Php Intermediate

PHP Intermediate
Jamshid Hashimi
Trainer, Cresco Solution
http://www.jamshidhashimi.com
jamshid@netlinks.af
@jamshidhashimi
ajamshidhashimi
Afghanistan Workforce
Development Program

Agenda
• Arrays
• Loop
– For statement
– Foreach statement
– While statement
– Do While statement
• PHP Functions
• Get & Post Variable
• Difference between PHP 4 & PHP 5
• Exercise!

Arrays
• An array is a special variable, which can hold
more than one value at a time.
• array — Create an array
• Multidimensional Arrays
$arr = array("a" => "orange", "b" =>
"banana", "c" => "apple");
$fruits = array (
"fruits" => array("a" => "orange", "b" => "
banana", "c" => "apple"),
"numbers" => array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6),
"holes" => array("first", 5 => "second", "
third")
);

Arrays: count()
• count — Count all elements in an array, or
something in an object
$arr = array("Kabul", "Balkh", "Herat",
"Qandahar");
echo count($arr);
> 4

Arrays: array_slice()
• array_slice — Extract a slice of the array
"Qandahar");
$new_arr = array_slice($arr,1,2);
print_r($new_arr);
> Array ( [0] => Balkh [1] => Herat )

Arrays: array_reverse()
• array_reverse — Return an array with
elements in reverse order
"Qandahar");
$new_arr = array_reverse($arr);
print_r($new_arr);
> Array ( [0] => Qandahar [1] => Herat [2]
=> Balkh [3] => Kabul )

Arrays: array_keys()
• array_keys — Return all the keys or a subset of
the keys of an array
"Qandahar");
$new_arr = array_keys($arr);
print_r($new_arr);
> Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 1 [2] => 2 [3] =>
3 )

Arrays: in_array()
• in_array — Checks if a value exists in an array
"Qandahar");
if(in_array("Kabul",$arr)){
echo "Found";
}else{
echo "Not Found";
}
> Found

Arrays: is_array()
• is_array — Finds whether a variable is an array
"Qandahar");
if(is_array($arr)){
echo "YES";
}else{
echo "NO";
}
> YES

Arrays: shuffle()
• shuffle — Shuffle an array
"Qandahar");
shuffle($arr);
print_r($arr);
> Array ( [0] => Balkh [1] => Herat [2] =>
Qandahar [3] => Kabul )
> Array ( [0] => Herat [1] => Qandahar [2]
=> Kabul [3] => Balkh )
> ….

Arrays: array_unique()
• array_unique — Removes duplicate values
from an array
"Qandahar","Kabul");
$new_arr = array_unique($arr);
print_r($new_arr);
> Array ( [0] => Kabul [1] => Balkh [2] =>
Herat [3] => Qandahar )

LOOPS
• In computer programming, a loop is a sequence
of instructions that is continually repeated until a
certain condition is reached.
• An infinite loop is one that lacks a functioning exit
routine . The result is that the loop repeats
continually until the operating system senses it
and terminates the program with an error or until
some other event occurs (such as having the
program automatically terminate after a certain
duration of time).

LOOPS
• for – Syntax
• foreach - Syntax
for (init; condition; increment)
{
code to be executed;
}
foreach ($array as $value)
{
}

LOOPS
• while – Syntax
• do-while – Syntax
while (condition)
{
}
do
{
}
while (condition);

PHP Functions
• The real power of PHP comes from its
functions.
• In PHP, there are more than 700 built-in
functions.
• A function will be executed by a call to the
function.
• You may call a function from anywhere within
a page.

PHP Functions: Syntax
• PHP function guidelines:
– Give the function a name that reflects what the
function does
– The function name can start with a letter or
underscore (not a number)
function functionName()
{
}

PHP Functions: Sample
<html>
<body>
<?php
function writeName()
{
echo “Ahmad Mohammad Salih";
}
echo "My name is ";
writeName();
?>
</body>
</html>

PHP Functions - Adding parameters
• To add more functionality to a function, we
can add parameters. A parameter is just like a
variable.
• Parameters are specified after the function
name, inside the parentheses.

PHP Functions – Sample 2
<html>
<body>
<?php
function writeName($fname)
{
echo $fname . " Ahmadi.<br>";
}
echo "My name is ";
writeName(“Ahmad");
echo "My sister's name is ";
writeName(“Saliha");
echo "My brother's name is ";
writeName(“Mohammad");
?>
</body>
</html>

PHP Functions - Return values
• To let a function return a value, use the return
statement.
<html>
<body>
<?php
function add($x,$y)
{
$total=$x+$y;
return $total;
}
echo "1 + 16 = " . add(1,16);
?>
</body>
</html>

POST & GET
• GET requests can be cached
• GET requests remain in the browser history
• GET requests can be bookmarked
• GET requests should never be used when dealing
with sensitive data
• GET requests have length restrictions
– 1,024 characters is a safe upper limit
• GET requests should be used only to retrieve data

POST & GET
• POST requests are never cached
• POST requests do not remain in the browser
history
• POST requests cannot be bookmarked
• POST requests have no restrictions on data
length

POST & GET
<form action=”” method=”get”>
<form action=”” method=”post”>

Difference between PHP4 & PHP5
• PHP4 was powered by Zend Engine 1.0, while
PHP5 was powered by Zend Engine II.
• PHP4 is more of a procedure language while
PHP5 is object oriented.
• In PHP5 one can declare a class as Abstract.
• PHP5 incorporates static methods and properties.
• PHP5 introduces a special function called
__autoload()

• In PHP5, there are 3 levels of visibilities: Public,
private and protected.
• PHP5 introduced exceptions.
• In PHP4, everything was passed by value,
including objects. Whereas in PHP5, all objects
are passed by reference.
• PHP5 introduces interfaces. All the methods
defined in an interface must be public.
• PHP5 introduces new functions.

• PHP5 introduces some new reserved
keywords.
• PHP5 includes additional OOP concepts than
php4, like access specifiers , inheritance etc.
• PHP5 includes reduced consumption of RAM.
• PHP5 introduces increased security against
exploitation of vulnerabilities in PHP scripts.
• PHP5 introduces easier programming through
new functions and extensions.

• PHP5 introduces a brand new built-in SOAP
extension for interoperability with Web
Services.
• PHP5 introduces a new SimpleXML extension
for easily accessing and manipulating XML as
PHP objects.

Exercise!
• Write a program which reverse the order of
the given string
• Write a function which returns the sum of all
elements in a given integer array.
• Write a program which returns the middle
element of a given array
• Write a program which find the duplicates of a
given array and return both the duplicate
values and the new duplicate-free array.

Exercise!
• Find the biggest item of an integer array
(Without using any built-in function e.g.
max())
• Write a program that check if a given program
is palindrome or not
• Write a function which takes an array
(key=>value formatted) as a parameter and
outputs the keys and values in separate
columns of a table.Key value

Exercise!
• A factorial of any given integer, n, is the product
of all positive integers between 1 and n inclu-sive.
So the factorial of 4 is 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24, and the
factorial of 5 is 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 120. This can be
expressed recursively as follows:
– If n == 0, return 1. (This is the base case)
– If n > 0, compute the factorial of n–1, multiply it by n,
and return the result
Write a PHP script that uses a recursive function to
display the factorials of a given number.

Php Intermediate

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