1. The Mobilized & Virtual
Gaze in Modernity:
Flaneur/Flaneuse

2. 1.
1 About the Author
2. Some of the terms
3. Panorama & Diorama
vs Panoptica
p
4. Where to now?

3. Who is Anne Friedberg?
1952 -2009
A historian and theorist of modern
media culture, interests include film
and media histories and theories
theories,
visual culture and early cinema,
theories of vision and visuality,
architecture and fil global media
hit t d film, l b l di
culture.
Major Works
• Close-Up 1927-1933: Cinema and Modernism, co-edited by Anne Friedberg,
James Donald and Laura Marcus (Princeton University Press, 1998)
Press
• Window Shopping: Cinema and the Postmodern, by Anne Friedberg
(University of California Press, 1993)
• Th Vi
The Virtual Wi d
l Window: From Alb i to Mi
F Alberti Microsoft, b A
f by Anne F i db
Friedberg (Th MIT
(The
Press, 2006)

4. Some of the terms
• Modernity: a social formation coincident
with late 18th and early 19th century
y 9 y
industrialisation and urbanisation
• Gaze: Mobilized and virtual visuality
• Mobilized & Virtual Gaze: Spacial and
temporal mobility

5. Flaneur & Flaneuse
Flaneur wandered the streets in modern
times observing but not p
g participating
p g
Flaneuse i the f
Fl is h female equivalent b did not
l i l but
really have a place until the development
of the cinema & ultimately the shopping
mall

6. Panoptica & the cinema
• Panoptic model was used as an
explanation in the development of the
p p
cinema, due to:
- film spectator being totally invisible
- the cinema is in an enclosed space
However…
the
th panoptic model d
ti d l does not explore th
t l the
subjectivity of the observer

7. The Panorama

8. Panorama vs Panoptica

9. The diorama

10. Diorama vs Panoptica

11. Where does this lead us to?
• In cinematic times – the viewer remained
immobile in front of the screen, now we
,
have “new forms of ever-virtual mobility”
• Multi screen “windows”
Multi-screen windows
• Window shopping & windows shopping
converge

12. References
• Cl
Close-Up 1927-1933: Ci
U Cinema and
d
Modernism, co-edited by Anne Friedberg,
James Donald and Laura M
J D ld d L Marcus (P i
(Princeton
t
University Press, 1998)
• Window Shopping: Cinema and the
i d h i i d h
Postmodern, by Anne Friedberg (University
of C lif
f California P
i Press, 1993)
)
• The Virtual Window: From Alberti to
Microsoft, by Anne Friedberg (The MIT
Press, 2006)