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Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
- 1. EVOLUTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (TODAY’S WORLD vs ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE) Ahmet VARIS January 8th Thursday, 2015
- 2. OUTLINE •Statistics from US Europe Middle east •Superbug from India •Ongoing researches about evolution of antibiotic resistance •Databases
- 3. “Consequently, we face the prospect of returning to a preantibiotic era, where an increasing number of infections can no longer be treated effectively with our current arsenal of drugs” (Moly K. Gibson et al. Improved annotation of antibiotic resistance determinants reveals microbial resistomes cluster by ecology, 2014)
- 5. CDC (center for disease control and prevention) divide antibiotic resistance 3 level •Urgent: The highest risk for public health. Ex: Clostridium difficile, Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae •Serious: These can be urgent if they effect public health. Ex: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter, Fluconazole-resistant Candida •Concerning: There are multiple treatment options for these resistance. Ex:Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus Group A, Clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus GroupB
- 7. WHAT ND4BB DOING? •Every year 25 000 people die becaus of anti biotic resistance in EU. •Antibiotic resistance cost for EU is €1.5 billion. •ND4BB is trying to collect acedemisions, politics, companies. •There are 3 projects for this aim •COMBACTE, TRANSLOCATION, ENABLE
- 8. •COMBACTE: • Creating a pan-European network of clinical sites • It has a network of about 300 clnical sites from 34 countries • Total cost: €250 million •TRANSLOCATION: • Getting drugs in to bugs and keeping them there • 2/3 of deaths in EU coused by gram-negative bacteria. • Total cost: €29 million •ENABLE: • A Drug discovery platform • This Project offer Access for universities and small companies
- 11. NDM-1 (NEW DELHI METALLO ΒETA-LACTAMASE 1) •Firstly investigate in india •Most of scientist agreed that NDM-1 is the most powerful resistance •It is spread around the World and other bacteria •Just two antibitics are cure for this resistance
- 12. (Figures are taken from Dvies&Davies, 2010)
- 13. Genome-wide analysis captures the determinants of the antibiotic cross-resistance interaction network (Viktoria L. et.al 8 July 2014)Aims: To show 1) Convergent molecular evolution is commen across antibiotic treatments 2) Resistance, gaining by mutations enhance sensitivity to other drug 3) Antibiotic adaptation can partly be achieved without gain of novel function
- 14. RESULTS OF THIS EXPERIMENT These are antibiotics which was used at experiment
- 16. PREDICTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE BY GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES (Shingo S. et. al, 17 December 2014) Antibiotics name Abbreviation Class Cellular target Cefoperazone CPZ Cephalosporin, β-lactam Cell wall Cefixime CFIX Cephalosporin, β-lactam Cell wall Amikacin AMK Aminoglycoside Protein synthesis, 30S Neomycin NM Aminoglycoside Protein synthesis, 30S Doxycycline DOXY Tetracycline Protein synthesis, 30S Chloramphenicol CP Protein synthesis, 50S Azithromycin AZM Azalide, macrolide Protein synthesis, 50S Trimethoprim TP Folic acid synthesis Enoxacin ENX Quinolone DNA gyrase Ciprofloxacin CPFX Quinolone DNA gyrase Colistin CL Peptide Cell membrane These are antibiotics which was used at experiment
- 18. DATABASES FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ARDB - Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database
- 19. REFERENCES • Prediction of antibiotic resistance by gene expression profiles, Shingo Suziki, Takaaki Horinouchi & Chikara Furusawa,2014 • Improved annotation of antibiotic resistance determinants reveals microbial resistomes cluster by ecology, Molly K Gibson, Kevin J Forsberg & Gautam Dantas,2014 • Genome-wide analysis captures the determinants of the antibiotic cross-resistance interaction network, Viktor lazar et.al, 2014 • Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 interspecies transformation: genetic analysis of penicillin resistance determinants and genome-wide recombination events,Julia Sauerbier, Patrick Maurer, Martin Rieger and Regine Hakenbeck,2012 • http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html • http://www.searo.who.int/entity/antimicrobial_resistance/documents/en/ • http://www.imi.europa.eu/content/home • The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database, Andrew G. Mcarthur et.al, 2013
- 20. THANK YOU
Notas do Editor
- The numbers are more than recieved from flu
- At a swidish patient in india, in a train crash….. The cure is very pthogenecis and was not approved before
- Convergent evolution describes the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function, but that were not present in the last common ancestor of those group
- Bactericidal:::::noun A drug or substance which kills bacteria, or is capable of killing bacteria. Bacteriostatic:::::::: An agent which inhibits bacterial growth and/or reproduction.
- CPZ:::::Cefoperazone IG:::::: Intergenic(introns) mutations Cefixime::::::CFIX Amikacin:::::AMK AF:::: antibitic free