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1. Profit & Loss

2. 1. A Shopkeeper allows a discount of 20% and sells an article for 600/- to
get a profit of 20%. What is his profit % if he doesn’t allow any discount?
2. A Shopkeeper sells 48 mangoes for 270/- and gets a loss of 10%. How
many mangoes should he sell for 280/- to get a profit of 40%?
3. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 750gm for every kg. What is his
actual % profit if he professes to sell his goods at 20% above the cost
price?
4. A Shopkeeper purchases lemons at the rate of 20lemons/5rs. How many
lemons should he sell for 10/- to get a profit of 25% ?
5. A Shopkeeper sells an article and gets a profit of 20%. If he buys it at
20% less and sells it for 120/- less. Is still gets a profit of 20% ? Find the
original cost price of article?

3. • Discount = 100
• Marked Price = Selling Price + Discount
Basics:
• MP – Marked Price or MRP or List Price
• CP – Cost Price
• SP – Selling Price
• D – Discount
• P - Profit
• L – Loss

4.  A Shop Keeper sells an article and gets a profit of 25%
P = 25% of CP
If CP = 100 then P =25, SP = 125
Therefore SP = 125% of CP
 A Shop Keeper sells an article and gets a loss of 25%
L = 25% of CP
If CP = 100 then L =25, SP = 75
Therefore SP = 75% of CP
 A Shop Keeper sells an article after giving a discount of 25%
D = 25% of MP
If MP = 100 then D =25, SP = 75
Therefore SP = 75% of MP

5. 1. A Shopkeeper allows a discount of 20% and sells an article for
600/- to get a profit of 20%. What is his profit % if he doesn’t allow
any discount?
Ans :
D = 20% of MP P = 20% of CP
 SP = 80% of MP SP = 120% of CP
 80% of MP = 600 120% of CP = 600
 100% of MP = 750 100% of CP = 500
Therefore MP = 750
If D = 0, SP = MP = 750 => Profit = 750 – 500 = 250
%Profit = 100 = 50%
80 % = 600
100% = 750
120 % = 600
100 % = 500
%Profit = 50%

6. %Profit = 50%
Doing the same question in 10 sec :
D = 20% of MP P = 20% of CP
 80% of MP = SP = 120% of CP
 100% of MP = SP = 150% of CP ( Discount = 0 )
%Profit = 50%
80 = 120
100 = 150

7. A Shopkeeper sells 48 mangoes for 270/- and gets a loss of 10%. How
many mangoes should he sell for 280/- to get a profit of 40%?
Ans :
First we will find out the SP for 48 mangoes to get 40% profit
L = 10% of CP
 SP = 90% of CP = 270
 100% of CP = CP = 300
 140% of CP = 420
Therefore SP for 48 mangoes at 40% profit = 420
For 420 - 48 mangoes
280 - ?
90 % = 270
100% = 300
420 = 48
280 = 32
Number of mangoes = 32
2.

8. Note :
% Profit or Loss is calculated in 2 ways
1) In terms of money - % profit or loss is calculated on
cost price
2) In terms of quantity - % profit or loss is calculated on
quantity sold.

9. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 750gm for every kg. What is his
actual % profit if he professes to sell his goods at 20% above the cost
price?
1000 gms ----------- 200 gms
Profit = 60%
20%
He uses a false weight of 750 gms that makes profit of 250 gms.
Total profit = 200gms + 250 gms = 450gms.
Profit % = 100 = 60%
Ans : Profit is based on the quantity.
3.

10. Selling price of 36 articles = Cost price of 45 articles. Find loss or profit % ?
Profit = 25%
Difference in articles = 9
Given that, selling price of 36 articles is greater than cost price of 36 articles.
=> it makes a profit
Ans :
Profit is based on the quantity sold.
Profit % = 100 = 25
4.

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Problems for practice are given in the description of the video.

12. Practice problems
on Profit & Loss

13. 1. A shopkeeper allows a discount D = 25 % and gets loss = 10%. Find his profit or loss%, if he
doesn’t allow any discount?
2. A shopkeeper allows a discount D = 30 % and gets P = 5%. Find his profit or loss%, if he allows a
discount of 10% ?
3. A Shopkeeper sells 45 oranges for 160/- and gets a loss of 20%. How many oranges should he sell
for 96/- to get a profit of 20%?
4. A Shopkeeper sells 24 apples for 600/- and gets a loss of 25%. How many apples should he sell for
500/- to get a profit of 25%?
5. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 800gm for every kg. What is his actual % profit if he professes
to sell his goods at 12% above the cost price?
6. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 900gm for every kg. What is his actual % profit if he professes
to sell his goods at 17% above the cost price?
7. Selling price of 25 articles = Cost price of 20 articles. Find loss or profit % ?
8. A Shopkeeper professes to sell his goods at cost price. What is false weight he has to use for every
kg if he gets a profit of 50%?

14. A shopkeeper allows a discount D = 25 % and gets loss = 10%.
Find his profit or loss%, if he doesn’t allow any discount?
1.
Ans :
75 = 90
100 = 120
D = 25% of MP L = 10% of CP
 75% of MP = SP = 90% of CP
 100% of MP = SP = 120% of CP ( Discount = 0 )
%Profit = 20%
%Profit = 20%

15. A shopkeeper allows a discount D = 30 % and gets P = 5%. Find
his profit or loss%, if he allows a discount of 10% ?
2.
Ans :
70 = 95
90 = 135
D = 30% of MP P = 5% of CP
 70% of MP = SP = 105% of CP
 90% of MP = SP = 135% of CP ( Discount = 0 )
%Profit = 35%
%Profit = 35%

16. A Shopkeeper sells 45 oranges for 160/- and gets a loss of 20%. How
many oranges should he sell for 96/- to get a profit of 20%?
3.
Ans :
First we will find out the SP for 45 mangoes to get 20% profit
L = 20% of CP
 SP = 80% of CP = 160
 100% of CP = CP = 200
 120% of CP = 240
Therefore SP for 48 mangoes at 40% profit = 240
For 240 - 45 mangoes
96 - ?
80 % = 160
100% = 200
240 = 45
96 = 18
Number of oranges = 18

17. A Shopkeeper sells 24 apples for 600/- and gets a loss of 25%. How
many apples should he sell for 500/- to get a profit of 25%?
4.
Ans :
First we will find out the SP for 24 apples to get 25% profit
L = 25% of CP
 SP = 75% of CP = 600
 100% of CP = CP = 800
 125% of CP = 1000
Therefore SP for 24 apples at 25% profit = 1000
For 1000 - 24 apples
500 - ?
75 % = 600
100% = 800
1000 = 24
500 = 12
Number of apples = 12

18. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 800gm for every kg. What is his
actual % profit if he professes to sell his goods at 12% above the cost
price?
1000 gms ----------- 120 gms
Profit = 40%
12%
He uses a false weight of 800 gms that makes profit of 200 gms.
Total profit = 120gms + 200 gms = 320gms.
Profit % = 100 = 40%
Ans : Profit is based on the quantity.
5.

19. A Shopkeeper uses a false weight of 900gm for every kg. What is his
actual % profit if he professes to sell his goods at 17% above the cost
price?
Profit = 30%
170 + 100 = 270 .
Profit % = 100 = 30%
Ans : Profit is based on the quantity.
6.

20. Selling price of 25 articles = Cost price of 20 articles. Find loss or profit % ?
Loss = 20%
Difference in articles = 5
Given that, selling price of 25 articles is lesser than cost price of 20 articles.
=> it makes a loss
Ans :
Profit is based on the quantity sold.
Loss % = 100 = 20%
4.

21. A Shopkeeper professes to sell his goods at cost price. What is false
weight he has to use for every kg if he gets a profit of 50%?
False weight he has to use for every kg = 666.7gms
Profit – 50%
 3 - 2
 1000 - 666.7 gms
Ans :
Profit is based on the quantity.
3.

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