Production planning and control (PPC) involves planning, coordinating, and controlling production activities to transform raw materials into finished products efficiently. PPC aims to utilize resources effectively and ensure production meets objectives for quality, quantity, cost, and delivery time. Key elements of PPC include production planning processes like estimating, routing, scheduling and loading as well as production control functions such as dispatching, expediting, and inspection. Together these elements work to optimize the production process.

1. 1
PRODUCTION
PLANNING & CONTROL
(P.P.C.)

2. 2
INTRO. : PPC
 It is simply like adopting in business an old age
principle as :
“Plan your work,
Work your plan”.
 Here, the system which is finally adopted should be as
simple & economical as possible & yet be effective in
producing the product for delivery when promised, of
the proper quality, & at the proper cost.

3. 3
PDCA CYCLE

4. 4
 PLAN (What, Why, When, Where &
How?)
 DO (Test)
 CHECK (Analyze)
 ACT (Implement)

5. 5
BASIC CONCEPT : P.P.C.
PPC can be viewed as the nervous system of the production
operation.
 This function aims at :-
 efficient utilization of material resources, people &
facilities,
 In any undertaking through :-
 planning, coordination & controlling the production
activities
 that transforms the raw material into finished products.

6. 6
MEANING : PPC
 Production consists of a sequence of operations that
transform materials from a given form to a desired form
(products).
 The highest efficiency in production is obtained by
manufacturing the required quantity of products, of the
required quality , at the required time, by the best and
cheapest method.
 All the activities in the manufacturing or production cycle
must be planned, coordinated, organized & controlled to
its objectives.

7. 7
DEFINITION : PPC
According to ALFORD & BEATTY,
“PPC comprises
of planning, routing, scheduling, dispatching & follow-up
in productive process, organized in such a manner that,
movements of material, performance of machines &
operations of labor in a sub-divided manner are directed
& coordinated as to quantity, quality, time & place”.

8. 8
OBJECTIVES : PPC
1. Nature of the Inputs
2. Quantity of Inputs
3. Proper Coordination
4. Better Control
5. Ensures Un-interrupted Production
6. Capacity Utilization
7. Timely Delivery

9. 9
(1) NATURE OF THE INPUTS
 To manufacture a product, different types of inputs
are used.
 The quality of the product depends upon the nature
of the inputs used.
 Hence, the planning is done to determine the
nature of various types of inputs which is a
complicated process.

10. 10
(2) QUANTITY OF INPUTS
 To achieve a level of production, determination of
quantity of the inputs & their composition is very
important.
 A product can be prepared only when there is an
estimate of the required composition of inputs.

11. 11
(3) PROPER COORDINATION
 It ensures the proper coordination among the
workforce, machines & equipment.
 This leads to avoidance of wastages & smooth
flow of production.

12. 12
(4) BETTER CONTROL
 Production planning is the method of control.
 For a better control, planning is a prediction.
 Only then, one can compare the performance &
calculate the deviations which lead control of the
production.

13. 13
(5) ENSURES UN-INTERRUPTED PRODUCTION
 The planning of materials ensures the regular
supply of raw materials & other components.
 The regular flow of materials & supplies are
helpful in the un-interrupted production.

14. 14
(6) CAPACITY UTILIZATION
 There is a need to use the available resources
effectively.
 It is helpful in bringing down various costs of
production.
 It is only possible through proper selection of
plant layout.

15. 15
(7) TIMELY DELIVERY
 If there is good production planning & control,
there will be timely production & the finished
product will be rushed to the market in time.
 This also ensures the better relationship with
the customers.

16. 16
ELEMENTS
OF
P.P.C.

17. 17
ELEMENTS : PPC
(I) PRODUCTION PLANNING
1. Planning / Estimating
2. Routing
3. Scheduling
4. Loading
(II) PRODUCTION CONTROL
1. Dispatching
2. Expediting / Follow-Up / Progressing
3. Inspection

18. 18
ELEMENTS : PPC
(I) PRODUCTION PLANNING
1. Planning / Estimating
2. Routing
3. Scheduling
4. Loading

19. 19
1. PLANNING / ESTIMATING
 This involves forecasting, identification of
alternatives & preparation of corporate plans.
 The common managerial aids used are forecasting
models, decision-tree, game theory & use of
computers.
 Establishing operation time, helps in fixing the
performance standards both for workers &
machines.

20. 20
2. ROUTING
 This the process of determining the flow of work,
material handling in the plant & sequence of
operations or processing steps.
 This is related to considerations of :- appropriate plant
layout, temporary storage locations for raw materials,
components & semi-finished goods & of materials
handling systems.
 According to KIMBALL & KIMBALL,
“Routing is the selection
of path or route over which each piece is to travel, is being
transformed from raw material into finished goods”.

21. 21
3. SCHEDULING
 Scheduling ensures that parts, sub-assemblies &
finished products are completed as per the required
delivery dates.
 Scheduling provides a time-table of manufacturing
activities, indicating the total time required for the
manufacture of a product.
 It ensures a balanced load on all work centres & ensures
even flow of work through manufacturing facilities.
 According to SPRIEGAL & LANSBURGH,
“Scheduling involves
establishing the amount of work to be done & the time when each
element of work will start or order of work”.

22. 22
4. LOADING
 Loading is the process of converting operation schedules
into practice, which ensures maximum possible
utilization of resources & avoid bottlenecks in
production.
 Facility Loading means loading of facility or work center &
deciding which jobs to be assigned to which work center or
machine.
 Machine Loading is the process of assigning specific jobs
to machines, men or work centers based on relative
priorities & capacity utilization.

23. 23
ELEMENTS : PPC
(II) PRODUCTION CONTROL
1. Dispatching
2. Expediting / Follow-Up / Progressing
3. Inspection

24. 24
1. DISPATCHING
 Dispatching may be defined as setting production activities in
motion, through the release of orders & instructions in
accordance with the previously planned time-schedules &
routings.
 Dispatching is the release of orders & instructions for
the starting of production in accordance with the
route-sheets & schedule-charts.
 According to JAMES L. LANDY,
“The dispatching function
involves the actual granting of permission to proceed according to
plans already laid down”.

25. 25
2. EXPEDITING / FOLLOW-UP / PROGRESSING
 Expediting or progressing ensures that, the work is
carried out as per the plan & delivery schedules are met.
 This means chasing, follow-up or progressing, which is
done after the dispatching function.
 Need for Expediting may arise due to the following reasons :-
 Delay in supply of materials
 Excessive Absenteeism
 Changes in Design Specifications
 Break-down of machines or tools, or fixtures
 Errors in design drawings & process plans.

26. 26
3. INSPECTION
 Inspection is an appraisal activity that compares goods or
services to a standard.
 It basically involves Evaluation & Controlling function.
 This function is related to maintenance of quality in production
& evaluating the efficiency of the process, methods & labor; so
that improvements can be made to achieve the quality standards
set by product design.
 The objective of evaluation is to improve performance.
 Performance of machines, process & labor is evaluated.
 Inspection occurs at 3 stages : Before Production, During
Production & After Production.

27. 27
END