Soil to Engine Integrated Strategy for Sustainable Biofuels Energy Generation

1. An integrated strategy “soil-to-engine”
for Moroccan territorial development
and biofuels-based energy generation
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

2. Conceiving a possible strategy
for Moroccan territorial development
Morocco is dominated by the Mediterranean climate as rainfall occurs mostly
within the cool season, whilst the warm season is dry.
The main bioclimatic subdivisions are:
- Saharan or desert, with annual rainfall less than 100 mm and erratic. Winter
temperatures are mild along the Atlantic coast, but become cool some 10 km
inland and cold further inland;
- Arid, with annual rainfall ranging from 100 mm to 400 mm. This concerns
the southern fringe of the Atlas mountains, the Moulouya Valley, the Eastern
High Plateaus, the Souss plain and the plains north of the Atlas. The Pre-
Saharan zone, bound by the 100 mm and the 200 mm isohyets and extending
over 5.7 million hectares, belongs to this bioclimatic zone.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

3. Conceiving a possible strategy
for Moroccan territorial development
- Semi-arid, with annual rainfall ranging from 400 mm to 600 mm. This concerns
the major cereal regions such as the plains of Doukkala, Chaouia, Gharb, Saiss,
as well as large portions of the Anti Atlas, High Atlas, Middle Atlas, Central
Plateau, the Pre-Rif zone and the Eastern Rif mountain range;
-Sub-humid, with annual rainfall ranging from 600 to 800 mm, encountered
within the mountain ranges of the Rif, the Middle Atlas, the High Atlas and on
localised coastal area (Western Mamora cork-oak forest).
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

4. Conceiving a possible strategy
for Moroccan territorial development
Morocco physical map and annual rainfall
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

5. Conceiving a possible strategy TECNOFOREST Co.
for Moroccan territorial development
Traditional societies resorted to tribal prayers and dance rituals to induce rain.
Morocco has taken a more scientific approach. For over three decades, the
Country has been developing high-tech solutions to fight drought, increase
snow coverage and better understand precipitation.
The chief focus is Morocco's programme to develop artificial precipitation. Rain
can be induced by flying through clouds and spreading a combination of silver,
sodium and acetone. However, clouds must be extremely cold. To determine
when they have reached a suitable temperature, the sky must be observed with
radar and other sophisticated technology.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

6. Conceiving a possible strategy TECNOFOREST Co.
for Moroccan territorial development
An alternative strategy could be based on soil natural fertilization as induced by
an extensive, progressive establishment of a vegetation canopy.
Whilst sub-humid zones could become candidate for self-fertilizing rapid-growth
forestation, arid zones could be positively addressed to oil-seeds cultivation.
Forestation activities may induce a progressive increase of local levels in evapo-
transpiration with remarkable improvement of local micro-climate.
On the other side, biomass (from wood) and bio-oil (from oil seeds) may become
valuable biofuels for territorial energy generation and also energy ‘commodities’
with interesting market value at international level.
Let us introduce a proposal conceived, at the University of Genova, jointly by
DIMSET/SCL and TECNOFOREST, an academic spin-off in the ‘Bio-Energies’ field.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

7. Soil characterization
and arboreal-seeds’ activated germination techniques
TECNOFOREST is an engineering/ agronomic company, recently established
as a University spin-off (from DIMSET/SCL) endowed with a germplasm bank
and an annexed arboreal seedlings nursery.
A germ-plasm bank is essentially an arboreal seeds’ organised collection
comprising, in sequence, the following sections:
• seeds desiccation
• seeds conservation
• activated germination
The ”Conservation area” is equipped with refrigeration systems ( - 20 °C)
suitable to strongly reduce seeds’ metabolism, in a temperature/humidity
controlled environment. By these means, seeds can be conserved for very
long times. They can also be pre-conditioned for activated germination.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

8. TECNOFOREST Co.
The Germ-Plasm Bank
Arboreal Seeds Desiccation - Refrigeration
Freezer cells
with seeds’
containers Trees’
seedlings
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

9. TECNOFOREST Co.
Soil characterization
and arboreal-seeds’ activated germination techniques
When the sowing operation is planned to start, the seeds are taken out
from the refrigeration cells in order to undergo a bio-fermentation process
in dedicated fermenters, at about 35 °C temperature in a saturated water
vapor environment. These conditions induce a safe, rapid and efficient
activation of the seeds’ germination.
In a first scenario, named AHS, “Aerial Hydro Seeding”, situation-specific
hydro-mixtures are prepared by properly selecting quantities and species
of the germinating seeds. Then, these latter undergo mixing, in airborne
“pouring tanks”, with rain water containing biodynamic nutrients and
binding agents. Finally, from the tanks being carried by helicopters, the
above hydro-mixtures can be sprayed over wide territorial expanses, even
of difficult reach or at all unaccessible by land.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

10. TECNOFOREST Co.
Soil characterization
and arboreal-seeds’ activated germination techniques
Aerial Hydro-Seeding Modalities
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

11. TECNOFOREST Co.
Soil characterization
and arboreal-seeds’ activated germination techniques
A very interesting variant of Hydro-Seeding technique is called Osmopriming,
which has been specifically conceived for helping seeds’ germination and root-
taking in arid environments. In general, seed priming is a pre-sowing strategy
for inducing seedling development by modulating pre-germination metabolic
activity prior to emergence of the radicle.
Osmopriming is a technique by which seeds (in particular oil-rich seeds) are
soaked in osmotic solutions, such as polyethylene glycol, characterised by a
powerful and time-prolonged seed-hydration capacity. Typically, germinating
seeds, soaked into the osmotic solution, are embedded (in regular order) within
long, biodegradable tissue strips to be deployed, row by row, even for
hundredths of hectares, on arid terrains. By this means, mechanical harvesting
is also remarkably favoured and enhanced.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

12. TECNOFOREST Co.
Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry
In an alternative scenario, named RGCF, “Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry”,
the germinating seeds are planted in a tree nursery so to become, after about
10 months, seedlings (25-30 cm tall) ready to be transplanted into the target
territory.
The families and species of the tree seedlings, rich in biodiversity, belong to
the “hardwood” type (high lignin content): they, organised in so-called
“consociated woods”, are characterised by peculiar soil (‘humus’) enriching
activity and rapid growth. Their wood is particularly rich in calorific value.
Typical consociated trees are the following: Syberian Elm, Field Elm, Ciliate
Elm, Ash Oxyphyllus, Wild Cherry, Myrobalan, Prunus Mahaleb, Torminalis
Sorb, Bohemian Olive tree, Field Maple and some others.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

13. TECNOFOREST Co.
Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry
Tree Seedlings Nursery
(TECNOFOREST Co.)
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

14. TECNOFOREST Co.
Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry
Seedlings
Transplanting
(April 2008)
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

15. TECNOFOREST Co.
Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry
Seedlings
Transplanting
(April 2008)
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

16. TECNOFOREST Co.
Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry
Seedlings
Transplanting
(April 2008)
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

17. Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry TECNOFOREST Co.
date: July 2008,
3 months from transplanting
RAPID GROWTH OF THE TREES date: August 2008,
4 months from transplanting
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

18. Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry TECNOFOREST Co.
date: October 2009, 18 months from transplanting
RAPID GROWTH OF THE TREES
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

19. Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry TECNOFOREST Co.
date: July 2010, 28 months from transplanting
RAPID GROWTH OF THE TREES
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

20. Rapid-Growth Consociated Forestry TECNOFOREST Co.
Consociated Wood
at Carpi (Emilia Region)
8 years from transplanting
RAPID GROWTH OF THE TREES
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

21. Solid Biomass Conversion Technologies
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

22. Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

23. F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

24. Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

25. Wood-Biomass Thermal Pre-Treatments at DIMSET/SCL
Torrefaction is a feasible method for improving the properties of biomass as
a fuel. It consists of a slow heating of biomass in an inert atmosphere to a
maximum temperature of 300 °C. The treatment yields a solid uniform
product with quite lower volume and moisture contents and sensibly higher
heat values compared to those in the initial biomass.
It is a predictable, flexible fuel with optimum combustion and transport
economies. Due to the low moisture content of torrefied wood, the transport
cost is lower and the quality as a fuel is higher. It is easily packaged,
standardised and transported, and thus constitutes an efficient fuel.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

26. Wood-Biomass Thermal Pre-Treatments at DIMSET/SCL
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

27. Wood-Biomass Thermal Pre-Treatments at DIMSET/SCL
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

28. Wood-Biomass Thermal Pre-Treatments at DIMSET/SCL
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

29. Wood-Biomass Thermal Pre-Treatments at DIMSET/SCL
Wood
Torrefaction
Machine
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

30. Wood-Biomass Combustion for Boiler Application
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

31. Biomass Gasification at
DIMSET/SCL
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

32. Biomass Gasification at
DIMSET/SCL
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

33. Biomass Gasification at DIMSET/SCL
BioSyn 10
Gasifier
operational
on its
‘power
pallet’
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

34. Biomass Gasification at DIMSET/SCL
BioSyn 10
Gasifier
operational
on its
‘power
pallet’
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

35. Liquid Biofuel Energy Conversion Technologies
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

36. Liquid Biofuel Energy Conversion Technologies
Biomass pyrolysis processes
Flash Fast Medium Slow
>106 W/m2 >105 W/m2 >104 W/m2 >103 W/m2
Gas
Bio-oil
Char
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

37. Liquid Biofuel Energy Conversion Technologies
Biomass flash-pyrolysis pilot plant at DIMSET/SCL
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

38. Bio-Oil Production on Moroccan Territories
Jatropha curcas:
a “powerful, grow-it anywhere” oil plant
Fruits
kanpurdehat.nic.in
http://www.weihenstephan.de/blm/l
eu/forschung/abbildungen/pugier
Family: Euphorbiaceae Seeds
Subfamily: Crotonoideae
Tribe: Jatropheae
Genus: Jatropha
Species: curcas
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

39. Bio-Oil Production on Moroccan Territories
• Cultivation is uncomplicated. Jatropha curcas
grows in tropical and subtropical regions.
• The plant can grow on almost any terrain, even on
gravelly, sandy and saline soils.
• It can thrive in poor and stony soils.
• Complete germination is achieved within 9 days.
• No manure adding is needed during germination.
• It can be propagated by cuttings, which yields
faster results than multiplication by seeds.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

40. Bio-Oil Production on Moroccan Territories
• Flowers develop only at stems’ ends, so a good
ramification yields the greatest amount of fruits.
• The plants are self-compatible (self-fertilizing).
• Jatropha thrives on a mere 250 mm of rain a year.
• Only during its first two years it needs some water
in the closing days of the dry season.
• This shrub has a life expectancy of 40 years.
• Pesticides are not needed: curcas is poisonous,
pesticidal and fungicidal by itself.
• The plant starts yielding from 9–12 months time,
best yields are obtained after 2 – 3 years time.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

41. Bio-Oil Production on Moroccan Territories
• Inflorescence: up to 10 fruits.
• Each fruit contains 3 dark seeds about 1.5 - 2 cm
long and 0.7 - 1 g weight.
• Seed production is around 0.7 - 2 kg/plant which
corresponds to 3.5 tons/hectare
• Propagation through seed (sexual propagation)
leads to high genetic variability in terms of growth,
biomass, seed yield, oil content. Clonal techniques
can help in optimizing this issue.
• Vegetative propagation can be achieved by stem
cuttings, grafting, budding and air layering.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

42. Bio-Oil Production on Moroccan Territories
• Seed-oil extraction is achievable by appropriate
technologies, of mechanical or hydraulic type.
• Seed-oil content varies from 28% to 35%: one
hectare of plantation will thus give from 1.6 to 2 ton
of oil, for average soils.
• Jatropha oil is not edible, as it induces strong
vomiting and diarrhea (“spurge”).
• The oily seeds are processed into oil, which may be
used directly (“straight vegetable oil") to fuel
stationary internal combustion engines or may be
subjected to transesterification to produce biodiesel
for road vehicle applications.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

43. Bio-Oil Production on Moroccan Territories
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

44. Bio-Oil Production on Moroccan Territories
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

45. Bio-Oil Production on Moroccan Territories
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

46. …and finally: Jatropha Curcas as a Multi-Purpose Tree
• Full plant: erosion control, fire wood, hedge plant
• Bark: rich in tannin, dark blu dye
• Leaves: rearing of silkworm, dyeing, anti-inflammatory substance
• Latex: has pesticidal and mollusc control properties
• Flowers: attract bees, potential use honey production
• Seed oil: soap production, insecticide, lubrificant, fuel
• Seed cake: fertiliser, biogas, fodder (detoxified varieties)
• Seed shells: combustibile
• Fruit hulls: green manure, biogas
• Roots: oil with anti-helminthic properties
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

47. Power generation by means of bio-oil fueled int. comb. engines
Overall Scenario of Bio-Fuels derived from Solid Biomass and Oily-Seeds
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

48. Biorefinery processes for Biodiesel Production
Biodiesel Reaction
Combining : Yields:
Vegetable Oil
(100 kg) Biodiesel
+ (100 kg)
Methanol or
+
Ethanol
(10 kg) Glycerin
+ (10 kg)
Sodium Hydroxide
as catalyst (5 kg)
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

49. Power generation by means of bio-oil fueled int. comb. engines
Straight vegetable oil as bio-fuel for stationary engines
Liquid Bio-Fuels Compatible with Engine Manufacturers’ Specifications
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

50. Bio-Oil Fueled Power Generation at DIMSET/SCL
Deutz 250 kW, 1500 rpm, diesel genset at DIMSET/SCL
Join the international Jatropha Club at: www.futureenergyevents.com/jatropha
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

51. Analytical &Thermochemical Laboratory at DIMSET/SCL
(for Bio-Fuels Certified Characterizations)
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

52. Operative Conclusions
• DIMSET/SCL is ready to pursue, jointly with Moroccan institutions
and partner teams, a programme of agronomic/ technological
initiatives aimed at territorial sustainable development and intelligent
energy solutions deployment
• TECNOFOREST can provide agronomic know-how, resources and
related technologies: arboreal seeds selection and development ,
arboreal seedlings supply (from Italy) and local settlements (in
Morocco) of seedlings’ nurseries , hydroseeding technologies, rapid
growth consociated forestry technologies and growth monitoring,
jatropha curcas seeds’ genetic development and propagation
technologies.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

53. Operative Conclusions
• DIMSET/SCL can also provide know-how and technologies in wood
certified characterization (mechanical and thermo-chemical properties),
thermal pre-treatments (desiccation, torrefaction, carbonisation) and
energy utilisation (combustion, gasification, conversion to liquid fuels).
• TECNOFOREST , jointly with DIMSET/SCL, can supply expertise for
jatropha curcas cultivation, periodic harvesting, bio-oil extraction and
analytical/thermo-chemical characterization.
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

54. Operative Conclusions
• DIMSET/SCL can further provide know-how and technologies in
distributed energy generation for local cogeneration of heat and power
(biomass fueled power-plants via combustion or gasification, bio-oil
fueled internal combustion engines) and related heat-and-power
distribution networks (smart grids)
• DIMSET/SCL is closely linked with manufacturers and providers of
biorefinery technologies (oil seeds milling, extraction and purification,
bio-oil chemical conversion to biodiesel, fermentation reactors, etc.)
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/

55. Thank you for your attention
Assemblée Générale du RMEI F. Pittaluga – University of Genova
‘Rabat 2011’ - 29-30 Septembre DIMSET/SCL – Savona Combustion Laboratory
pittalug@unige.it
Ecole Nationale de l’Industrie Minérale
http://proxy.sv.inge.unige.it/SCL/