up to 5 times stronger than steel of the same diameter.
 Spider silk is so elastic that it doesn't break even if stretched 2-4 times its
length. Spider silk is also waterproof, and doesn't break at temperatures as
low as -40C.

18. Nanofibres

19. Electrospinning…
 Product is a nonwoven fiber mat that is composed of tiny fibres with
diameters between 50 nanometres and 10 microns.
 Potential uses for electro-spun fibres are in filtration, wound dressings, tissue
engineering, nanocomposites, drug delivery devices and sensors.

20. Carbon nanotube ‘nanofibres’…
 Some of the possible applications for the new yarns include:
 Structural composites that are strong, tough and able to reduce mechanical vibrations.
 Protective clothing that provides antiballistic and static-discharge protection, as well as radio
and microwave frequency absorption.
 Supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells in the form of yarn structures that are weaveable
into textiles for storing or generating electrical energy.
 Chemically or electrically powered artificial muscles for prosthetics and robots, morphing air
vehicles and minimally invasive catheters with enhanced functionality for medical
applications.
 Electrical wiring and distributed sensors for electronic textiles.
 Heat pipes that provide both structural reinforcement and heat dissipation.
 High intensity source of field-emitted electrons for intense fluorescent lights and displays, as
well as X-ray sources small enough to fit in a medical catheter.
 Filaments for incandescent light sources with decreased susceptibility to mechanical damage
because of yarn toughness and mechanical damping ability.

21. Nylon nanofibers…
 Diameter of 60 microns. It is a bundle of more than 1.4 million fibres, each
just dozens of nanometers in diameter.
 Water seeps through the spaces between these fibers, which is what makes
the material so absorbent.
 Strong and supple and easy to process as regular nylon, but with two to three
times the ability to absorb moisture.

22. Nanocomposite fibres…
 polymer nanocomposites with as little as 2 vol% addition exhibit large
increases in tensile strength (>40%), tensile modulus (>70%), flexural strength
(>60%), flexural modulus (>125%) and heat distortion temperature (from 65°
to 150°C) without any significant loss of impact resistance (≤10%).
 They also lower water sensitivity, permeability to gases and thermal co-
efficient of expansion values.
 By contrast, conventional polymer composites show poor ductility and
mouldability with degradation and inferior surface smoothness and are
difficult to process as films or fibres.

23. THANK YOU