6. Motherboard Diagram: More
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/M
otherboard_diagram.svg
Donotbreakyourneck;)
Justclickonandvisitthelink!...
7. Bus
In computer architecture, a bus is a
subsystem that transfers data
between components inside a
computer, or between computers
8. Internal bus
◦ AKA: local bus, internal data
bus, memory bus, system bus or
Front-Side-Bus
◦ Connects all major internal
components of a computer
(CPU and Memory)
◦ Quick and Faster
10. FSB (Front Side Bus)
System Bus of Intel-chip-based
Motherboards
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-
side_bus
FSB performance can be measured by
FSB Frequency
(MHz), Transfers/Cycle, Bus Width and
Transfer Rate (MB/sec)
11. FSB Transfer Rates
◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-
side_bus#Transfer_rates
Related component speeds
◦ CPU
◦ RAM
12. Evolution
◦ More modern designs use point-to-point
connections like AMD's HyperTransport and
Intel's QuickPath Interconnect (QPI).
◦ These implementations remove the
traditional northbridge in favor of a direct
link from the CPU to the southbridge or I/O
controller
◦ Therefore FSB is no longer used and
replaced by DMI
13. Chipset
A chipset or PC chipset refers to a
group of integrated circuits, or
chips, that are designed to work
together usually marketed as a single
product.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipset
14. Well known Chipset vendors
◦ Intel, AMD, VIA, nVidia
More links
◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_ch
ipsets#Core_i_Series_chipsets
Traditionally chipsets had two major
chips called Northbridge and
Southbridge
15. Northbridge
Northbridge typically handles
communications among the CPU, in
some cases RAM, and Display controller
(PCI Express or AGP) and the
Southbridge
The high-speed part of a chipset and
interconnects the CPU to memory via
FSB
16. Evolution
◦ With the AMD Athlon64 series CPU's, a new
architecture was used where some functions of
the north and south bridge chips were moved to
the CPU. Intel followed suit with their Core i
series CPU's
◦ Due to the push for System-on-a-chip (SoC)
processors modern devices increasingly have the
northbridge integrated into the CPU die itself
◦ For Intel Sandy Bridge and AMD Accelerated
Processing Unit processors introduced in 2011, all
of the functions of northbridge reside on the CPU
17. Southbridge
The southbridge typically implements the
slower capabilities of the motherboard in
a northbridge/southbridge chipset
computer architecture.
Handles most input/output devices
Southbridge communicates with CPU via
Northbridge
18. Evolution
◦ As modern computers does not contain a
Northbridge, nowadays Southbridge
communicates with CPU directly
◦ In Intel chipset systems, the southbridge is
named Input/output Controller Hub (ICH).
In AMD systems it is named as Fusion
Controller Hub (FCH)
22. BIOS
Basic Input/Output System
BIOS contents is stored on an EEPROM
chip
BIOS selects candidate boot devices using
information collected by POST and
configuration information from
EEPROM, CMOS RAM
23. BIOS, a set of computer instructions in
firmware that control input and output
operations
BIOS provides a way for programs and
operating systems to interact with input/output
devices.
Variations in the system hardware are hidden
by the BIOS from programs that use BIOS
services instead of directly accessing the
hardware
BIOS Manufacturers
AMI, Award, Phoenix….. Etc.
25. UEFI
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
Successor of EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface)
UEFI is meant to replace BIOS
firmware interface
But in practice most (all!), most UEFI
images provide legacy support for
BIOS services
26. UEFI
OS Support
Most newer OS support UEFI
(Windows 8, Newer Linux Distributions etc.)
OS like Windows 7 support EFI, but not UEFI