1. IMPACTS OF FOOD SAFETY
STANDARDS
ON
PROCESSED ANIMAL BASED
EXPORT
By“FOCUSED ON POULTRY
INDUSTRIES THAILAND”
Ms.Atcharaporn Khoomtong

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 General overview about Food Safety
Standards
 Overview about Food Safety
Standards in Thailand
 General Food safety concern in the
poultry product
 Present Situation of food safety in
the export poultry industry of
Thailand

3. CONTENT
 Flooding situation in Thailand Effect
to poultry industry?
 Benefit from Achieving Food safety
standards Certification in Thailand
 Constraints in the implementation
Food Safety Standards in case of
SMEs Food industries Thailand
 Recommendations

4. INTRODUCTION
Thailand

5. Thailand
The richest
agricultural
Produce Country
in the world,
located in the
most fertile land
on tropical area
of Southeast
Asia.

6. The primary export markets are Japan, the US, EU,
and ASEAN. Most food exports are prepared and
ready-to-eat. The major categories are:
 Seafood
 Fresh and processed fruit and vegetables
 Canned and other processed forms
 Fresh - Frozen and Processed chicken
 Other goods

7. MAJOR MARKETS OF FRESH - FROZEN AND
PROCESSED CHICKEN OF THAILAND
Veitnam, Other,
Germany,
Japan,
Netherland,
UK,

8. GENERAL OVERVIEW
ABOUT FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS

9. Food Safety Standards
can be considered to have three main components:
 quality control
 quality assurance
 quality improvement.
Consumers want the assurance that they are receiving
a safe and sanitary food supply.

10. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE
COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE FOOD CHAIN

11. OVERVIEW ABOUT
FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS IN
THAILAND

12. INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Direct Indirect
Common Agricultural Policy agreement under World
Trade Organization
- European Union : EU (WTO)
- = 25 Nations
Advance Technology

13. AGREEMENT UNDER WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
(WTO)
 Decreasing Subsidy
 Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures
 Agreement on Trade and Environment

14. IMPACTS FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER OF EU TO
EXPORT POULTRY PRODUCTS OF THAILAND
Import Quota Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures : SPS
Quantitative Measures
- Qualitative Measures
Restrict of export quantity
of poultry from Thailand Effect of Brand Image Building
High Cost Production

15. POTENTIAL FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER
EFFECTS OF THAILAND EXPORTER???
 From Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures :
SPS ,Thailand have to control about MRLs and
also GMP in feed mill and treatment of animal
manufacturings
 Change style of export poultry product in 2004
from The HPAI outbreaks

16. STRUCTURE OF FOOD SAFETY
1 STANDARDS IN THAILAND
Safety Requirements for Agricultural
Commodity and Food
livestock fish plant

17. 2
3

18. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
USA
Europe
Australia

19. INDUSTRY RECOGNIZED
FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
Fruit&vegetable
EU market Products
requirements EU market
General requirements
products in
other markets

20. GENERAL FOOD SAFETY
CONCERN IN THE POULTRY
PRODUCT

21. COMMERCIAL BROILER SUPPLY CHAIN: THAILAND

22. microbiological
risks
Listeria sp
Samonella sp
Highly
pathogenic
avian
influenza
virus
(H5N1)
Possible sources of Samonella sp. &Listeria sp. for Broiler

23. chemical risks
Nitrofuran
Antibiotics Dioxin
Organochlorinated
insecticides

24. THE VERTICAL CHAIN OF POULTRY FOOD-PRODUCTS AND
EXAMPLES OF POSSIBLE HAZARD POINTS
Identification and Tracing system

25. PRESENT SITUATION OF FOOD SAFETY
IN
THE EXPORT POULTRY INDUSTRY OF
THAILAND

26. Thai Broiler History
MT Quota tariff
Thailand
Financial
Crisis Avian Flu
Depreciation
600,000
Nitrofurans
500,000
Chloramphenical
EU
White Paper
Start to Export Animal Welfare
400,000 processed chicken BSE in UK
300,000
200,000
Start to Export
Frozen chicken
100,000
163
0
.
2516
2520
2525
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
1997
1973
1991
1996
1999
2003
2006
Source Thai Broiler Processing Exporters Association

27. THAILAND EXPORT VALUE OF POULTRY
Source: The Ministry of Commerce

28. POULTRY PRODUCTION IN THAILAND
can be classified
three primary systems;
semi-
industrial large-scale
production industrial
production
smallholder
backyard
farming

29. Laws System Certification
Schematic representations Regulation Standard issued by
Department of Livestock Development
Note * mean forced only the exporters

30. REGULATIONS
CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND
POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
 Ministerial Notification of Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives on
Livestock Farm Standard of Thailand
B.E. 2542 (1999; Broiler farm
standard), B.E. 2546 (2003; Meat-type
duck farm standard)
 Poultry Meat and Poultry Products
Inspection Regulations B.E. 2548
(2005)
 Regulations of the DLD on Protection of
Poultry at Farm B.E. 2542 (1999)

31. REGULATIONS
CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND
POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
 Regulations of the DLD on
Traceability System of Livestock
Products B.E. 2546 (2003)
 Regulations of the DLD on
Implementation of HACCP for
Slaughterhouses and Meat
Processing Plants Manufacturing
for Export B.E. 2547 (2004)

32. CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT
AND POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
I. Poultry standard farm
II. Pre-slaughter inspection at
poultry farm
III. Movement control
IV. Accreditation of poultry
slaughterhouse and processing
plant for export manufacture
V. Inspection at poultry
slaughterhouse

33. I. POULTRY STANDARD FARM
1. Notification of Ministry of Agriculture
and Cooperatives on Livestock Farm
Standard of Thailand 1999, 2003
2. Criteria for certification of farm
standards:
- farm bio-security system
- appropriate housing
- good husbandry and hygienic
practices

34. I. POULTRY STANDARD FARM
3. Private veterinarians trained and
licensed by the DLD
4. Follow-up inspection every 6 month
by the DLD committee
5. Renewal of certification every 2
years
6. Withdrawal of certification in case of
infringement

35. II. PRE-SLAUGHTER INSPECTION
AT POULTRY FARM
1. Farm is not under restriction in
connection with any poultry infectious
diseases
2. Sampling 60 cloacal swabs per flock
for AI analysis
3. Negative result of AI is required for
movement permit
4. Antemortem inspection by the DLD
provincial officers maximum 3 d prior
to slaughter

36. III. MOVEMENT CONTROL
1. The DLD provincial
veterinary officer
issues the Animal
Movement Permit
2. Poultry must be
accompanied with LSC
001, AI testing result
and Movement Permit
during transportation
to slaughterhouse
3. Animal Quarantine

37. IV. ACCREDITATION OF POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE AND
PROCESSING PLANT FOR EXPORT MANUFACTURE
Procedures of accreditation

38. V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
 A DLD veterinary meat inspector and a
number of meat inspectors per shift in
every slaughterhouse
 Antemortem inspection using
information from LSC 001, movement
permit
 Animal Welfare
 Postmortem inspection

39. V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
 Operational
hygiene
 Personal hygiene
 Sanitation of
premise
 HACCP
implementation

40. V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
 Routine sampling
 Storage & transportation Meat transfer certificate
for transfer meat to further processing
 Traceability system

41. VI. INSPECTION AT POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
PROCESSING PLANT
 A DLD veterinary meat inspector
and meat inspector(s)
 Incoming meat / Meat transfer
certificate
Operational hygiene
Personal hygiene
Sanitation of premise
HACCP implementation

42. VI. INSPECTION AT POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
PROCESSING PLANT
 Routine sampling
 Storage & transportation
 Traceability system

43. VII. CERTIFICATION FOR EXPORT
 Export permit issued by a vet meat
inspector on-site
 Loading products into shipping
container
 DLD seal
 Product check list
 Trace back record
 Issue Health Certificate at the DLD
head office

44. HOW TO EXPORT ???
Health Certificate
Export to
Muslim Market
Export to General
Internationl Market
Frozen steamd Poultry meat products
chicken meat processing plant &
Cold storage

46. TRACE BACK
RECORD

47. NUMBER OF HACCP/GMP-CERTIFIED FACTORIES IN EACH
POULTRY INDUSTRY SECTOR
Source: Department of Livestock Development: DLD, (Updated December, 2010)
Note * mean certify by Department of Livestock
** mean certify by Ministry of Interior

48. CASE STUDY OF ANY HAZARDS
IN POULTRY PRODUCT OF THAILAND

49. Thailand
Nitro-furans
(a banned group of antibiotics) Dioxin
 Codex Alimentarius Commission, Residues of
Veterinary Drugs in Food (Revised 1997)
 Codex Alimentarius Commission, Residues of
Pesticides in Food and Animal Feeds (Revised
1997)
 EU Commission, Maximum Residue Limits
(MRLs) of Veterinary Medicinal Products in
Feedstuffs of animal Origin.
 Japan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare, Food

50. CODE OF PRACTICE ON GOOD
ANIMAL FEEDING
GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF
CAMPYLOBACTER AND
SALMONELLA IN CHICKEN MEAT
GUIDE FOR THE MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SPICES
AND HERBS USED IN PROCESSED MEAT
AND POULTRY PRODUCTS
CODE OF HYGIENIC
PRACTICE FOR MEAT

51. Outbreak in poultry sector is Bird
flu viruses
THE HPAI OUTBREAKS IN THAILAND 2004 TO 2006

52. BIOSECURITY CERTIFICATION AGAINST AVIAN FLU:
FOOD SAFETY TECHNOLOGY
FOR COMPETITIVENESS ON WORLD MARKETS
Food safety measures to bring the buyers back
A compartment
is defined as a well
defined area where
animals are kept under
a biosecurity management
system. At every stage of
production the origin of
the chicken meat destined
for export can be traced
back to a specific flock in
a specific compartment.

54. TRACEABILITY BY DLD

55. FLOODING SITUATION IN THAILAND
EFFECT TO POULTRY INDUSTRY?

56. POULTRY INDUSTRY OF THAILAND IS
LOCATED IN CENTRAL AREA

57. The Agriculture Ministry
reports about 7 million
head of livestock were
affected by the current
floods

58. A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: GENERAL SYSTEMS STRUCTURE OF THE EFFECTS
OF FLOODS ON NATURAL RESOURCE DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES

59. FROM MY POINT OF VIEW, FLOODS MAY BE AFFECTED TO
POULTRY INDUSTRY IN THAILAND SUCH AS,
Effect of flood on feed mill
industry
Effect of flood on sanitation and
hygiene
Effect of flood on food safety

60. EFFECT OF FLOOD ON FEED MILL
INDUSTRY
The potential that flood can lead to
environmental dispersion
of animal waste containing numerous
biologic and chemical
EFFECT OF FLOOD ON SANITATION AND
hazards. It could be contaminate to feed
 Floodwater animals. HYGIENE
may contain fecal material from
mill sewage system can
overflowing
be heavily contaminated with pesticides to highly
hazards chemicals.
 Could be cross contamination between water supply
system and sewage
system in hatchery farms that water treatment system
may go out of order
or malfunction due to flood impacts and sewer
discharge may directly enter the
watercourse without purification.

61. EFFECT OF FLOOD ON FOOD SAFETY
During the flood, electricity
supply may be cut off. Without electricity hatchery
farm activities will be stop .
Slaughter house or processed plants
without electricity cold stores and refrigerators will
stop functioning. The meat poultry in these
facilities will start decaying after 4 hours.
If flood continue long time, it will

62. BENEFIT FROM ACHIEVING FOOD SAFETY
STANDARDS CERTIFICATION IN THAILAND

63. Food safety standards certification benefits
may be measured
as “external” and “internal” benefits.
 External benefits are realized externally
from the system such as an increase in
market share or gaining customer
recognition.
 Internal benefit is a benefit experienced
within system such as increased employee
moral or reduction in nonconforming product.

64. BENEFIT FROM ACHIEVING FOOD SAFETY
STANDARDS
Benefits to
Benefits to Benefits to
Food
Consumers Governments
Industry

65. CONSTRAINTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION FOOD SAFETY
STANDARDS IN CASE OF SMES FOOD INDUSTRIES
THAILAND
Cost
Knowledge
Readiness
Labor
Production of Technology
Old machinery in production process
Legislation and Enforcement

66. REALITY IS THAT SMALLHOLDERS
MIGHT DISAPPEAR
Even if they have market access…
they may be unable to meet
 High transaction costs for certain market outlets
 Costs of compliance to meet standards:
 Import requirements...disease status, traceability, animal
welfare, GAP, SPS, compulsory inspection
 Product requirement.....quality cuts, hygiene
standards, packaging, labelling, traceability
 Changing marketing channels
 concentration in export, processing, and retailing
 changes in vertical coordination of supply chains (for
example, thought Thailand switched from contract farming to
full vertical integration because of disease threat (AI)- not
happening as expected)

67. RECOMMENDATIONS
 Food safety could be strengthened by strengthening the
links along the food chain and building in demands by the
next person in the chain
 Thailand depute a separate organization that is
responsible, for food safety standards implementation for
the whole country with a clear objective, strategy and plan
Especially in case of poultry industries, government
should focus in Horizontal issues such as animal
feeding, guide to good farming practices, role of the
Veterinary Services in food safety, anti-microbial
resistance, animal identification and traceability, meat
inspection, certification, model certificates and also
included biotechnology.

68. RECOMMENDATIONS
 Government policy should aim at providing
knowledge, training, consultation and financial
support while ensuring that there are sufficient
resources for auditing these factories.
 Thailand needs a national policy to facilitate the
development of the food safety system through
the entire food chain to eliminate the conflicts
and the overlapping work responsibilities
among governmental units.

69. REFERENCES
 DLD - Department of Livestock Development ,HPAI Control Measure
Undertaken in Thailand since 2004, 2006a, Available at www.dld.go.th
 Food and Agriculture Organization / World Health Organization (FAO/WHO),
“Improving Efficiency and Transparency in Food Safety Systems—Sharing
Experiences”. Proceedings of the FAO/WHO Global Forum of Food Safety
Regulators, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, 28-30 January 2002. Rome:
FAO/WHO.
 Frederick A. et al,Impact of Floods on Livelihoods and Vulnerability of
Natural Resource Dependent Communities in Northern Ghana,Water, 2,
120-139, 2010.
 G. C. Mead, Food safety control in the poultry industry, Woodhead Publishing
Limited, England, 2005.

…..ETC…….

70. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

71. DEFINITIONS
Competent authority
The official authority charged by the government with the
control of meat hygiene, including setting and enforcing
regulatory meat hygiene requirements.
Ante-mortem inspection
Any procedure or test conducted by a competent person on
live animals for the purpose of judgement of safety and
suitability and disposition

72. Contaminant
Any biological or chemical agent, foreign matter, or
other substance not intentionally added to food that
may compromise food safety or suitability.
Good Hygienic Practice
All practices regarding the conditions and measures
necessary to ensure the safety and suitability of food
at all stages of the food chain