3. What is Testing?
Definition: “A test is an activity whose main
purpose is to convey (usually to the tester) how
well the testee knows or can do something” (Ur
1996:33)
Language Testing is the practice and study of
evaluating the proficiency of an individual in
using a particular language effectively.
4. LANGUAGE TESTING
The activity of developing and using language
tests. As a psychometric activity, language
testing traditionally was more concerned with
the production, development and analysis of
tests. Recent critical and ethical approaches
to language testing have placed more
emphasis on the uses of language tests. The
purpose of a language test is to determine a
person’s knowledge and/or ability in the
language and to discriminate that person’s
ability from that of others.
5. Teaching Vs Testing
Both testing and teaching are so closely
interrelated (or the relationship between them is
as a partner)
The test is geared to the teaching that has taken
place, whereas in the latter case the teaching is
often geared to the test
6. Functions of testing
As devices to reinforce learning and to motivate
the student
As a mean of assessing the student’s
performance in the language
As information tool for teacher to know about
where the students are at the moment, to help
decide what to teach next
As information for students to find about what
they know, so that they also have an awareness
of what they need to learn or review
7. Diagnose students’ strengths and weaknesses,
to identify what they know and what they don’t
know
Get students to make an effort (in doing the
test itself), which is likely to lead to better
results and a feeling of satisfaction
Give students tasks which themselves may
actually provide useful review or practice, as
well as testing
Provide students with a sense of achievement
and progress in their learning.
8. Effect of testing
The effect of testing on teaching and learning is
known as backwash. There are two different
backwashes in the test, they are:
The test will cause harmful backwash if the test
content and testing techniques are at variance
with the objective of the course.
It will have beneficial backwash If the result of the
test give an immediate effect on teaching (the
syllabus was redesigned, new books were
chosen, classes were conducted differently)
9. Testing and Assessment
Two types of assessment:
Formative
it’s assessment with the purpose to
check on students’ progress or to see
how far they have mastered what
should they learn.
Summative
it’s used at the end of the term,
semester or year in order to measure
what has been achieved by groups and
individuals
10. Types of tests
Five types of testing:
Proficiency test
Achievement test
Diagnostic test
Placement test
Direct & indirect test
11. Proficiency test
Proficiency tests are designed to measure
people’s ability in language, regardless any
training they may have in that language.
The content of a proficiency test is not based on
the content of the objectives of language
courses. It’s based on a specification of what
candidates have to be able to do in the language
in order to be considered proficient.
12. Achievement test
The content of the course in achievement tests
are directly related to language course.
The purpose is being able to establish how
successful individual students, group 0f students
and the course in achieving the objectives.
There are two kinds of achievement tests:
Final achievement test
Progress achievement test
13. Final achievement test:
It’s administered at the end of a course of study
The content of the test must be related to the
courses with which they are concerned, but the
nature of this relationship is a matter of
disagreement amongst language testers.
In the view of some testers, the content of a final
achievement test should be based directly on a
detailed course syllabus or the books and other
materials used.
14. The disadvantages
If the syllabus, the books and other materials are
badly designed, the result of a test can be very
misleading.
Successful performance on the test may not truly
indicate successful achievement of course
objectives.
15. For example:
A course may have an objective to develop
conversational abilities, but the course and the
test require students only to utter statements
about certain topics.
A course may aim to develop a reading ability in
German, but the test limits to the vocabulary the
students have to meet.
16. Diagnostic Test
It’s used to identify learners’ strength and
weaknesses.
It’s intended primarily to ascertain what learning
still needs to take place.
17. Placement test
It’s intended to provide information that
will help to place students at the stage of
the teaching programme most appropriate
to their abilities.
Typically it’s used to assign students to
classes at different level.
18. Direct & Indirect Testing
It’s said to be direct when it requires the
candidate to perform precisely the skill
that we wish to measure.
Direct testing is easier to carry out when it
is intended to measure the productive skills
of speaking and writing.
19. Indirect testing
It attempts to measure the abilities underlie the
skills in which we are interested.
E.g. One section of TOEFL in writing section, it’s
developed as an indirect measure of writing
ability.
“at first the old woman seemed unwilling to
accept anything that was offered her by my
friend and I”
