Metaverse Global Trend & Vision.pdf

1. Metaverse Metaverse Metaverse Metaverse Technology Innovation Technology Innovation gy gy Business Development Business Development I t t I t t Investment Investment Global Trend & Vision Global Trend & Vision Global Trend & Vision Global Trend & Vision July 13 2022 July 13 2022 July 13, 2022 July 13, 2022 Alex G. Lee Alex G. Lee ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved www.techipm.com e G ee e G ee

2. Speaker Alex G. Lee, Ph.D., Esq., CLP (https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexgeunholee/), is an emerging IT/digital technology innovation, IP development, and sustainable b i t t t ith 30 i i th Hi h T h i d t business strategy expert with 30 years experience in the High Tech industry. He is a CEO and principal consultant at TechIPm, LLC, partner at Vincula Group, a New York State attorney, US patent attorney. He is a founder of the Enterprise/Industrial Metaverse Forum : Digital Twins+AI+Blockchain+IoT+XR Enterprise/Industrial Metaverse Forum : Digital Twins+AI+Blockchain+IoT+XR Convergence and ESG+Digital Transformation (ESGDX). Alex holds a Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins University, a J.D. from the Suffolk University Law School and an executive certificate in strategy and innovation from MIT Sloan School, and an executive certificate in strategy and innovation from MIT Sloan School of Management. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

3. I. Metaverse Digital Revolution Metaverse Revolution Imperatives Agenda p Metaverse Present and Future Infographics Metaverse Industry Applications II. Metaverse Technology Innovation gy Why Metaverse Now? Meta Metaverse XR Device Prototypes Apple Metaverse XR Device Insights from Patents Roblox Metaverse Game Platform Innovation Insights from Patents g Digital Twin Innovation Insights from Patents Metaverse Patents Development Boom 3D Metaverse Space Development: 3D Rendering 3D Metaverse Space Development: 2D to 3D Translation p p 3D Metaverse Object Development: 2D to 3D Conversion Interactive Experience Design: Multi-Sensory Perception Virtual Product Development: NFT Digital Assets Meatavere Application Development: Retail Shopping pp p pp g Meatavere Application Development: Automotive Showroom Meatavere Application Development: Tour Meatavere Application Development: Meeting Meatavere Application Development: Smart Factory ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved pp p y Metaverse Enterprise Platform Metaverse Enterprise Platform System Components

4. III. Metaverse Business Development: Metaverse BM & Investment Experience Economy Agenda Metaverse User Experiences (MUXs) Metaverse BM Innovation for New Experience Economy Metaverse Angel/VC Investors IV. Metaverse Economic System NFT Functions and Legal Status NFT + DeFi Convergence Metaverse Economic System Components Metaverse Economic System Architecture V. Metaverse + ESG Convergence ESG/Sustainability Imperative Metaverse Renewable Energy System Management Metaverse Factory for Sustainable Manufacturing/Supply Chain Metaverse for Sustainable Smart City Development Metaverse NFT/DeFi Based Sustainable Financing Designing Sustainable Metaverse Experiences (SMXs) Metaverse Impact on Environment Metaverse Impact on People/Society ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

7. Metaverse Present and Future Infographics Metaverse = Physical + Virtual Converged World Metaverse = Physical + Virtual Converged World Physical World Physical World ( ) ( ) S ( ) S ( ) Virtual World Virtual World Vi li [ Vi li [N N Ti (A ) Ti (A ) N N S (Di i l S (Di i l People can interact freely in a People can interact freely in a variety of ways and forms with variety of ways and forms with one another, digital objects, one another, digital objects, robots and environments for a robots and environments for a Technology Innovation Technology Innovation Reality Technology Innovation Reality Technology Innovation Reality Technology Innovation Reality Technology Innovation Reality: [ Reality: [Time (Events) Time (Events) – – Space (Places) Space (Places) – – Matter (Substances) Matter (Substances)] ] Virtuality [ Virtuality [No No- -Time (Autonomous) Time (Autonomous) – – No No- -Space (Digital Space (Digital Places) Places) – – No No- -Matter (Dematerialization) Matter (Dematerialization)] ] Me Me Surrogate Surrogate Robot Robot robots, and environments for a robots, and environments for a variety of variety of metaverse metaverse experiences experiences: : Immersive experience Enhanced emotional (fantasy/sensation/sense of presence) experience NFT NFT Creator Economy Creator Economy Virtual Goods/Land Sale Virtual Goods/Land Sale XR Devices, HCI, Digital Senses XR Devices, HCI, Digital Senses XR Devices, HCI, Digital Senses XR Devices, HCI, Digital Senses You You Digital People/Objects/Places/Environments Digital People/Objects/Places/Environments Digital Me (Avatar) Digital Me (Avatar) Digital You Digital You Active interaction experience Real to virtual/Virtual to real cross connected experience Creative community participation (co-creation) experience commerce/monetization AI Digital Human Innovation AI Digital Human Innovation AI Digital Human Innovation AI Digital Human Innovation Augmented Virtuality: [ Augmented Virtuality: [No No- -Time (Autonomous) Time (Autonomous) – – No No- -Space (Digital Space (Digital Places) Places) – – Matter (Substances) Matter (Substances)] ] Augmented Virtuality: [ Augmented Virtuality: [No No- -Time (Autonomous) Time (Autonomous) – – No No- -Space (Digital Space (Digital Places) Places) – – Matter (Substances) Matter (Substances)] ] Augmented Reality: Augmented Reality: [ [Time (Events) Time (Events) – – Space Space (Places) (Places) – – No No- -Matter Matter (Dematerialization) (Dematerialization)] ] Augmented Reality: Augmented Reality: [ [Time (Events) Time (Events) – – Space Space (Places) (Places) – – No No- -Matter Matter (Dematerialization) (Dematerialization)] ] Physical Twin Physical Twin Digital Twin Digital Twin 3D GPS NAVI 3D GPS NAVI commerce/monetization experience Massive sharing/engagement experience Metaverse Tour Metaverse Tour Metaverse Applications Metaverse Applications ICT/Digital Technology Innovation ICT/Digital Technology Innovation ICT/Digital Technology Innovation ICT/Digital Technology Innovation 5G 5G IoT IoT Spatial Spatial C i C i 5G 5G IoT IoT Spatial Spatial C i C i y y g g Real Real- -time time data flow data flow Mirrored Virtuality: [ Mirrored Virtuality: [Time (Events) Time (Events) – – No No- -Space (Digital Places) Space (Digital Places) – – No No- - Matter (Dematerialization) Matter (Dematerialization)] ] Mirrored Virtuality: [ Mirrored Virtuality: [Time (Events) Time (Events) – – No No- -Space (Digital Places) Space (Digital Places) – – No No- - Matter (Dematerialization) Matter (Dematerialization)] ] Meta Horizon Worlds Meta Horizon Worlds Microsoft Mesh Microsoft Mesh Augmented Reality + Augmented Reality + Mirrored Virtuality Mirrored Virtuality Augmented Reality + Augmented Reality + Mirrored Virtuality Mirrored Virtuality M t C M t C Computing Computing Computing Computing Decentralization Technology Innovation Decentralization Technology Innovation Decentralization Technology Innovation Decentralization Technology Innovation Mixed Reality = Mixed Reality = Augmented (Reality Augmented (Reality + Virtuality) + Virtuality) Mixed Reality = Mixed Reality = Augmented (Reality Augmented (Reality + Virtuality) + Virtuality) Physical Virtuality: [ Physical Virtuality: [Time (Events) Time (Events) – – No No- - Space (Digital Places) Space (Digital Places) – – Matter Matter (Substances) (Substances)] or Mirrored Virtuality ] or Mirrored Virtuality Physical Virtuality: [ Physical Virtuality: [Time (Events) Time (Events) – – No No- - Space (Digital Places) Space (Digital Places) – – Matter Matter (Substances) (Substances)] or Mirrored Virtuality ] or Mirrored Virtuality Mirrored Virtuality Mirrored Virtuality Mirrored Virtuality Mirrored Virtuality Warped Reality: Warped Reality: [ [No No Time Time Warped Reality: Warped Reality: [ [No No Time Time Alternate Reality: Alternate Reality: [ [No No Time Time Alternate Reality: Alternate Reality: [ [No No Time Time Internet of Metaverse Internet of Metaverse Metaverse Commerce Metaverse Commerce Metaverse Building Engine Innovation Metaverse Building Engine Innovation Metaverse Building Engine Innovation Metaverse Building Engine Innovation 3D Modeling 3D Modeling 3D Modeling 3D Modeling ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved [ [No No- -Time Time (Autonomous) (Autonomous) – – Space (Places) Space (Places) – – Matter (Substances) Matter (Substances)] ] [ [No No- -Time Time (Autonomous) (Autonomous) – – Space (Places) Space (Places) – – Matter (Substances) Matter (Substances)] ] [ [No No- -Time Time (Autonomous) (Autonomous) – – Space Space (Places) (Places) – – No No- -Matter Matter (Dematerialization) (Dematerialization)] ] [ [No No- -Time Time (Autonomous) (Autonomous) – – Space Space (Places) (Places) – – No No- -Matter Matter (Dematerialization) (Dematerialization)] ] GIS GIS GIS GIS

9. Metaverse Industry Applications Fashion Fashion Retail Retail Consumer Consumer Electronics Electronics Entertainment/ Entertainment/ Media Media Travel Travel Education Education Ralph Lauren virtual Ralph Lauren virtual Polo Shop@Roblox Polo Shop@Roblox https://www.roblox.co https://www.roblox.co m/ralphlauren m/ralphlauren Ralph Lauren virtual Ralph Lauren virtual Polo Shop@Roblox Polo Shop@Roblox https://www.roblox.co https://www.roblox.co m/ralphlauren m/ralphlauren Streetify virtual Streetify virtual shopping mall shopping mall https://www.streetify.c https://www.streetify.c om/ om/ Streetify virtual Streetify virtual shopping mall shopping mall https://www.streetify.c https://www.streetify.c om/ om/ Samsung 837X Virture Samsung 837X Virture Store@Decentraland Store@Decentraland Samsung 837X Virture Samsung 837X Virture Store@Decentraland Store@Decentraland Disney metaverse theme Disney metaverse theme Disney metaverse theme Disney metaverse theme Faroe Islands virtual tour Faroe Islands virtual tour https://www.remote https://www.remote- - tourism.com/ tourism.com/ Faroe Islands virtual tour Faroe Islands virtual tour https://www.remote https://www.remote- - tourism.com/ tourism.com/ Seoul National University Seoul National University Hospital virtual surgical Hospital virtual surgical training training Seoul National University Seoul National University Hospital virtual surgical Hospital virtual surgical training training NIKELAND virtual NIKELAND virtual showroom @Roblox showroom @Roblox NIKELAND virtual NIKELAND virtual showroom @Roblox showroom @Roblox Target AR shopping Target AR shopping https://www target co https://www target co Target AR shopping Target AR shopping https://www target co https://www target co Store@Decentraland Store@Decentraland https://www.samsung. https://www.samsung. com/us/explore/metave com/us/explore/metave rse rse- -837x/ 837x/ Store@Decentraland Store@Decentraland https://www.samsung. https://www.samsung. com/us/explore/metave com/us/explore/metave rse rse- -837x/ 837x/ park park https://www.thecoinrepubl https://www.thecoinrepubl ic.com/2022/01/10/disney ic.com/2022/01/10/disney- - patents patents- -new new- -technology technology- - a a- -step step- -closer closer- -to to- -its its- -own own- - theme theme- -park park- -metaverse/ metaverse/ park park https://www.thecoinrepubl https://www.thecoinrepubl ic.com/2022/01/10/disney ic.com/2022/01/10/disney- - patents patents- -new new- -technology technology- - a a- -step step- -closer closer- -to to- -its its- -own own- - theme theme- -park park- -metaverse/ metaverse/ Louvre Museum virtual tour Louvre Museum virtual tour https://petitegalerie louvre f https://petitegalerie louvre f Louvre Museum virtual tour Louvre Museum virtual tour https://petitegalerie louvre f https://petitegalerie louvre f g g http://www.koreabiomed.com http://www.koreabiomed.com g g http://www.koreabiomed.com http://www.koreabiomed.com Healthcare Healthcare https://www.roblox.co https://www.roblox.co m/nikeland m/nikeland https://www.roblox.co https://www.roblox.co m/nikeland m/nikeland Automotive Automotive https://www.target.co https://www.target.co m/c/see m/c/see- -it it- -in in- -your your- - space/ space/- -/N /N- -9ciy7 9ciy7 https://www.target.co https://www.target.co m/c/see m/c/see- -it it- -in in- -your your- - space/ space/- -/N /N- -9ciy7 9ciy7 Samsung home Samsung home appliances appliances showroom@ZEPETO showroom@ZEPETO https://gpweb.zepeto.i https://gpweb.zepeto.i / / t/373834867 / / t/373834867 Samsung home Samsung home appliances appliances showroom@ZEPETO showroom@ZEPETO https://gpweb.zepeto.i https://gpweb.zepeto.i / / t/373834867 / / t/373834867 Warner Music virtual Warner Music virtual concert@Sandbox concert@Sandbox Warner Music virtual Warner Music virtual concert@Sandbox concert@Sandbox https://petitegalerie.louvre.f https://petitegalerie.louvre.f r/ r/ https://petitegalerie.louvre.f https://petitegalerie.louvre.f r/ r/ Real Estate Real Estate Health Unchained blockchain Health Unchained blockchain based metaverse hospital chain based metaverse hospital chain https://healthunchained.org/ https://healthunchained.org/ Health Unchained blockchain Health Unchained blockchain based metaverse hospital chain based metaverse hospital chain https://healthunchained.org/ https://healthunchained.org/ M f t i M f t i Gucci Garden Experience Gucci Garden Experience Lands@Roblox Lands@Roblox https://blog.roblox.com/202 https://blog.roblox.com/202 1/05/gucci 1/05/gucci- -garden garden- - experience/ experience/ Gucci Garden Experience Gucci Garden Experience Lands@Roblox Lands@Roblox https://blog.roblox.com/202 https://blog.roblox.com/202 1/05/gucci 1/05/gucci- -garden garden- - experience/ experience/ Hyundai Mobility Hyundai Mobility Adventure@Roblox Adventure@Roblox https://www.roblox.co https://www.roblox.co m/games/7280776979/ m/games/7280776979/ Hyundai Mobility Hyundai Mobility Adventure@Roblox Adventure@Roblox https://www.roblox.co https://www.roblox.co m/games/7280776979/ m/games/7280776979/ o/user/post/373834867 o/user/post/373834867 ?sc=GRFUMC ?sc=GRFUMC o/user/post/373834867 o/user/post/373834867 ?sc=GRFUMC ?sc=GRFUMC Banking Banking concert@Sandbox concert@Sandbox https://indianexpress.com/articl https://indianexpress.com/articl e/technology/crypto/warner e/technology/crypto/warner- - music music- -group group- -to to- -launch launch- - concert concert- -theme theme- -park park- -in in- -the the- - sandbox sandbox- -metaverse metaverse- -7746149/ 7746149/ concert@Sandbox concert@Sandbox https://indianexpress.com/articl https://indianexpress.com/articl e/technology/crypto/warner e/technology/crypto/warner- - music music- -group group- -to to- -launch launch- - concert concert- -theme theme- -park park- -in in- -the the- - sandbox sandbox- -metaverse metaverse- -7746149/ 7746149/ Sports Sports BNP Paribas virtual real BNP Paribas virtual real estate service estate service https://www.realestate.bn https://www.realestate.bn pparibas.com/virtual pparibas.com/virtual- - reality reality- -vr vr- -and and- -augmented augmented- - reality reality- -ar ar- -real real- -estate estate BNP Paribas virtual real BNP Paribas virtual real estate service estate service https://www.realestate.bn https://www.realestate.bn pparibas.com/virtual pparibas.com/virtual- - reality reality- -vr vr- -and and- -augmented augmented- - reality reality- -ar ar- -real real- -estate estate Manufacturing Manufacturing Balenciaga fassion Balenciaga fassion show@Fortnite show@Fortnite Balenciaga fassion Balenciaga fassion show@Fortnite show@Fortnite m/games/7280776979/ m/games/7280776979/ Hyundai Hyundai- -Mobility Mobility- - Adventure Adventure m/games/7280776979/ m/games/7280776979/ Hyundai Hyundai- -Mobility Mobility- - Adventure Adventure JP Morgan Onyx JP Morgan Onyx bank@Decentraland bank@Decentraland https://decentraland or https://decentraland or JP Morgan Onyx JP Morgan Onyx bank@Decentraland bank@Decentraland https://decentraland or https://decentraland or Sports Sports D ll C b AR St di D ll C b AR St di D ll C b AR St di D ll C b AR St di y y y y Restaurant Restaurant BMW metaverse factory BMW metaverse factory https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2 https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2 021/04/13/nvidia 021/04/13/nvidia- -bmw bmw- -factory factory- - future/ future/ BMW metaverse factory BMW metaverse factory https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2 https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2 021/04/13/nvidia 021/04/13/nvidia- -bmw bmw- -factory factory- - future/ future/ Metaverse NFT Projects AT Metaverse NFT Projects AT A Glance: A Glance: Metaverse NFT Projects AT Metaverse NFT Projects AT A Glance: A Glance: ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved show@Fortnite show@Fortnite https://www.epicgames.com https://www.epicgames.com /fortnite/en /fortnite/en- -US/news/high US/news/high- - digital digital- -fashion fashion- -drops drops- -into into- - fortnite fortnite- -with with- -balenciaga balenciaga show@Fortnite show@Fortnite https://www.epicgames.com https://www.epicgames.com /fortnite/en /fortnite/en- -US/news/high US/news/high- - digital digital- -fashion fashion- -drops drops- -into into- - fortnite fortnite- -with with- -balenciaga balenciaga Acur virtual showroom Acur virtual showroom https://acuraverse.com https://acuraverse.com / / Acur virtual showroom Acur virtual showroom https://acuraverse.com https://acuraverse.com / / https://decentraland.or https://decentraland.or g/ g/ https://decentraland.or https://decentraland.or g/ g/ Dallas Cowboys AR Stadium Dallas Cowboys AR Stadium https://nexusstudios.com/insi https://nexusstudios.com/insi ght/seeing ght/seeing- -lens lens- -enhanced enhanced- - locations/ locations/ Dallas Cowboys AR Stadium Dallas Cowboys AR Stadium https://nexusstudios.com/insi https://nexusstudios.com/insi ght/seeing ght/seeing- -lens lens- -enhanced enhanced- - locations/ locations/ Chipotle virtual Chipotle virtual restaurant@Roblox restaurant@Roblox https://www.roblox.com/g https://www.roblox.com/g ames/7603178367/Chipotl ames/7603178367/Chipotl e e- -Boorito Boorito- -Maze Maze Chipotle virtual Chipotle virtual restaurant@Roblox restaurant@Roblox https://www.roblox.com/g https://www.roblox.com/g ames/7603178367/Chipotl ames/7603178367/Chipotl e e- -Boorito Boorito- -Maze Maze A Glance: A Glance: https://www.slideshare.net/ https://www.slideshare.net/ alexglee/metaverse alexglee/metaverse- -nft nft- - projects projects- -at at- -a a- -glance glance A Glance: A Glance: https://www.slideshare.net/ https://www.slideshare.net/ alexglee/metaverse alexglee/metaverse- -nft nft- - projects projects- -at at- -a a- -glance glance

14. Reference: Metaverse Infrastructure Standardization Requirements Meta not only spoke about the need to achieve high speeds and low latency, but also emphasized the need for industry cooperation to develop common t d d i “ i l d it l ” standards, since “no single company can do it alone.” Creating next-generation metaverse-ready networks will require cross- optimization of all network infrastructure components optimization of all network infrastructure components. This requires the development of common parameters for measuring and evaluating the readiness for use of the metaverse For example it is necessary evaluating the readiness for use of the metaverse. For example, it is necessary to provide an industry-wide definition of high-performance networks and general parameters for measuring the quality of user experience. It is also necessary to determine the ratio of the assessment of these parameters in relation to each p other. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

15. Why Metaverse Now? The metaverse concept is not a new one. Back in 1992, Neal Stephenson's novel Snow Crash coined the term metaverse for the first time My recent patent research about the Crash coined the term metaverse for the first time. My recent patent research about the metaverse technology innovation also showed a long history of the metaverse technology innovation. My patent research also showed that there were active innovation activities around 2007-2010. Why, then, the metaverse revives now? HBS Professor Marco Iansiti , the author of “The Keystone Advantage,” suggested technological assimilation as a new engine for technological innovations in his article “Creative Construction.” In the technological assimilation frameworks, a core innovation that once provided stand-alone products or services for a specific market can be the building blocks for mass market generating innovation through assimilation to broader platforms and exploitation of innovation infrastructures that were not existed at the time of innovation. of innovation. Therefore, if we consider the integration of broader platforms such as smartphones, 3D computing, XR devices, digital twins, cloud computing and innovation infrastructures h AI bl k h i I T d 5G i t th t i b t ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved such as AI, blockchain, IoT and 5G into the metaverse, we can give an answer about the “why metaverse now” based on the technological assimilation.

16. Meta Metaverse XR Device Prototypes 1. Auto focusing function for dynamically change retinal focal depth (for high retinal resolution 3D view) retinal resolution 3D view) 2. Dynamic distortion correction software 3. Ulta-high brightness display (Starburst) 4. Flatter slim and lighter lens using holographic optics and polarized reflection (Hollowcake 2) For details please see the following videos. Meta VR Headset Research Prototypes: Butterscotch, Starburst, Holocake 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KDUP14Y12Is Mark Zuckerberg's Inside the Lab Opening Remarks: Mark Zuckerberg's Inside the Lab Opening Remarks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zHDkdkqd1I ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

17. Apple Metaverse XR Device Insights from Patents Design Pair of glasses that a variety of different components and functions to achieve the results g y p that are desired by a user. The modular configurations allow a user to easily customize with arm modules to provide features that integrate with other operations of the frame module: US20200201042 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20200201042) Display Display 3D display that scans images, pixel by pixel, and project directly onto the user’s retinas, which can mitigate the accommodation-convergence mismatch problems that cause eyestrain, headaches, or nausea. Dynamic focusing technology dynamically and correctly focus each pixel in VR images as the images are being scanned to the user’s eyes. This will enable for a use to wear for many hours: US20210344889 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20210344889) Adaptive display that adapts to the user’s eye and surroundings: US20210134245 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20210134245) Control Eye-tracking control for detecting position and movements of a user's eyes It enables gaze tracking Eye tracking control for detecting position and movements of a user s eyes. It enables gaze tracking to control the device without using touch: US20210041948 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20210041948) XR (Extended Reality) Capability Mixed reality provides 3D virtual views of a user's environment augmented with virtual content: 20190221044 (htt // t t l / t t/US20190221044) 20190221044 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20190221044) Power-aware virtual/augmented reality technology for saving battery powers: US11163417(https://patents.google.com/patent/US11163417) Enhanced reality for attenuating correspondence between a virtual object in an enhanced reality setting and a physical object: US20210325974 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20210325974) ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved ( p p g g p ) 3D spatial audio for auralization of virtual environments in real-time to simulates the feeling of a real-world environment to heighten immersive experiences: US11170139 (https://patents.google.com/patent/US11170139)

18. Roblox Metaverse Game Platform Innovation Insights from Patents To find the technology innovation status of Roblox, a key player in metaverse game platform development, patent applications of Roblox as of 3Q 2021 are ga e p at o de e op e t, pate t app cat o s o ob o as o 3Q 0 a e searched and reviewed. Total of 91 published patent applications (include 56 granted patents) in the USPTO and WIPO are selected for detail analysis. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

19. Digital Twin Innovation Insights from Patents Patents that specifically describe the major digital twin technologies/applications are a good indicator of the digital twin technology innovations in a specific innovation entity. To good indicator of the digital twin technology innovations in a specific innovation entity. To find the digital twin technology innovation status, patent applications in the USPTO as of 3Q 2021 that specifically describe the major technologies/applications in digital twin are searched and reviewed. 190 published patent applications that are related to the key di it l t i t h l i ti l t d f d t il l i digital twin technology innovation are selected for detail analysis. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

20. Reference: Digital Twin Types A product digital twin is created when a new product is designed. The product digital twin enables the functionality validation of the new product. A production process digital twin is a virtual model of the production process. The production process digital twin can be used to predict the behavior and to optimize the performance of the production process performance of the production process. A digital reality of a human is called a digital human, and can be created by a 3D avatar integrating with artificial intelligent (AI) or data modeling of human with respect medical or mental or physical characteristics. A digital twin of an organization (DTO)–developed by Gartner–is a realistic digital representation of any organization‘s operation of its business model representation of any organization s operation of its business model ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

22. 3D Metaverse Space Development: 3D Rendering 3D rendering enables a creation of a metaverse space (digital scene). In integration with XR technology 3D rendering creates a link between reality and integration with XR technology , 3D rendering creates a link between reality and virtuality and enhances people's sense of immersive experience in a metaverse space for a variety of metaverse applications. US20210074052 (Samsung Electronics) illustrates a 3D rendering method. Problem: How to effectively sample points in a 3D scene and to more quickly perform a 3D rendering with a low complexity without a decrease in a quality of a rendering result image. Solution: A neural network-based deep learning model is trained on results obtained by simulations of various rendering conditions through a training process and a 3D rendering is performed using the trained deep learning ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved process, and a 3D rendering is performed using the trained deep learning model during a real 3D rendering.

23. 3D Metaverse Space Development: 2D to 3D Translation Metaverse is a new way for people to use the internet by transforming it from 2D to 3D If we can translate 2D webpage into a 3D space and web content into 2D to 3D. If we can translate 2D webpage into a 3D space and web content into 3D objects, users can walk around inside and interact with other users. Users can interact with the web content virtually and immerse themselves in the virtual space. space. US20190005716 (Janus Vr Inc) illustrates a method for translating a legacy 2D web page into a 3D virtual reality immersive space. Problem: While web pages were originally designed to represent a 3D real- world, all web contents are generally laid out in as regions on a 2D page using a HTML. Conventional approaches to add spatiality to the internet are to essentially adapt HTML and Document Object Model (DOM) to represent a 3D space. Solution: The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming API for HTML documents. It defines the logical structure of documents and the way a document is accessed and manipulated A solution is to extract DOM elements ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved document is accessed and manipulated. A solution is to extract DOM elements from the legacy web page and place DOM elements into the 3D VR immersive space

24. 3D Metaverse Object Development: 2D to 3D Conversion Metaverse experience platform supports use of virtual 3D objects that mimic physical objects within a 3D virtual space Users can design and introduce physical objects within a 3D virtual space. Users can design and introduce various categories of virtual objects, e.g., products and vehicles. Users also can create, design, and/or customize new objects. US20220068007 (Roblox) illustrates a method for 3D objects from corresponding 2D images within a virtual environment. Problem: Prior approaches cannot make the metaverse experience platform operators accurate, timely, and computationally efficient for generation of 3D object representations that are usable within a virtual environment. Solution: The trained machine learning models to generate automatically a 3D reconstruction as a useable and practical 3D object from 2D images of an object can be used ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved object can be used.

25. Interactive Experience Design: Multi-Sensory Perception Multi-sensory data (visual, auditory, olfactory, tasting, and tactile), in combination with 3D visualization of a variety of humans and objects can be combination with 3D visualization of a variety of humans and objects, can be used to create a comprehensive user-specific platform which can be used to simulate the real-life experience an individual end-user would have with the local environment and various objects contained within it. local environment and various objects contained within it. US20190011700 illustrates a customizable 3D interactive visualization method and multi-sensory system. Problem: Primary sensory input is visual in nature, and the use of 3D techniques to produce 3D visualization of a variety of subject matter including humans and objects is not yet commonplace. Solution: By integrating the computerized multi-sensory technologies (e.g., biological sensors image capturing devices and environmental sensors) with biological sensors, image-capturing devices and environmental sensors) with 3D virtual imagery (i.e., holograms), one can effectively create a virtual human, capable of experiencing a myriad of user and context-specific sensory interactions with the local environment ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved interactions with the local environment.

26. Virtual Product Development: NFT Digital Assets A non-fungible token (NFT) for representing a digital good (asset) can be associated with a physical good. For example, NFTs allow users to create or purchase digital fashion goods (clothing, shoes, hats, watches, jewelry, and so forth) from sellers, where the digital goods can be used, store, or exchange by the user. These digital goods can be stored within a standard Web3 wallet (e.g. M t M k) MetaMask). US20200273048 (Nike) illustrates a secured digital goods for retail products digital goods for retail products. Problem: Within the digital realm, anti-counterfeiting techniques than can help identify counterfeit digital goods and to prevent illicit sales of such counterfeits identify counterfeit digital goods and to prevent illicit sales of such counterfeits are essential. Counterfeits complicate a brand owner's ability to control the exclusivity of a digital goods, and thus, have influence regarding the value of that goods. g Solution: For a purchase of an authentic, tangible good, a corresponding digital good with a unique physical good ID code of the physical good linked to a ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved unique owner ID code of the buyer can be provided using ERC 721 or ERC1155 NFT to access, breed, and transact the digital good.

27. Meatavere Application Development: Retail Shopping US20180121997 (Walmart) illustrates a virtual shopping environment that avatar representing the user can interact with a certain type of 3D virtual products (apparel, representing the user can interact with a certain type of 3D virtual products (apparel, shoes, watches, jewelry, cosmetics, etc.). The customer can input measurements of the customer’s body scan to show how the customer avatar appears in conjunction with a specific product (virtual fitting/make-up try-on). The customer's avatar can be displayed i j ti ith th l t d it i i t l ( t) i ith i 360 in conjunction with the selected items via a virtual (smart) mirror with a panoramic 360 degree viewing. Each virtual product can be liked with NFT for additional services. Real- time contextual data for the customer can be used for providing a gaming incentive (gamification) or personalized product recommendation (through AI avatar). (g ) p p ( g ) ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

28. Meatavere Application Development: Automotive Showroom US20210304500 (Volvo Car) illustrates a virtual showroom environment that allows a consumer to virtually visit a showroom and receive detailed vehicle information in a consumer to virtually visit a showroom and receive detailed vehicle information in a variety of manners. A consumer may use augmented reality to highlight a vehicle and receive information regarding it. A consumer may walk through a guided showroom tour or walk through an interactive showroom tour. Another user can be invited into the tour ll as well. The real image showroom mode 310 uses real images or images based on/generated (photos, videos, etc.) from a real showroom or dealership. A collection of p dealership image databases may be maintained. A user can select a showroom they are interested in Ideal or generated showroom mode 320 can be an Ideal or generated showroom mode 320 can be an ideal representation of a showroom including models and number of vehicles not necessarily in a real showroom. The ideal showroom can be computer Generated using AI. Augmented reality mode 330 utilizes a user's device camera features in order to obtain augmented reality ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved camera features in order to obtain augmented reality information.

29. Meatavere Application Development: Tour US20200133618 (Doubleme) illustrates a mixed-reality environment visualizations and interactive immersions for remotely-located virtual visitors to a physical tour place (museums, exhibits etc.). The remote virtual visitors are provided with computer graphics-generated real-time mixed-reality environments through the physical visitor's perception to participate in the immersive and interactive visitor experiences to the physical tour place The computer-generated lifelike holographic objects are high- physical tour place. The computer-generated lifelike holographic objects are high- resolution three-dimensional synthetic objects that are intermixed and/or juxtaposed to real physical objects, wherein a viewer immersed in the mixed-reality environment is often unable to distinguish the synthetic nature of the computer-generated lifelike holographic objects and the real physical objects provided by the mixed-reality environment. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

30. Meatavere Application Development: Meeting US10979672 (Katmai Tech Holdings) illustrates a web-based videoconference 3D virtual environment with navigable avatars. Every user can control their avatars to move around, look around, jump or do other things which change the position or orientation. A virtual camera shows the user the virtual 3D environment and the other avatars. The avatars of the other users have as an integral part a virtual display, which shows the webcam image of the user The 3D virtual environment includes a venue or building in webcam image of the user. The 3D virtual environment includes a venue or building in which the videoconference should take place and 3D models for light sources, decorative modes, speaker models and a presentation screen models etc. Giving users a sense of space and allowing users to see each other's faces through their avatars can provide a more social experience than conventional web conferencing. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

31. Meatavere Application Development: Smart Factory US20210004076 (SAEC/Kinetic Vision) illustrates an AI innovation platform that provides a virtual AI development and testing environment. In the metaverse virtual AI development processes, AI model training data, system validation, system deployment, and system testing can be performed within a real-time 3D virtual environment incorporating objects, camera systems, sensors and digital human avatars representing the collaborating developers (who can interact using AR/VR/MR devices) The virtual 3D the collaborating developers (who can interact using AR/VR/MR devices). The virtual 3D spatial environment can be networked with external computer resources and their digital twins to simulate the end-use environment of the AI system. This environment can include various sub-systems that feed data into the AI system. This data can be captured and utilized to train and validate the AI system, which can then itself be deployed into the same real-time virtual environment. Finally, real-time motion capture techniques and human actors can be used to drive humanoid avatars within the virtual environment environment. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

32. Metaverse Enterprise Platform A metaverse enterprise is consist of a physical enterprise and virtual enterprise which is a realistic digital representation (digital twin) of the physical enterprise. Physical and digital enterprises are connected th h l ti d t through real-time data. Business resources can be used on demand without limitation in the digital enterprises (Dematerialization). Based on actual real-time data in the physical enterprise, the virtual enterprise is created, and then, tested using simulation models, big data analytics, and scenario analysis to obtain meaningful insights regarding businesses of the physical enterprise. Digital world decisions based on the obtained meaningful insights are transferred back towards the physical enterprise to improve businesses of the physical enterprise transferred back towards the physical enterprise to improve businesses of the physical enterprise. Digital twins combined with extended reality (XR) devices provide a feeling of a real physical presence in virtual space for remote workers to operate digital twin models collaboratively as if remote workers feel that they are at the same place (Realistic Immersion and Sense). Workforces can participate and collaborate as digital humans (avatars) for creating genuine and trustworthy digital interactions. Gamification is a process of using game mechanics elements and principles and applying them to non- Gamification is a process of using game mechanics, elements, and principles and applying them to non- game contexts to engage people better. Gamification can be used in a metaverse enterprise for providing remote collaborative working operations as a means to keep the workforce engaged and to drive productivity. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved The metaverse enterprise implements ESGDX through sustainable digital business model and enables Internet of Digital Twins (IoDT).

34. Metaverse Metaverse Business Development: Business Development: M t M t BM & I t t BM & I t t Metaverse Metaverse BM & Investment BM & Investment ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved www.techipm.com

35. Experience Economy In the seminal book on experience innovation - "The Experience Economy" - the authors provided a completely new way of thinking about customer t e aut o s p o ded a co p ete y e ay o t g about custo e experiences for offering distinctive customer experiences that can lead to increased customer allegiance and a more profitable bottom line through premium value propositions. In the Experience Economy, experiences drive the economy and therefore generate much of the base demand for goods and services ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

36. Reference: Experience Design Framework To capture customers’ attention, you must stage experiences worthy of attention: create memorable experiences that do truly engage—in particular,  Four realms of experiential value: Four realms of experiential value: entertainment, educational, entertainment, educational, atte t o c eate e o ab e e pe e ces t at do t u y e gage pa t cu a , experiences that are robust, cohesive, personal, dramatic, and even transformative.  Four realms of experiential value: Four realms of experiential value: entertainment, educational, entertainment, educational, escapist, and esthetic escapist, and esthetic  Four realms of experiential spectrum: Four realms of experiential spectrum: absorption, immersion. active, absorption, immersion. active, and passive and passive  The most The most robust experiences robust experiences are those that hit the are those that hit the “sweet spot” in “sweet spot” in the middle of the four realms the middle of the four realms, drawing richly from each , drawing richly from each Cohesive experiences Cohesive experiences design design Five Five- -stage stage dramatic experiences dramatic experiences: : Cohesive experiences Cohesive experiences design design principle: principle: • • Theme Theme the experience the experience • Harmonize impressions with • Harmonize impressions with g g p p • •enticing enticing customers to pay attention to your offering customers to pay attention to your offering • •entering entering the experience the experience • •engaging engaging the rising action, climax, and falling action the rising action, climax, and falling action Harmonize impressions with Harmonize impressions with positive cues positive cues • Eliminate • Eliminate negative cues negative cues • Mix in • Mix in memorabilia memorabilia + media + media Customizing a service Customizing a service for efficiently serving individual for efficiently serving individual • •exiting exiting to remember the experience more strongly to remember the experience more strongly • •extending extending to encourage repeat visits to encourage repeat visits ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved • Engage the five senses: • Engage the five senses: sight, sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell sound, touch, taste, and smell customers uniquely turns it into a customers uniquely turns it into a personal experience personal experience When you When you customize an experience, customize an experience, you automatically turn it you automatically turn it into a into a transformation transformation

38. Metaverse User Experiences (MUXs) •Immersive reality experience using XR devices & 3D computing technology (3D Space; 360 Views; Spatial Audio; Haptics; WebAR) (3 Space; 360 e s; Spat a ud o; apt cs; eb ) •Enhanced emotional (fantasy/sensation/sense of presence/ empathy/ memorable) experience •Enhanced engagement experience (Gamification ) A ti li ti i t ti / lit i ti i th h •Active realistic interaction/quality communication experience through digital/robotic avatar (surrogates) •Real to virtual/Virtual to real cross connected experience through IoDT •Real to virtual/Virtual to real cross connected experience through IoDT •Creative community participation (co-creation) experience •Virtual commerce/monetization experience •Massive sharing experience (augmented network effects) ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved g p ( g ) •Customized and personalized experience with storytelling

39. Reference: IoT v. IoVT v. IoDT Metaverse = Physical + Virtual Converged Augmented World Metaverse = Physical + Virtual Converged Augmented World IoT IoVT IoT IoVT IoDT ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

40. Metaverse BM Innovation for New Experience Economy Metaverse Business Opportunities: MUXs x MUCs Metaverse Metaverse M t M t Metaverse Value Creation: MET x NUs •Immersive reality experience using XR devices •Enhanced emotional experience •Enhanced engagement experience Metaverse Enterprise Platform Metaverse Enterprise Platform Metaverse Space Building Platform Metaverse Space Building Platform *MET: Metaverse Experience Time; NUs: Number of Users Enhanced engagement experience •Active realistic interaction/quality communication experience •Real to virtual/Virtual to real cross connected experience •Creative community participation (co- creation) experience Metaverse User Experiences (MUXs) Metaverse value proposition •Virtual commerce/monetization experience •Massive sharing experience •Customized and personalized expericence MBM (Metaverse Metaverse value Metaverse operating MUX Design RUX VUX • Media, Advertising, Healthcare Education ( Business Model) value creation operating model MUX Design RUX Design VUX Design Healthcare, Education, Manufacturing, Real estate, Retail, Gaming, Entertainment, Travel, Hospitality, Banking, C t ti S t Metaverse Use Cases (MUCs) ) Metaverse value capture Metaverse C ti Metaverse C ti ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved Construction, Sports, Fashion, Pharmaceutical, … Metaverse Economic System Metaverse Economic System Co-creation Platform Co-creation Platform

41. Reference: Digital Business Model Innovation The essential part of digital transformation is using data and digital capabilities to reshape customer value propositions, transforming operating models for to es ape custo e a ue p opos t o s, t a s o g ope at g ode s o greater customer interaction through the efficiency and productivity gains, designing new pricing model, and accelerating product and service innovation, which introduce a new digital business model, and then, lead to new revenue streams and new revenue opportunities. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

42. Metaverse Angel/VC Investors Web3/NFT Framework Ventures (https://framework.ventures/): •IlluviumGame (https://www illuvium io/): A fully decentralized game built on L2 network •IlluviumGame (https://www.illuvium.io/): A fully decentralized game built on L2 network •Stardust (https://www.stardust.gg/): An easy-to-use metaverse NFT-based game building platform •UPSHOT (https://upshot.xyz/): NFT + DeFi integration for metaverse applications •Parcel (https://parcel.so/): NFT marketplace tailored exclusively for metaverse virtual real estate users. Paradigm (https://twitter.com/paradigm): •Blur (https://twitter.com/blur_io): An NFT marketplace for pro traders •ArenaX Labs (https://aiarena.io): AI powered NFT Game •Sky Mavis (https://www.skymavis.com/): Play-To-Earn (P2E) NFT Game XR Devices/ Experiences Boost VC (https://www.boost.vc/) •FitXR (https://fitxr.com/): Creating Immersive Fitness Apps. •Wave (https://wavexr.com/): World s Most Interactive Virtual Concerts. 's Most Interactive Virtual Concerts. Sid Q t (htt // id t /) Th E l A Pl tf f Vi t l R lit •SideQuest (https://sidequestvr.com/): The Early Access Platform for Virtual Reality. Qualcomm Ventures (https://www.qualcommventures.com/) •Magic Leap (https://www.magicleap.com): XR devices development •Owlchemy Labs (https://www.owlchemylabs.com) : Creative game studio for VR experiences y ( p y ) g p •echo3D (https://www.echo3d.co): Cloud platform for 3D/AR/VR •Matterport (https://www.matterport.com): Technology development to create immersive spaces in VR, web, and mobile apps Further Investors to watch VANTEC Angel Network (https://www vantec ca/cpages/homepage) ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved VANTEC Angel Network (https://www.vantec.ca/cpages/homepage) Top VCs Investing in the Metaverse (https://cryptotvplus.com/2022/03/top-vcs-investing-in-the-metaverse/) Europe’s top metaverse investors (https://sifted.eu/articles/europes-top-metaverse-investors/)

46. NFT Functions and Legal Status An NFT represents digitally numerous functions, rights and obligations of an asset (digital or physical) with an unique economic value (non-fungible asset (digital or physical) with an unique economic value (non-fungible tokenized value). Because each NFT is unique and contains its own value, it cannot be traded or exchanged equivalently. NFTs can provide authenticity, verification, and exclusivity. verification, and exclusivity. In general, the rights that accompany an NFT are determined by the NFT creator who owns property or IP rights of the underlying asset. Usually, the that accompany an NFT rights include ownership of NFT: Ownership of NFT does not translate into ownership the underlying IP rights automatically. NFT holders can acquire a license of these underlying IP rights. For an NFT of a real property, transfer of the NFT can be used as a proof of ownership transfer of the real property: Legally, whoever is named in the NFT and has possession of it owns the property by some contractual agreements and has possession of it, owns the property by some contractual agreements. An NFT could be considered a "commodity" (for representing a commodity) or "securities“ (fractional NFT where an investor would share a partial interest in ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved securities (fractional NFT where an investor would share a partial interest in an NFT with others: an "investment contract" under the Howey Test) under the federal laws.

47. NFT + DeFi Convergence A NFT holder can stake his NFT as collateral value in a DeFi money market for b i t i t it ll t l l borrowing cryptocurrency against its collateral value. NFTX (https://nftx.io/) is a platform for creating liquid markets for illiquid NFTs. Users deposit their NFT into an NFTX vault and mint a fungible ERC20 token Users deposit their NFT into an NFTX vault and mint a fungible ERC20 token (vToken) that represents a claim on 1:1 a random asset from within the vault. vTokens can also be used to redeem a specific NFT from a vault. A real asset holder can tokenize his asset (e.g., LuxFi launches the asset- backed NFT marketplace for luxury goods) as a NFT (ERC721/ ERC1155 tokens). ) The NFT holder can put it into a specific bonding curve (smart contract) & anyone can buy the shares in the ownership rights (fractional ownership) by sending collateral and receiving a fungible (ERC20) bonded token. The price can be set by pre-selecting a bonding curve that makes sense for the NFT/underlining asset. ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved Source: https://medium.com/@SeanLippel/decentralized-finance-is-a-continuum-179d43c6ef65

48. Metaverse Economic System Components Economic entity: personal/legal entity -Avata with DID (Self-Sovereign Identity) for metaverse economic activity -Avata with DID (Self-Sovereign Identity) for metaverse economic activity Medium of exchange and a store of value: money (fiat currencies) issued by national governments & payment system national governments & payment system -Metaverse central bank digital currency (CBDC) v. universal cryptocurrency Banks and financial institutions -Metaverse banks and financial institutions for DeFi operation Assets (real estate, valuables) & goods -Metaverse values/rights represented by NFTs -Metaverse presence represented by digital twins Commerce system: market places; exchange/delivery for real assets/goods; Commerce system: market places; exchange/delivery for real assets/goods; exchange for fiat currencies ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

49. Reference: DID (Self-Sovereign Identity) publicKey Verifiable Credential Verifiable Presentation DID AUTH DID Document: DID/publicKey DID Document: DID/publicKey ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved Source: https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/

50. Metaverse Economic System Architecture Metaverse = Physical + Virtual Converged Augmented World Metaverse = Physical + Virtual Converged Augmented World Virtual Bank Virtual Bank Realization? Buyer Avatar with DID Buyer Avatar with DID NFT NFT Virtual Show Room Virtual Show Room Digital Twin Digital Twin Factory Factory Digital Twin Car Digital Twin Car Digital Twin Car Digital Twin Car NFT NFT Seller Avatar with DID Seller Avatar with DID NFT NFT ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved Customized Options Customized Options

54. Metaverse Renewable Energy System Management Wind Turbine Digital Twins + Microsoft Mixed Reality System + Meta Wind Turbine Digital Twins + Microsoft Mixed Reality System + Meta Horizon Platform Horizon Platform Horizon Platform Horizon Platform ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved

55. Metaverse Store for Sustainable Products A metaverse store provides customers with a digital twins connected 3D virtual world where customers are able to interact in real time 24/7/365 with a digital environment where customers are able to interact in real-time 24/7/365 with a digital environment through their own personal avatar. Metaverse stores can create a more immersive experience for customers. Store managers can pre-test a product before actually producing it & perform smart inventory/shipping/ product lifecycle management & reduced number operation of physical store: reduce raw material/energy/water use/GHG emission, less produce waists and increase reuse/recycle in manufacturing/logistics waists and increase reuse/recycle in manufacturing/logistics ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved Source. https://obsessar.com/3d-digital-stores/; https://medium.com/sap-cic/building-a-digital-twin-for-a-retail-store-d0fcfb5598ec

56. Metaverse Factory for Sustainable Manufacturing/Supply Chain A metaverse factory provides immersive 3D collaborate platform that combines digital twin technology with real-time and historical data from IoT streams, manufacturing system, and other enterprise systems. A metaverse factory enables smart design and factory planning for optimizing the manufacturing process & smart supply chain management: reduce raw manufacturing process & smart supply chain management: reduce raw material/energy/water use/GHG emission, less produce waists and reduced carbon footprint in supply chain ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved Source. https://ursaleo.com/; https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/omniverse/manufacturing/; https://cengssud.org/fat-event/sustainability-in- supply-chain-management/

57. Metaverse for Sustainable Smart City Development BIM (Building Information Modeling for 3D digital BIM (Building Information Modeling for 3D digital representations of infrastructure to get proper design, representations of infrastructure to get proper design, Smart City Digital Twins Smart City Digital Twins Metaverse Store Metaverse Store construction, operation, and maintenance construction, operation, and maintenance City of the future City of the future Metaverse Metaverse Building Building Sustainable Sustainable Infrastructure Infrastructure Metaverse Metaverse Home Home Metaverse Metaverse Office Office GIS (Geographic Information System) to map and GIS (Geographic Information System) to map and analyze geographic features analyze geographic features Metaverse Project Management Platform Metaverse Project Management Platform Metaverse City Living Lab Metaverse City Living Lab metaverse platform for metaverse platform for public public– –private private– –people partnerships people partnerships for city for city wide circular economy wide circular economy Metaverse City Living Lab Metaverse City Living Lab metaverse platform for metaverse platform for public public– –private private– –people partnerships people partnerships for city for city wide circular economy wide circular economy Metaverse City Service Portal Metaverse City Service Portal metaverse platform for city metaverse platform for city government services: call center; government services: call center; citizen portal; utility management; citizen portal; utility management; Metaverse City Service Portal Metaverse City Service Portal metaverse platform for city metaverse platform for city government services: call center; government services: call center; citizen portal; utility management; citizen portal; utility management; IoT (Internet of Things) monitoring for real IoT (Internet of Things) monitoring for real- -time time data sensing of smart city components data sensing of smart city components for city for city- -wide circular economy wide circular economy development development public public– –private private– –people collaboration people collaboration for sustainable city management and for sustainable city management and development development co co- -creation of eco creation of eco- -friendly city friendly city environment environment for city for city- -wide circular economy wide circular economy development development public public– –private private– –people collaboration people collaboration for sustainable city management and for sustainable city management and development development co co- -creation of eco creation of eco- -friendly city friendly city environment environment citizen portal; utility management; citizen portal; utility management; waste management; license/permit waste management; license/permit management; asset/land management; asset/land management; public security and management; public security and health management; mobility and health management; mobility and parking management; job search parking management; job search service service citizen portal; utility management; citizen portal; utility management; waste management; license/permit waste management; license/permit management; asset/land management; asset/land management; public security and management; public security and health management; mobility and health management; mobility and parking management; job search parking management; job search service service test test- -bed for innovation bed for innovation commercialization of new business commercialization of new business ideas ideas test test- -bed for innovation bed for innovation commercialization of new business commercialization of new business ideas ideas s s s s Metaverse Commerce Portal Metaverse Commerce Portal metaverse platform for digital metaverse platform for digital billboards/shops/showroom where users billboards/shops/showroom where users Metaverse Commerce Portal Metaverse Commerce Portal metaverse platform for digital metaverse platform for digital billboards/shops/showroom where users billboards/shops/showroom where users Metaverse IR/PR Portal Metaverse IR/PR Portal metaverse platform for metaverse platform for linking investors and linking investors and investees; virtual fund raising investees; virtual fund raising events; virtual public events; virtual public- -private private investment partnerships investment partnerships Metaverse IR/PR Portal Metaverse IR/PR Portal metaverse platform for metaverse platform for linking investors and linking investors and investees; virtual fund raising investees; virtual fund raising events; virtual public events; virtual public- -private private investment partnerships investment partnerships ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved Source. Smart Cities Technologies and applications : BIM-GIS- IOT-AI@udemy Design Team Construction Team Management Team Design Team Construction Team Management Team Design Team Construction Team Management Team Design Team Construction Team Management Team p p can access products/services from can access products/services from companies based on brand reputations and companies based on brand reputations and try them virtually; market place for direct try them virtually; market place for direct transaction among people; active marketing transaction among people; active marketing campaigns; real/virtual property campaigns; real/virtual property renting/sales; land sales renting/sales; land sales p p can access products/services from can access products/services from companies based on brand reputations and companies based on brand reputations and try them virtually; market place for direct try them virtually; market place for direct transaction among people; active marketing transaction among people; active marketing campaigns; real/virtual property campaigns; real/virtual property renting/sales; land sales renting/sales; land sales investment partnerships investment partnerships platform; virtual PR event platform; virtual PR event with tour of cities for global with tour of cities for global investors and tourist investors and tourist investment partnerships investment partnerships platform; virtual PR event platform; virtual PR event with tour of cities for global with tour of cities for global investors and tourist investors and tourist

58. Metaverse NFT/DeFi Based Sustainable Financing Green funds Green funds are an investment funds for clean transportation systems (e.g., are an investment funds for clean transportation systems (e.g., electric vehicle) green buildings (e g energy electric vehicle) green buildings (e g energy- -efficient buildings) renewable efficient buildings) renewable electric vehicle), green buildings (e.g., energy electric vehicle), green buildings (e.g., energy- -efficient buildings), renewable efficient buildings), renewable energy systems (e.g., wind/solar power system), waste management system energy systems (e.g., wind/solar power system), waste management system (recycling system) to invest in sustainable design, reductions in energy (recycling system) to invest in sustainable design, reductions in energy- - and and water water- -use, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, air quality improvement, and use, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, air quality improvement, and water water use, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, air quality improvement, and use, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, air quality improvement, and natural resource protection. natural resource protection. Metaverse NFT + DeFi for Sustainable Financing Method Step 1. Tokenize assets (e.g., solar power plants, wind farms, carbon credit) or projects (e.g., green infrastructure), as a Fungible (ERC20) Tokens or a Non- Fungible-Token (NFT) (ERC721/ ERC1155 tokens) Step 2. For fungible tokens, use them as collateral for some money market DeFi liquidity pools to borrow money values or monetize through fund raising of a specific project a specific project Step 3. For NFT, put it into a specific smart contract & anyone can buy the shares in the ownership rights by sending collateral and receiving a fungible ©2022 TechIPm, LLC All Rights Reserved shares in the ownership rights by sending collateral and receiving a fungible (ERC20) bonded token.

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