GRID COMPUTING
PRESENTED BY – AHLAM ANSARI(02)

What is GRID COMPUTING? [1]
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“We will probably see the “A computational grid is a
spread of ‘computer utilities’, hardware and software
which, like present electric infrastructure that provides
and telephone utilities, will dependable, consistent,
pervasive, and inexpensive
service individual homes and access to high-end
offices across the country.” computational facilities”
-Kleinrock, 1969 -Foster and Kesselman,
1998

Contd….
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 Grid computing, most
simply stated, is
distributed computing
taken to the next
evolutionary level.

Contd….
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 Grid computing is a
network that is not in the
same place but distributed
resources such as
computers, peripherals,
switches, instruments, and
data.

Contd….
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 Its resources may be
owned by diverse
organizations. Grid can
Middleware (GRID) be viewed as a special
Distributed Environment
type of middleware that
enable sharing and
manage grid
components based on
user requirements and
resource attributes.

Why do we need Grids?[1]
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O Many large-scale problems
cannot be solved by a single
computer
O Globally distributed data
and resources

Background: Related technologies [1]
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Cluster computing
Peer-to-peer computing
Internet computing

Cluster computing
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 Idea: put some PCs
together and get them to
communicate
 Cheaper to build than a
mainframe supercomputer
 Different sizes of clusters
 Scalable – can grow a
cluster by adding more
PCs

Peer-to-peer computing
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 Connect to other
computers
 Can access files from any
computer on the network
 Allows data sharing
without going through
central server
 Decentralized approach
also useful for Grid

Internet computing
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 Idea: many idle PCs on
the Internet
 Can perform other
computations while not
being used
 “Cycle scavenging” –
rely on getting free time
on other people’s
computers

How Grid Works?
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 To grid computing, though its resources have been
pooled, it looks like a huge resource pool from outside.
 But to the user who has submitted a special task, he
doesn’t know which node will complete his job.
 What he need do is to submit his job to the grid
according to a special style, and then what he will do
next is waiting for the result.

Contd…
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 And the grid job schedule system will look for the
resource that is matched to job, and find idle physical
node, send out the job until the job will be finished.
 Though grid can realize parallel job processing, the user
has to prepare the algorithm himself, and send them to
different physical nodes.

What Grid Computing can do? [2]
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1. Exploiting
Grid
underutilized
resources
Idle Busy

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2. Parallel
CPU
Capacity

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3. Virtual resources
and virtual
organizations for
collaboration

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4. Access to
additional
resources

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5. Resource
balancing

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6. Reliability

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7. Management

Grid Computing VS Cloud Computing [3]
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 Job scheduling is the core value  Computing, cloud computing will
and aim of grid technology, its aim make a huge resource pool
is to use all kinds of resources. through grouping all the resources.
 It can divide a huge task into a lot  But the resources provided by
of independent and no related sub cloud is to complete a special task.
tasks, and then let every node do  For example, a user may apply
the jobs. resource from the resource pool to
 Even any node fails and doesn’t deploy its application, not submit
return result, it doesn’t matter; the its task to grid and let grid
whole process will not be affected. complete it
 Even one node crashes, the task it
should do will be reassigned to
other nodes

Contd….
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 Construction of grid is to  Cloud computing is designed to
complete a specified task, there meet general application, and
are biology grid, geography grid, there are not grid for a special
national educational grid and so field.
on.
 Construction of grid is to  Cloud computing is designed to
complete a specified task, there meet general application, and
are biology grid, geography grid, there are not grid for a special
national educational grid and so field.
on.

Contd…
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 It has some advantages, such  Cloud computing extends the
as: advantages of grid.
 One can provide unlimited  More and more applications will
be completed through internet
compute power through any by cloud computing.
computer, and can get a great
deal of information.  Users can get an application
environment or application itself
 This environment can help not buying new servers and new
enterprise complete tasks that software. available resources
are very hard before, and use are not limited inside the
their systems efficiently, to meet enterprise, it can be extended
the user’s requirement and hardware and software attained
decrease the management cost. through internet.

Desktop Grid Computing[4]
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 Lots of Desktop Computers
on the Internet, but only
some High-Performance
PCs.
 Not Always Active.
 Assemble their Computing
Power while not active.

Alchemi Desktop Grid [4]
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 Microsoft Windows based grid computing infrastructure will play a
critical role in the industry-wide adoption of grids due to the large-
scale deployment of Windows within enterprises.
 This enables the harnessing of the unused computational power of
desktop PCs and workstations to create a virtual supercomputing
resource at a fraction of the cost of traditional supercomputers.

Contd….
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 However, there is a distinct lack of service oriented architecture-
based grid computing software in this space.
 To overcome this limitation, a Windows-based grid computing
framework called Alchemi is implemented on the Microsoft .NET
Platform.

Basic Architecture
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Alchemi
architecture
and
interaction
between its
components

Alchemi deployment
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Proposed Paper
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Performance Evaluation of Error Back
Propagation Training Algorithm using
Desktop Grid

Desktop grid deployment
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O O Alchemi Owner
m m Alchemi Manager
e e e e Alchemi Executor

Performance Evaluation
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Execution Time (ms)

Conclusion
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As the number of executors increase the time
required for executing the thread reduces.
Hence by using the desktop grid we can
increase the performance of EBPTA.

References
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[1] http://www.idi.ntnu.no/research/doctor_theses/zoran.pdf
[2] http://www.ibm.com/Redbooks/Introduction_to_GridComputing_with_Globus.pdf
[3] The Comparison Between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing, 2010
International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM
2010)
[4] Alchemi: A .NET Grid Application Framework, Grid Computing Research
Laboratory Binghamton University

Thank You