8. Plate Names African Plate Indo Australian Plate North American South American Eurasian Pacific Nazca Antarctic

9. Evidence for plate tectonics 1. Study of fossils – similar fossils are found on different continents. This is evidence that these regions were once very close or joined together. 3. Shape of continents fit together like a jigsaw. Africa South America 2. Pattern of rocks – similar pattern of rock layers on different continents is evidence that the rocks were once close together or joined.

11. A destructive plate boundary is found where a continental plate meets an oceanic plate. The oceanic plate descends under the continental plate because it is denser. As the plate descends it starts to melt due to the friction caused by the movement between the plates. This melted plate is now hot, liquid rock (magma). The magma rises through the gaps in the continental plate. If it reaches the surface, the liquid rock forms a volcano. 1) Destructive Plate Boundary a) Subduction

12. Collision boundaries occur when 2 plates of similar densities move together (i.e. a continental plate and a continental plate). This causes the material between them to buckle and rise up, forming fold mountains. The Himalayas are an example of a chain of fold mountains. They have been formed by the African plate colliding into the Eurasian plate. 1) Destructive cont. b) Collision Boundary

13. Conservative plate boundaries exist where two plates do not directly collide but slide past each other along a fault (weakness). No volcanoes are found along these plate boundaries, but earthquakes do occur. An example of such a boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California. 2) Conservative Boundary

14. 3) Constructive Plate Boundary At a constructive plate boundary, two plates move apart. As the two plates move apart, magma rises up to fill the gap. This causes volcanoes at this type of boundary. However, since the magma can escape easily at the surface the volcano does not erupt with much force. Earthquakes are also found at constructive boundaries. An example of a constructive boundary is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

16. Name this plate boundary Continental crust Mantle The oceanic crust melts and rises Explosive volcanoes Oceanic plate The oceanic crust sinks under the less dense continental crust Earthquakes occur due to friction Match the labels to the letters A B C D E F G

17. Constructive plate boundaries Ocean Oceanic Crust Mantle MID OCEAN RIDGE Where would you find older rocks – at A or at B? A B