FYP Presentation on PMU

1. Phasor Measurement Unit
Based
Remote Power System Monitoring

2. Group Members:
Ahmad Zahid DDP-FA12-BTE-007
Muhammad Zeeshan DDP-FA12-BTE-065
Project Mentor:
Dr. Mujtaba Hussain Jaffery

3. INTRODUCTION
• Increase in population and electrical power complexity
• Smart Grids
• Energy Crisis in Pakistan due to poor management
• Increase in power demand and integration of renewables
• High need to have a Smard Grid technology

4. PMU an essential component of Smart Grids.
It provides Synchrophasor data
Reports Magnitude, Phase and Frequency of an AC Waveform
Makes the grid observable due to high reporting rates
Once operator know the health of the system ,preventive actions can be taken
Why PMU ?

5. Contrast between PMU and Old Monitoring Systems

6. The Phasor Measurement Unit or the Synchrophasor at distribution (consumer)
level, also termed as micro-synchrophasor or µPMU in literature, is designed and
developed
The computer application for remote monitoring and historical logging of the
measurements coming from PMU installed at remote locations is also developed
The monitoring interface is also implemented on Web and mobile platforms
Objectives

7. Oscillations Detection
Frequency Stability Monitoring
Voltage Stability Monitoring
Monitoring of Active Distribution Systems
Applications

8. Methodology

9. µPMU Block Diagram

10. System Architecture

11. Project Design

12. It is an embedded development
platform
On board ADC simplifies the
circuit design
Combines the FPGA and the
processor
Sample rate of 500 KHz
On FPGA truly parallel
processing can be done at high
loop rates of up to 40 MHz
Computing Platform
NI myRIO 1900

13. NI myRIO has no on board battery
backup to keep its time updated
For accurate timestamping, two
approaches are GPS receiver and
NTP server
GPS accuracy is of hundreds of
nanoseconds and NTP of
milliseconds
The VKEL GPS module fulfils the
requirement
Time Synchronization

14. Current is stepped down by
means of the current transformer
A solid core current transformer
of Schneider is used for being
inexpensive
Effect Current Sensor of 5A is
used as an intermediary interface
ACS712 Hall Effect Current
Sensor of 5A
5A output is read by ACS712
which converts it into voltage
Current Measurement
Current Transformer ACS712 Current Sensor

15. Voltage Measurement
The off the shelf 220V-9V AC-
AC adapter is used to step
down the voltage to safe to
touch level of 9V
The voltage measurement
interface circuit is custom built
1st built in the NI multiSim
Circuit Simulator AC-AC Adapter

16. Development Stages

17. Powered by myRIO’s 3.3V pin
Outputs National Marine
Electronics Association (NMEA)
standard sentences in form of string
The Pulse per Second (PPS) output
indicates the second of UTC time.
GPS Receiver Interfacing

18. The ACS712 5A current sensor
outputs voltage proportional to the
current on its input
Voltage is centred on VCC/2
Module has a resolution of
185mV/A
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐴)=𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡−𝑉𝑐𝑐2⁄0.185
∗𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
Current Sensor Interface

19. The voltage measurement
interface circuit is custom built
The circuit is a simple voltage
divider
Adds offset bias of 2.5V DC so
that no negative voltage occur
across the Analog Input of the
myRIO
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉)=(𝑉𝑝𝑖𝑛−𝐷𝐶 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒
𝑡)∗𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
Where Vpin is the voltage read
by the myRIO Analog Input.
Voltage Measurement Interface
Multisim Circuit Simulation
Output of the PCB Circuit on
Oscilloscope

20. A 16x2 serial I2C LCD is
interfaced with the myRIO using
I2C serial communication
protocol
Displays the RMS magnitude of
voltage and current.
LCD Interface

21. All the components are packaged into the custom made
enclosure
Custom Made Enclosure

22. μPMU Software Architecture

23. PMU VI Screen Shots

24. Remote Monitoring

25. Remote Monitoring on Mobile Screen Shots

26. Programming (Master Station Layer)

27. Client Station Layer

28. PMU Deployed Sites
Panel Installation in EE (Ground Floor) Panel Installation in EE (Second Floor)

29. Panel Installation in Physics Department

30. Logged Data Screen Shots

31. Networking

32. Currently, the DFT based Phasor Estimation is being used. There
are many other algorithms available and they can be used to
increase accuracy and efficiency.
The system is currently single phase. It can be scaled to the three
phase system
The data visualization interface can be developed to be user
friendly and easier to interpret
• The GPS receiver used have built in patch antennas. The
external high gain antenna GPS receiver can increase the
performance significantly.
The data visualization interface can be developed to be user
friendly and easier to interpret.
Future Work