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1. STEREOTYPES
4th EPAL KAVALAS GREECE

2.  “Thoughts or
ideas
 currently
accepted by
 a group or
society and
 that present a
 immutable
character.”
An oversimplified idea or
image about a certain
group of people that is
widely accepted by
others.
Examples:
All American have guns.
Black people are the best
athletes.
Chinese people always eat
rice.
Pakistanis are peace
lovers.

3.  A “stereotype” is a generalization about a person or
 group of persons. We develop stereotypes when we
 are unable or unwilling to obtain all of the
 information we would need to make fair judgments
 about people or situations.
 Television, books, comic strips, and movies are all
 abundant sources of stereotyped characters.
 Stereotypes also evolve out of fear of persons from
 minority groups.

4.  Why do Stereotypes occur?
 Stereotypes arise as a way of explaining
or justifying differences between groups.
 Lack of exposure to other groups,
cultures, etc.

5. STEREOTYPE VERSUS ATTITUDE AND
PREJUDICE:
 An attitude is an evaluative judgment of an object,
a person, or a social group. We can form an attitude
toward soccer players. We can have many different
types
of attitudes toward soccer players that can either be
positive or negative.
 A stereotype is the association of a person or a
social group with a consistent set of traits. This may
include both positive and negative traits, such as African
Americans are great at sports or African Americans are
more violent than any other race in the United States.

6.  Prejudice is defined as unfair negative attitude
 toward a social group or a member of that group.
 Prejudices can stem from many of the things that
 people observe in a different social group that
 include, but are not limited to, gender, sex,
 race/ethnicity, or religion.

7. TRADITIONS OF STEREOTYPES:
 Nowadays, the notion of stereotype is widely used in
different areas, and even in linguistics, there are two
major traditions of understanding it.
 The first approach defines stereotype as ‘a fixed form,
fixed expression, or even fixed text.’
 According to the second approach, stereotype is seen
 as ‘a fixed content, a fixed mental image of a person, an
object or an event.’

8. Stereotype vs. prototype
“Prototypically is basically a psychological notion,
Stereotypicality is a sociolinguistic notion”.

9. Use of Stereotypes:
Lack off says that the use of stereotypes is
conscious: this is plausible.
He also says that stereotypes change, it can
persist in the face of change.
They are also typically associated with evaluative
features.

10. ETHNIC STEREOTYPES:
 Ethnic stereotypes are regarded as images of others
formed in people’s heads.
 In practice, they consist in projections of certain sets of
traits, which are believed to be typical of a given ethnic
group.

11. IMPLICIT STEREOTYPES VS. EXPLICIT
STEREOTYPES:
 An implicit stereotype is the unconscious attribution
of particular qualities to a member of a certain
social group.
 Explicit stereotypes are the result of intentional,
conscious, and controllable thoughts and beliefs.

12.  Gender stereotypes:
 “Gender stereotype is belief about the personal attribute
of females and males.”
 Types of Gender Stereotypes:
The stereotype begins since a baby.
 Female Stereotype:
If baby was girl, their tendency are more to girlish thing
like wear pink clothes, toys like a Barbie doll.
 Men stereotype:
From the beginning, since they were small boys are
taught to be tough, to be protective and to defend
themselves.

13. POSITIVE ASPECTS OF STEREOTYPES:
 Stereotypes provide many positive functions as well.
 Stereotypes ease the burden of information processing.
 It also providing a functional aspect to social
perseveres.
 Stereotypes can serve a data reduction function by
providing expectancies that filter experience, directing
attention, and other processing resources to
expectancy- relevant information.
 Also they function by economizing cognition by
enriching the information available about a stereotyped
target.
 Lastly they enable us to go beyond the information given
in social encounters and fill in any gaps in our extant
knowledge base.

14. TO SUM UP, IT CAN BE SAID,
 Stereotype is the reflection on how people see
members of different groups’ actually behaving,
stereotypes change should occur when the relation
between the groups is changing and altered.
Stereotypes offer a shortcut for meaning as they
convey a lot of information quickly. They condense
complex information into character who is easy to
recognize and easy to deal with. They are often
minority groups.
 The importance of conceptualizing and examining
stereotype formation, maintenance and change at
the level of social networks and how this can add to
our overall understanding of the cultural dynamics
of stereotypes is

15.  In sum, the notion of stereotype came into language
studies not so long ago, but it has already been applied
to various branches like lexicography, semantics and
pragmatics, and has good chances to be integrated in
modern linguistic theories