Guidewires are medical devices used to access tight spaces in the body and assist with catheter placement. They vary in size, stiffness, tip shape, and other characteristics. Guidewires originally developed from angiographic tools and have advanced to include different designs for specific specialties and situations. Key aspects of guidewire design include flexibility, torqueability, size, coating, and tip style. Common materials are nitinol for the core and coatings like silicone or PTFE. Guidewires allow placement of catheters past obstructions and in tortuous anatomies. Proper guidewire selection depends on the task and patient's individual anatomy.
This document provides an overview of basic equipment used in interventional radiology, including needles, wires, catheters, and sheaths. It describes the nomenclature and properties of different types of needles, wires, catheters, and sheaths. Examples are provided of how to select and use the appropriate equipment for common procedures like placing a Hickman catheter, draining an abdominal abscess, and accessing a renal calyx. Conversions between measurement systems for needle gauges, wire diameters, and catheter/sheath sizes are also reviewed.
Seminar on basic principles of endovascular surgeryBiswajit Deka
- Endovascular surgery uses catheter-guided devices to restore blood flow in occluded vessels by delivering thrombolytic agents directly to clots or removing clots mechanically.
- The technique was pioneered in the 1950s-1980s through developments like the Seldinger technique for arterial access using guidewires, methods for extracting thrombus using balloon catheters, and introducing balloon angioplasty and stents.
- Key devices used in endovascular procedures include guidewires, catheters, balloons, stents, and stent grafts, each with characteristics suited to their purpose like accessing vessels, delivering thrombolytic agents, dilating stenoses, scaffolding vessels, and excluding aneurys
Temporary anchorage devices in orthodonticsParag Deshmukh
The document discusses temporary anchorage devices (TADs) used in orthodontics, specifically mini-implants. It provides background on how TADs have improved orthodontic anchorage compared to traditional methods. The introduction describes how TADs solve limitations of extraoral anchorage devices and provide reliable anchorage. It then covers implant terminology, history, parts, types, indications, bone physiology, and clinical applications of TADs as absolute anchorage for various tooth movements.
article.smst2004.Vascular filter with improved strength and flexibilityPetrus Besselink
1. The document describes a new vascular filter designed to improve upon existing filters. It uses a self-expanding nitinol frame and a polyurethane membrane reinforced with high-strength, flexible fibers to prevent tearing.
2. The short 7mm frame allows placement in curved arteries. Its design eliminates mechanical interaction with the guidewire, improving wall apposition. A single filter fits a wide range of artery sizes.
3. The reinforced membrane allows for more perfusion holes while maintaining strength. Proximal access to the filter enables flushing or suctioning debris without full occlusion risks.
Interventional Radiology : Devices and Embolic Agents that a Resident NEEDS T...Saurabh Joshi
Interventional Radiology is full of various devices and materials. The general radiology resident needs to know these in order to impress the examiner. This file also contains information on various embolic agents.
An educational description of various airway stents, and a useful and practical document for general surgery and thoracic surgery residents and physicians.
PTCA, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, involves inserting a balloon catheter into the heart through an artery to widen a narrowed coronary artery. The document discusses the hardware used in PTCA procedures, including introducer sheaths of varying sizes, guide wires of different tip flexibility, and balloon dilatation catheters made of compliant, semi-compliant, or non-compliant materials. It also covers intracoronary stents, describing their classification as either balloon expandable or self-expanding, composition, and important mechanical properties like elastic recoil and radial force.
This document discusses the role of stents in surgery. It provides a history of stents, describes the different types of stents including self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), self-expanding plastic stents (SEPS), and biodegradable stents. It outlines the indications for stents and the procedures for placement. Complications of stenting are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of basic equipment used in interventional radiology, including needles, wires, catheters, and sheaths. It describes the nomenclature and properties of different types of needles, wires, catheters, and sheaths. Examples are provided of how to select and use the appropriate equipment for common procedures like placing a Hickman catheter, draining an abdominal abscess, and accessing a renal calyx. Conversions between measurement systems for needle gauges, wire diameters, and catheter/sheath sizes are also reviewed.
Seminar on basic principles of endovascular surgeryBiswajit Deka
- Endovascular surgery uses catheter-guided devices to restore blood flow in occluded vessels by delivering thrombolytic agents directly to clots or removing clots mechanically.
- The technique was pioneered in the 1950s-1980s through developments like the Seldinger technique for arterial access using guidewires, methods for extracting thrombus using balloon catheters, and introducing balloon angioplasty and stents.
- Key devices used in endovascular procedures include guidewires, catheters, balloons, stents, and stent grafts, each with characteristics suited to their purpose like accessing vessels, delivering thrombolytic agents, dilating stenoses, scaffolding vessels, and excluding aneurys
Temporary anchorage devices in orthodonticsParag Deshmukh
The document discusses temporary anchorage devices (TADs) used in orthodontics, specifically mini-implants. It provides background on how TADs have improved orthodontic anchorage compared to traditional methods. The introduction describes how TADs solve limitations of extraoral anchorage devices and provide reliable anchorage. It then covers implant terminology, history, parts, types, indications, bone physiology, and clinical applications of TADs as absolute anchorage for various tooth movements.
article.smst2004.Vascular filter with improved strength and flexibilityPetrus Besselink
1. The document describes a new vascular filter designed to improve upon existing filters. It uses a self-expanding nitinol frame and a polyurethane membrane reinforced with high-strength, flexible fibers to prevent tearing.
2. The short 7mm frame allows placement in curved arteries. Its design eliminates mechanical interaction with the guidewire, improving wall apposition. A single filter fits a wide range of artery sizes.
3. The reinforced membrane allows for more perfusion holes while maintaining strength. Proximal access to the filter enables flushing or suctioning debris without full occlusion risks.
Interventional Radiology : Devices and Embolic Agents that a Resident NEEDS T...Saurabh Joshi
Interventional Radiology is full of various devices and materials. The general radiology resident needs to know these in order to impress the examiner. This file also contains information on various embolic agents.
An educational description of various airway stents, and a useful and practical document for general surgery and thoracic surgery residents and physicians.
PTCA, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, involves inserting a balloon catheter into the heart through an artery to widen a narrowed coronary artery. The document discusses the hardware used in PTCA procedures, including introducer sheaths of varying sizes, guide wires of different tip flexibility, and balloon dilatation catheters made of compliant, semi-compliant, or non-compliant materials. It also covers intracoronary stents, describing their classification as either balloon expandable or self-expanding, composition, and important mechanical properties like elastic recoil and radial force.
This document discusses the role of stents in surgery. It provides a history of stents, describes the different types of stents including self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), self-expanding plastic stents (SEPS), and biodegradable stents. It outlines the indications for stents and the procedures for placement. Complications of stenting are also mentioned.
The document describes different types of tracheostomy tubes including:
1. Cuffed tubes which allow ventilation and prevent aspiration but require monitoring of cuff pressure to avoid damage.
2. Uncuffed tubes which maintain airway once aspiration risk has passed and increase airflow to the larynx for long term tracheostomy patients.
3. Fenestrated tubes which increase airflow to the larynx and enable phonation, and can be used with or without a cuff depending on patient tolerance.
The document discusses the history and development of coronary stents. It begins by describing how stents originated from a dental prosthesis and have evolved from early balloon angioplasty techniques. It then covers the key limitations of bare-metal stents that led to the development of drug-eluting stents. The document provides detailed information on stent design features including composition, configuration, coatings, and the benefits of different designs. It also discusses the ideal properties for coronary stents and compares balloon-expandable and self-expanding stents.
This presentation provides sufficient material for anyone who wants is interested in interventional radiology. Here we will discuss the available facilities, mechanisms and equipments.
In my opinion this presentation will prove a footstep in interventional radiology
This document provides information about cardiac catheters and guidewires used in cardiac catheterization procedures. It discusses the history of cardiac catheters, ideal characteristics, parts of a catheter, materials used in construction, types of catheters including pigtail catheters, and features of guidewires. Characteristics such as size, stiffness, memory, and friction coefficient are compared for different catheter materials. The document also includes images and descriptions of specific catheters and guidewire tips.
This document provides a history of the evolution of lingual brackets over time. It describes 7 generations of lingual brackets, with changes including adding hooks to brackets, modifying the shape of anterior bite planes, and developing self-ligating options. The document also summarizes key innovations like the development of the STb bracket system and customized CAD/CAM brackets like the Incognito system.
The document discusses coronary guidewires, which are used to access and cross coronary lesions during angioplasty procedures. It provides a brief history of angioplasty and guidewire development. The key components and characteristics of guidewires are described in detail, including core material, tapering, tip design, coil placement, covers, coatings, and how these influence flexibility, torque, and other performance factors. Common guidewire classifications and specific guidewire models are also mentioned along with guidance on optimal guidewire positioning and potential complications.
Temporary anchorage devices (ta ds) in orthodontics 4 presentIshfaq Ahmad
Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) such as miniscrews provide orthodontists improved anchorage control. Miniscrews first emerged in the late 20th century and are now commonly used. They are made of biocompatible materials like titanium and are designed to be mechanically retained rather than osseointegrated for easy removal. Miniscrews come in various shapes, sizes, and designs depending on the site of placement and intended force application. They can be placed interradicularly or in other bones like the palate, mandible, or zygoma. When placed carefully within safe zones and loaded properly, miniscrews provide effective temporary orthodontic anchorage with minimal risk
This document discusses techniques for recanalizing chronic total occlusions (CTOs). It defines a CTO and explains their etiology. Successful recanalization is associated with improved angina and reduced ischemia. Key steps include careful pre-procedure planning, selecting appropriate guidewires and microcatheters, and using techniques like parallel wiring or penetration when standard wiring fails. Expertise is important for high success rates. Proper wire shaping and handling can help avoid subintimal tracking.
Ilizarov principles of deformity correction.pptxWasim447927
- Prof. Gavriil Ilizarov developed the circular external fixator frame method for treating fractures and non-unions starting in the 1950s based on experiments with dogs.
- In 1968, Olympic high jumper Valery Brumel, who had a severe leg injury, was successfully treated with Ilizarov's method, gaining it recognition in the Soviet Union.
- The method involves gradual correction and lengthening of bones at a rate of 1mm per day to encourage bone growth (distraction osteogenesis) between the separated bone segments.
This document discusses coronary guidewires used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It begins by outlining the history of angioplasty and guidewire development. It then covers the purpose, components, classifications, and appropriate uses of guidewires. The main components include the core, tip, coils, covers, and coatings. Guidewires are classified based on flexibility, device support, and clinical usage. Complications like vessel perforation, pseudolesions, and entrapment are also discussed. Proper guidewire manipulation and strategies for difficult lesions are outlined to maximize safety and efficacy.
This document discusses ureteral stents used in urology. It provides a brief history of stent development and outlines ideal stent properties. Common stent materials like silicone, polyethylene and polyurethane are described. The document also discusses various stent designs, coatings, and indications for stent placement including for conditions like ureteral obstruction, urinary stone treatment, and transplantation. Complications are minimized by using the shortest possible indwelling time.
This document provides information on revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). It discusses indications such as painful loosening or fracture of implant components. Preoperative planning involves high-quality imaging to identify implant type and deficiencies. Complex revisions require additional equipment for tasks like cement and implant removal. The posterolateral surgical approach provides best exposure. Deficiencies of the acetabulum and femur are reconstructed using bone grafts, augments, and special implants to restore joint mechanics and implant fixation. Massive defects may require proximal femoral allografts or modular replacements.
This document provides information on various types of endotracheal tubes (ETTs). It discusses the history and development of ETTs, including their physical characteristics such as material, size, length, curvature, connectors, and safety features like cuffs and murphy eyes. Specialized ETTs are also covered, including RAE tubes, laser tubes, microlaryngeal tubes, and nerve integrity monitoring tubes. The document aims to educate readers on the design and proper use of ETTs.
A catheter is a hollow flexible tube that can be inserted into body cavities to drain fluids, distend passages, or provide surgical instrument access. Catheters are made of polymers like silicone, PVC, or polyurethane. They have a hub, body, and tip, and are measured in French scale where diameter in mm = French size/3. Catheters are used for diagnostic and interventional procedures like angiography, angioplasty, and embolization. The Seldinger technique involves guidewire insertion after needle puncture to insert catheters percutaneously. Radiologists perform procedures to manage diseases of the liver, bile ducts, and portal system using various catheters and
A catheter is a hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into the body. It allows for drainage, injection of fluids, or access by surgical instruments. Catheters are made of various polymers like silicone, PVC, or polyethylene. They have parts like a hub, body, and tip. Catheter size is measured using the French scale by dividing the French number by 3. There are various types of catheters classified by shape, size, or use. The Seldinger technique is commonly used for catheter insertion using a needle and guidewire. Radiologists play a key role in procedures like angiography, chemoembolization, stent placement, and drainage of obstructions using catheters.
Rigid and flexible cystoscopes and ureteroscopes are used to visualize the urinary tract. Rigid cystoscopes use a rod lens system for imaging while flexible ones use fiber optic bundles. Key parts include the sheath, bridge, telescope and obturator. Rigid cystoscope sheaths come in various sizes and have markings to measure the prostatic urethra. Flexible scopes have advantages like better patient comfort and ability to navigate difficult anatomy. Digital flexible ureteroscopes now have a camera chip at the tip for improved imaging. Accessories include graspers, baskets and lasers that are compatible with working channels.
The document discusses cystoscopes and ureteroscopes. It describes the history of cystoscopes and their evolution. There are two main types - rigid and flexible. Rigid cystoscopes use a rod lens system for imaging while flexible ones use fiber optic bundles. Components of rigid cystoscopes include the sheath, bridge, obturator and telescope. Flexible cystoscopes have advantages like better patient comfort and ability to navigate difficult anatomy. Ureteroscopes can be rigid or semi-rigid, with semi-rigid ones further classified by size, manufacturer and number of channels. Digital flexible ureteroscopes now have a camera chip at the tip for improved imaging.
Esophageal stents are devices used to maintain or restore the lumen of the esophagus. There are several types of esophageal stents including self-expanding plastic stents (SEPS), self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), and biodegradable stents. SEMS are the most commonly used and come in uncovered, partially covered, and fully covered varieties. Stents are used to treat conditions causing dysphagia such as esophageal cancer, benign strictures, leaks, and fistulas. Complications include pain, bleeding, reflux, perforation, migration, and tissue growth through the stent mesh. Placement of stents near the upper esophagus or gastroesophageal junction
Guide wires and catheters are medical devices used in angiographic procedures. Guide wires are stainless steel wires that guide catheters through blood vessels. They have flexible tips and come in various lengths and diameters. Catheters are hollow tubes inserted into the body and come in different materials, sizes, and tip configurations. Common uses are angiography, drainage of fluids, and placement of stents and balloons. Both must be carefully sterilized between uses to prevent infection.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
The document describes different types of tracheostomy tubes including:
1. Cuffed tubes which allow ventilation and prevent aspiration but require monitoring of cuff pressure to avoid damage.
2. Uncuffed tubes which maintain airway once aspiration risk has passed and increase airflow to the larynx for long term tracheostomy patients.
3. Fenestrated tubes which increase airflow to the larynx and enable phonation, and can be used with or without a cuff depending on patient tolerance.
The document discusses the history and development of coronary stents. It begins by describing how stents originated from a dental prosthesis and have evolved from early balloon angioplasty techniques. It then covers the key limitations of bare-metal stents that led to the development of drug-eluting stents. The document provides detailed information on stent design features including composition, configuration, coatings, and the benefits of different designs. It also discusses the ideal properties for coronary stents and compares balloon-expandable and self-expanding stents.
This presentation provides sufficient material for anyone who wants is interested in interventional radiology. Here we will discuss the available facilities, mechanisms and equipments.
In my opinion this presentation will prove a footstep in interventional radiology
This document provides information about cardiac catheters and guidewires used in cardiac catheterization procedures. It discusses the history of cardiac catheters, ideal characteristics, parts of a catheter, materials used in construction, types of catheters including pigtail catheters, and features of guidewires. Characteristics such as size, stiffness, memory, and friction coefficient are compared for different catheter materials. The document also includes images and descriptions of specific catheters and guidewire tips.
This document provides a history of the evolution of lingual brackets over time. It describes 7 generations of lingual brackets, with changes including adding hooks to brackets, modifying the shape of anterior bite planes, and developing self-ligating options. The document also summarizes key innovations like the development of the STb bracket system and customized CAD/CAM brackets like the Incognito system.
The document discusses coronary guidewires, which are used to access and cross coronary lesions during angioplasty procedures. It provides a brief history of angioplasty and guidewire development. The key components and characteristics of guidewires are described in detail, including core material, tapering, tip design, coil placement, covers, coatings, and how these influence flexibility, torque, and other performance factors. Common guidewire classifications and specific guidewire models are also mentioned along with guidance on optimal guidewire positioning and potential complications.
Temporary anchorage devices (ta ds) in orthodontics 4 presentIshfaq Ahmad
Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) such as miniscrews provide orthodontists improved anchorage control. Miniscrews first emerged in the late 20th century and are now commonly used. They are made of biocompatible materials like titanium and are designed to be mechanically retained rather than osseointegrated for easy removal. Miniscrews come in various shapes, sizes, and designs depending on the site of placement and intended force application. They can be placed interradicularly or in other bones like the palate, mandible, or zygoma. When placed carefully within safe zones and loaded properly, miniscrews provide effective temporary orthodontic anchorage with minimal risk
This document discusses techniques for recanalizing chronic total occlusions (CTOs). It defines a CTO and explains their etiology. Successful recanalization is associated with improved angina and reduced ischemia. Key steps include careful pre-procedure planning, selecting appropriate guidewires and microcatheters, and using techniques like parallel wiring or penetration when standard wiring fails. Expertise is important for high success rates. Proper wire shaping and handling can help avoid subintimal tracking.
Ilizarov principles of deformity correction.pptxWasim447927
- Prof. Gavriil Ilizarov developed the circular external fixator frame method for treating fractures and non-unions starting in the 1950s based on experiments with dogs.
- In 1968, Olympic high jumper Valery Brumel, who had a severe leg injury, was successfully treated with Ilizarov's method, gaining it recognition in the Soviet Union.
- The method involves gradual correction and lengthening of bones at a rate of 1mm per day to encourage bone growth (distraction osteogenesis) between the separated bone segments.
This document discusses coronary guidewires used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It begins by outlining the history of angioplasty and guidewire development. It then covers the purpose, components, classifications, and appropriate uses of guidewires. The main components include the core, tip, coils, covers, and coatings. Guidewires are classified based on flexibility, device support, and clinical usage. Complications like vessel perforation, pseudolesions, and entrapment are also discussed. Proper guidewire manipulation and strategies for difficult lesions are outlined to maximize safety and efficacy.
This document discusses ureteral stents used in urology. It provides a brief history of stent development and outlines ideal stent properties. Common stent materials like silicone, polyethylene and polyurethane are described. The document also discusses various stent designs, coatings, and indications for stent placement including for conditions like ureteral obstruction, urinary stone treatment, and transplantation. Complications are minimized by using the shortest possible indwelling time.
This document provides information on revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). It discusses indications such as painful loosening or fracture of implant components. Preoperative planning involves high-quality imaging to identify implant type and deficiencies. Complex revisions require additional equipment for tasks like cement and implant removal. The posterolateral surgical approach provides best exposure. Deficiencies of the acetabulum and femur are reconstructed using bone grafts, augments, and special implants to restore joint mechanics and implant fixation. Massive defects may require proximal femoral allografts or modular replacements.
This document provides information on various types of endotracheal tubes (ETTs). It discusses the history and development of ETTs, including their physical characteristics such as material, size, length, curvature, connectors, and safety features like cuffs and murphy eyes. Specialized ETTs are also covered, including RAE tubes, laser tubes, microlaryngeal tubes, and nerve integrity monitoring tubes. The document aims to educate readers on the design and proper use of ETTs.
A catheter is a hollow flexible tube that can be inserted into body cavities to drain fluids, distend passages, or provide surgical instrument access. Catheters are made of polymers like silicone, PVC, or polyurethane. They have a hub, body, and tip, and are measured in French scale where diameter in mm = French size/3. Catheters are used for diagnostic and interventional procedures like angiography, angioplasty, and embolization. The Seldinger technique involves guidewire insertion after needle puncture to insert catheters percutaneously. Radiologists perform procedures to manage diseases of the liver, bile ducts, and portal system using various catheters and
A catheter is a hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into the body. It allows for drainage, injection of fluids, or access by surgical instruments. Catheters are made of various polymers like silicone, PVC, or polyethylene. They have parts like a hub, body, and tip. Catheter size is measured using the French scale by dividing the French number by 3. There are various types of catheters classified by shape, size, or use. The Seldinger technique is commonly used for catheter insertion using a needle and guidewire. Radiologists play a key role in procedures like angiography, chemoembolization, stent placement, and drainage of obstructions using catheters.
Rigid and flexible cystoscopes and ureteroscopes are used to visualize the urinary tract. Rigid cystoscopes use a rod lens system for imaging while flexible ones use fiber optic bundles. Key parts include the sheath, bridge, telescope and obturator. Rigid cystoscope sheaths come in various sizes and have markings to measure the prostatic urethra. Flexible scopes have advantages like better patient comfort and ability to navigate difficult anatomy. Digital flexible ureteroscopes now have a camera chip at the tip for improved imaging. Accessories include graspers, baskets and lasers that are compatible with working channels.
The document discusses cystoscopes and ureteroscopes. It describes the history of cystoscopes and their evolution. There are two main types - rigid and flexible. Rigid cystoscopes use a rod lens system for imaging while flexible ones use fiber optic bundles. Components of rigid cystoscopes include the sheath, bridge, obturator and telescope. Flexible cystoscopes have advantages like better patient comfort and ability to navigate difficult anatomy. Ureteroscopes can be rigid or semi-rigid, with semi-rigid ones further classified by size, manufacturer and number of channels. Digital flexible ureteroscopes now have a camera chip at the tip for improved imaging.
Esophageal stents are devices used to maintain or restore the lumen of the esophagus. There are several types of esophageal stents including self-expanding plastic stents (SEPS), self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), and biodegradable stents. SEMS are the most commonly used and come in uncovered, partially covered, and fully covered varieties. Stents are used to treat conditions causing dysphagia such as esophageal cancer, benign strictures, leaks, and fistulas. Complications include pain, bleeding, reflux, perforation, migration, and tissue growth through the stent mesh. Placement of stents near the upper esophagus or gastroesophageal junction
Guide wires and catheters are medical devices used in angiographic procedures. Guide wires are stainless steel wires that guide catheters through blood vessels. They have flexible tips and come in various lengths and diameters. Catheters are hollow tubes inserted into the body and come in different materials, sizes, and tip configurations. Common uses are angiography, drainage of fluids, and placement of stents and balloons. Both must be carefully sterilized between uses to prevent infection.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
wires and stents.pptx
1.
2.
3. A device used to enter tight spaces, e.g.,
obstructed valves or channels, within the body, or
to assist in inserting, positioning, and moving a
catheter. Guide wires vary in size, length,
stiffness, composition, and shape of the tip
4. The development of guidewires in urology began
with the application of angiographic tools in urologic
endoscopy. Angiographic guidewires reported to be
used in 7 patients with ureteral obstruction in 1981 .
The authors noted in this study that their methods
allow the “placement of angiographic guide wires
and catheters past ureteral obstacles when
standard urological retrograde procedures are not
feasible technically.”
5. The transvesical approach was described as where
a 6Fr open-ended polyethylene catheter was placed
at the ureterovesical junction and followed by
advancing a 0.035 in. diameter guide wire.
The authors noted several advantages of the
angiographic catheters and wires that allowed their
urological application
6. Today, guide wires are developed for specific
specialities and specific situations. Each one is
designed and manufactured with different
characteristics. In fact, the basic concepts of guide
wire technology actually cover 15 broad areas:
• flexibility
• torqueability (control of the distal tip of the wire by rotation of
the proximal tip)
• crossability (ability to navigate past obstructions),
7. • supportability (ability to support another device over it),
• core diameter
• tip style
• shaping ribbons
• tip coils
• coatings
• support
• tip load
• support catheters
• wire length
8. - Materials from which wires are made varies.
- Core : Nitinol (nickel-titanium alloy) or steel is
usually the main core in most wires.
- Coat : Some guide wires are coated with other
substances such as silicone or
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) which enhance
lubricity, or with other novel hydrophilic coatings
to allow for easier manoeuvrability in tortuous
lumens
9. - Tips : The tips of these wires are generally
“floppy” for 1 to 3 cm.
Bentson and Newton wire designs have flexible
tips of up to 15 cm and are seldom used today.
Some wires have a movable core that can
be partially withdrawn to increase
length of the flexible tip.
- The distal tip can be straight, angled, or “J”
tipped.
- Rigidity : of the wires can be varied by
changing the diameter and design of the
inner core wire
10.
11. - Diameter : ranges from 0.018 to 0.038
inches, the most commonly used being 0.038
inches.
- Length : vary from 80 to 260 cm. The most
useful length for endourology is
145 cm.
12. - Establishment of percutaneous or ureteroscopic
acces
- straightening of the ureter
- A guide for dilation of the ureter or percutaneous
tract, and stent placement.
- allow a catheter to be
advanced along it .
13. - The most common design is a solid stainless steel
core around which an outer wire is wrapped.
- Nitinol (nickel-titanium) can be used for inner core
construction, and this gives guidewires a kink-
resistant, slightly stiffer property. Some newer wires
(Zebra wire; Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, and
Roadrunner wire, Cook Urological, Spencer, IN)
have a nitinol core wire and polyurethane outer
layer
14. - These wires are well suited for passage of the
ureteroscope as there is less friction of the
ureteroscope over the polyurethane, and the stiffer
core allows more reliable transmission of the
“push” from the urologist to the tip of the
ureteroscope.
15. - When the outer polyurethane layer is coated with a
hydro-philic polymer, these wires become
exceptionally slippery. These “glide wires” are
incredibly adept at negotiating around impacted
ureteral calculi, tortuous ureters, and ureteral
strictures.
- A new hybrid designed wire (Sensor; Boston
Scientific, Natick, MA) incorporating a hydrophilic
tip with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated
shaft may serve as both an access and safety wire
for difficult access cases.
16. Amplatz Super Stiff™ Guidewire
is a stainless steel wire with a
flat-wire coil and PTFE coating.
It is available in a variety of
diameters and tip configurations
& designed so we can straighten
tortuous anatomies and deliver
heavier instruments
17. Sensor PTFE-Nitinol Guidewire
with Hydrophilic Tip
A new hybrid designed wire
incorporating
a hydrophilic tip
with a polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE)-coated shaft
may serve as both an access
and safety wire for difficult
access cases
18.
19. Zebra™Guidewire
Distinct Construction
Kink-resistant nitinol core
Flexible PTFE "jacket" designed for
torqueability
Enhanced Visualization
Blue and white striped pattern is
designed to provide clear endoscopic
visualization of wire movement
Platinum distal tip is visible under
fluoroscopy to aid in confirmation of
guidewire position
Lubricious Coating
Uro-Glide™ Coating on distal 60cm
designed to reduce surface friction for
smooth entry, advancement and
withdrawal with precise proximal
handling
20.
21. Roadrunner
Hydrophilic Wire Guide
Used to gain ureteral
access, to establish a tract,
and to assist in the
placement, replacement,
and exchange of medical
devices during urological
procedures. May also be
used for catheter
positioning and exchange in
a tortuous or kinked ureter,
traversing a stone en route
to the kidney,
22. BiWire
Nitinol Core Wire Guide
Used to gain ureteral
access, to establish a
tract, and to assist in the
placement, replacement,
and exchange of medical
devices during
urological procedures.
The BiWire has flexible
tips at both ends—a
straight tip on one end
and an angled tip at the
other.
24. - The choice of the most appropriate wire depends
on the present task, the patient’s anatomy, and
upper urinary tract problem being confronted.
- Despite all of these advances in wire design and
construction, a 0.038-inch–diameter straight,
flexible-tip, Teflon-coated stainless steel wire is still
an excellent choice for most cases.
27. 5 cm—single mark
10 cm—two marks
15 cm—3 marks
20 cm—4 marks
25–5 marks
30—one bold mark
35–2 marks
40–3 marks
45–4 marks
50–5 marks
No marking beyond 50 cm. The length
generally is 70 cm.
28.
The ureteric catheters are classified
depending on the tip configuration:
1. Open end catheter
Single opening at the tip, no side
openings. It is used for drainage and
performing pyelography. It can be
passed over glidewire across obstruction or
kink.
29.
30.
31. 3. Cone tipped ureteric catheter
: Available in different sizes. The
size is described as the size of tip
and the catheter. The tip is pointed
and a hole just proximal to the tip
Used for bulb retrograde pyelogram
.
32.
33. 9. Double lumen ureteric catheter: It is 10 Fr in
size and has
two channels one opening at the tip and one on
the side . The openings are approximately 1 cm
apart. This is used for passing
additional safety catheter or performing a contrast
study without removing
the preplaced wire. It is 50 cm long.
A variant in the form of flexitip is also available.
This catheter eliminates the
need for multiple catheterization. The flexitip is
intended for a traumatic
catheterization into the ureter
34.
35. 7. Pig tail ureteric catheter
: Available as 70 cm and 90 cm. It has a
single curl at
the kidney end. This can be kept as self-
retaining ureteric catheter.
36. Double J (DJ) stent can be classified on basis of:
1. Length.
2. Size.
3. Material.
4. Miscellaneous.
1. Classification on basis of length: Length of
stent is the straight part of stent
and not from tip to tip.
For tortuous ureter larger length is necessary.
Generally length are variable
between 12 cm and 30 cm
37.
38. Different ways to measure length of DJ are:
a. Formula for deciding the length of the stent
– Pediatric age group: Age +10 (in cm)
– Adults: Height from 149.5 cm to 178.5 cm—
DJ length of 22–26 cm
b. On plain X-ray KUB (of actual size) length of
DJ required is equal to length
measured from xiphisternum to pubic
symphysis.
c. In an IVP plate (of actual size) length of the
DJ required is equal to distance
between VUJ and PUJ.
39. 2. Classification on basis of size: Size is
measured at the shaft and represents at
the outer diameter of stent. It generally varies
from 3 Fr to 8 Fr.
3. Classification on basis of material used.
1. Polymers:
– Polyurethane
– Silicone
– C Flex – (Cook urological)
– Sof- flex (Cook urological)
– Percuflex (Boston Scientific)
2. Metallic (Resonance, memocath)
40.
41. A. Polyurethane stents: It has good tensile
strength and can be passed over
guidewire and does not collapse on extrinsic
pressure easily. Rigidity causes
more stent related discomfort and can damage
ureter. More prone to
encrustation and colonization, should not be
left for more than 6 months
ideally should be removed within 3 months.
42. B. Silicone stent: it has poor
tensile strength and susceptible for extrinsic
compression. Poor strength
requires low inner diameter to outer diameter
ratio which leads to smaller
lumen. It has poor drainage efficiency as
compared to polyurethane. The
poor coil retention leads to spontaneous
migration.
43. C. Percuflex,
less bladder irritation. More biocompatible and
can be left for longer
time. These have higher inner diameter/outer
diameter ratio and hence
have bigger lumen. This property is permitted
by these copolymers with
higher strengths. These stents have hydrophilic
polymer coating for smooth
surface and easy insertion
44. D. Metallic stent: It is made of special metallic
material, unlike other stent it is not hollow and
is solid cylindrical stent.
Preferably used for extrinsic compression of
ureter. Resistant to encrustation
can be left for 12 months.
45. Miscellaneous Stents
A. Dangler stents18 are usual DJ with
additional nylon or prolene wire loops
dangling out of the stent end. This helps in its
removal without cystoscopy.
46. B. Endopyelotomy stent :
Used after endopyelotomy or
endourological management of upper ureteric
stricture or PUJ obstruction,
to maintain the lumen of the upper ureter and
PUJ. Proximal end is wide
with narrow distal end like usual stent.