1. ON
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Mrs.Amandeep Kaur Kulveer Kaur
Neha
Ritka
M.C.A 5 sem
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2. Introduction to E-Commerce
Commerce (e-commerce) or electronic commerce, a subset of ebusiness, is the purchasing, selling,
and exchanging of goods and services over computer networks (such as the Internet) through which
transactions or terms of sale are performed electronically. Contrary to popular belief, ecommerce is
not just on the Web. In fact, ecommerce was alive and well in business to business transactions
before the Web back in the 70s via EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) through VANs (Value-Added
Networks).
The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic
funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing,
electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection
systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in
the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail
as well.
For sellers, e-commerce offers a way to cut costs and expand their markets. They do not need to
build, staff, or maintain a physical store or print and distribute mail order catalogs. Automated order
tracking and billing systems cut additional labor costs, and if the product or service can be
downloaded then e-commerce firms have no distribution costs involved. Because the products can
be sold sell over the global Internet, sellers have the potential to market their products or services
globally and are not limited by the physical location of a store. Internet technologies also permit
sellers to track the interests and preferences of their customers with the customer's permission and
then use this information to build an ongoing relationship with the customer by customizing
products and services to meet the customer's needs.
History of E-Commerce
• E-Commerce as a revolution started in the year 1997 when the people started
conceptualizing the opportunities of E-Business.
• The word E-Business was first used by the IBM in 1997 when it launched a
thematic campaign built around it.
• Before E-Commerce came into existence corporate houses adopted EDI .Where EDI
stands for electronic data interchange.
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3. • It is a technology which is about 25 years old has not been successful. In order to
solve the problems and limitations of EDI the e-commerce system has been evolved.
Aspects of E-Commerce
• E-tailing or The Virtual Storefront and the Virtual Mall
o As a place for direct retail shopping, with its 24-hour availability, a global
reach, the ability to interact and provide custom information and ordering,
and multimedia prospects, the Web is a multi-billion dollar source of
revenue for the world's businesses.
o As early as the middle of 1997, Dell Computers reported orders of a million
dollars a day.
o By early 1999, projected e-commerce revenues for business were in the
billions of dollars and the stocks of companies deemed most adept at e-
commerce were skyrocketing. Web retailing continues to grow.
• Market Research
o In early 1999, it was widely recognized that because of the interactive nature
of the Internet, companies could gather data about prospects and customers
in unprecedented amounts -through site registration, questionnaires, and as
part of taking orders.
o The issue of whether data was being collected with the knowledge and
permission of market subjects had been raised.
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
o EDI is the exchange of business data using an understood data format.
o It predates today's Internet. EDI involves data exchange among parties that
know each other well and make arrangements for one-to-one (or point-to-
point) connection, usually dial-up.
o EDI may be replaced by one or more standard XML formats, such as
ebXML.
o
• Email, social networking and instant messaging
o E-commerce is also conducted through email, instant messaging and social
networking sites such as <term>Facebook</term>.
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4. o To avoid the perception of spam, Opt-In Email is an option in which Web
users voluntarily sign up to receive email, usually sponsored or containing
ads, about product categories or other subjects they are interested in.
• Business-to-Business Buying and Selling
o Thousands of companies that sell products to other companies have
discovered that the Web provides not only a 24-hour-a-day showcase for
their products but a quick way to reach the right people in a company for
more information.
• The Security of Business Transactions
o Security includes authenticating business transactors, controlling access to
resources such as Web pages for registered or selected users,
encrypting communications, and, in general, ensuring the privacy and
effectiveness of transactions.
o Among the most widely-used security technologies is the Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL), which is built into Web browsers.
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5. E-Commerce Key Components
• Placement
o This component is vital to any E-commerce business. It focuses on the
business being highly visible and easy to access
• Merchandise and audience size
o This component focuses on ensuring that product lines are kept in stock and
that delivery is on time .The audience size of the e-business marketplace,
spans across all geographical boundaries. It is important to create capabilities
that facilitate global commerce
• Presentation
o This focuses on two key context dimensions: function and aesthetics.
Businesses can employ presentation that is predominantly focused on one or
the other in its presentation. At times, the two contexts are combined
• Payment
o The marketplace capability integrates with other applications for financial
and payment processing. Applications include the ability to purchase using a
credit card and require integration to provide supplier invoice information to
the buyer and to indicate invoice payment status
• Security
o This component must be given particular attention by e-businesses as it is an
ongoing concern for consumers. E-businesses must instill trust in its users by
ensuring the security of all transactions and this can be achieved through
many methods such as encryption and authentication
• Fulfillment
o Once the online purchase order has been generated, the marketplace can
allow buyers and sellers to manage the fulfillment process. The fulfillment
process must be enabled to ensure delivery.
Types of E-Commerce
• B2B (Business-to-Business)
o Internet-based business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce is conducted through
industry-sponsored marketplaces and through private exchanges set up by
large companies for their suppliers and customers.
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6. o Of course, companies also sell to business customers through their own Web
sites.
o B2B commerce is done through negotiated contracts that allow the seller to
anticipate and plan for how much the buyer will purchase.
o In some cases B2B is not so much a matter of generating revenue as it is a
matter of making connections with business partners.
o Examples
 Online companies that specialize in marketing strategies, advertising,
email companies, internet consultants, website development etc.
 Also, as an offshoot of these companies, there are various internet
resources such as online magazines, including the E-Commerce
Times and BtoBOnline.com.
o Websites using B2B
 http://www.ec21.com/?gclid=CKv48NTdrKMCFdFR6woddm8J5Q
 http://www.b2btrademy.com/
 http://www.intoweb.co.za/et-online-shopping.html
 http://www.gxs.com/
• B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
o Business-to-consumer (B2C, sometimes also called Business-to-Customer)
describes activities of businesses serving end consumers with products
and/or services.
o In B2C transactions, online transactions are made between businesses and
individual consumers. Businesses sell products and services through
electronic channels directly to the consumer
o An example of a B2C transaction would be a person buying a pair of shoes
from a retailer.
o The transactions that led to the shoes being available for purchase, that is the
purchase of the leather, laces, rubber, etc. as well as the sale of the shoe
from the shoemaker to the retailer would be considered (B2B) transactions.
o B2C E-Commerce involves what is known as electronic retailing or e-
tailing.
 E-tailing involves online retail sales. E-tailing makes it easier for a
manufacturer to sell directly to a customer, cutting out the need for
an intermediary (retailer).
o With B2C transactions there is no need for retailers and therefore, no need
for a physical store from which to distribute products.
o Examples
 Amazon.com is an excellent example of a B2C company.
 Dell selling me a laptop
 Mc Donalds selling me a Big Mac
 DrugStore.com
 eBay.com
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7. o C2B (Consumer-to-Business)
o Consumer-to-business (C2B) is an electronic commerce business model in
which consumers (individuals) offer products and services to companies and
the companies pay them.
o This business model is a complete reversal of traditional business model
where companies offer goods and services to consumers (business-to-
consumer = B2C).
o A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and within hours
companies review the consumer's requirements and bid on the project.
o The consumer reviews the bids and selects the company that will complete
the project.
o Examples of this include
o CTB
o SpeakOut.com
o These sites provide consumers with market strategies and businesses also use
them to gain insight into consumer wants.
o These groups may be economically motivated, as with demand aggregators,
or socially orientated
o C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)
o Consumer-to-Consumer or Peer-to-Peer is defined as exchanges
between/among consumers.
o These exchanges can involve a third-party involvement, which can facilitate
and provide the infrastructure, place and governance for the
transactions/exchanges.
o There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where
individuals can buy and sell thanks to online payment systems like PayPal
where people can send and receive money online with ease.
o EBay’s auction service is a great example of where person-to-person
transactions take place everyday since 1995.
 Here consumers can bid for and sell items of any description, for any
price.
o An example of P2P exchanges are
• file swapping sites/programs, such as Kazaa and eDonkey
o Business to Employees(B2E)
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8. o An intra business network which allows companies to provide products and/
or services to their employees.
o Companies generally use B2E networks to automate employee-related
corporate processes.
o B2E portal is a customized home page or desktop for everyone within an
organization One URL for everyone in the organization
o A mixture of organization-specific and employee-defined components
o The potential to be customized and altered to suit the needs of a particular
employee
o Examples of B2E applications include:
o Online insurance policy management
o Corporate announcement dissemination
o Online supply requests
o Special employee offers
o Employee benefits reporting
o 401(k) Management
Business Applications
o Some common applications related to electronic commerce are the following:
o Email
 Electronic mail, commonly called email or e-mail, is a method of
exchanging digital messages across the Internet or other computer
networks.
 Email systems are based on a store-and-forward model in which
email server computer systems accept, forward, deliver and store
messages on behalf of users, who only need to connect to the email
infrastructure, typically an e-mail server, with a network-enabled
device for the duration of message submission or retrieval.
 Originally, email was transmitted directly from one user's device to
another user's computer, which required both computers to be online
at the same time.
o Enterprise content management
 Enterprise Content Management (ECM) refers to the technologies,
strategies, methods and tools used to capture, manage, store,
preserve, and deliver content and documents related to an
organization
 "Enterprise content management as integrative middleware
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9. • ECM is used to overcome the restrictions of former vertical
applications and island architectures.
• The user is basically unaware of using an ECM solution.
ECM offers the requisite infrastructure for the new world of
web-based IT, which is establishing itself as a kind of third
platform alongside conventional host and client/server
systems.
 Enterprise content management components as independent services
• ECM is used to manage information without regard to the
source or the required use.
• The functionality is provided as a service that can be used
from all kinds of applications.
• The advantage of a service concept is that for any given
functionality only one general service is available, thus
avoiding redundant, expensive and difficult to maintain
parallel functions.
 Enterprise content management as a uniform repository for all types
of information
• ECM is used as a content warehouse (both data warehouse
and document warehouse) that combines company
information in a repository with a uniform structure.
• Expensive redundancies and associated problems with
information consistency are eliminated.
• All applications deliver their content to a single repository,
which in turn provides needed information to all applications.
• Therefore, content integration and ILM (Information
Lifecycle Management) will play an important role in the
implementation and use of ECM.
o Instant messaging
 Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time direct text-based
communication between two or more people using personal
computers or other devices, along with shared software clients.
 The user's text is conveyed over a network, such as the Internet. More
advanced instant messaging software clients also allow enhanced
modes of communication, such as live voice or video calling.
 Instant messaging (IM) is a collection of technologies used for real-
time text-based communication between two or more participants
over the Internet, or other types of networks.
 IM allows effective and efficient communication, allowing
immediate receipt of acknowledgment or reply.
 In many cases instant messaging includes additional features which
can make it even more popular.
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10. • For example, users can see each other by using webcams, or
talk directly for free over the Internet using a microphone and
headphones or loudspeakers. Many client programs allow file
transfers as well, although they are typically limited in the
permissible file-size.
 It is typically possible to save a text conversation for later reference.
Instant messages are often logged in a local message history, making
it similar to the persistent nature of e-mails
o Newsgroups
 A Usenet newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet
system, for messages posted from many users in different locations.
The term may be confusing to some, because it is usually a
discussion group.
 Newsgroups are technically distinct from, but functionally similar to,
discussion forums on the World Wide Web.
 Newsreader software is used to read newsgroups.
 Newsgroups generally come in either of two types, binary or text.
• There is no technical difference between the two, but the
naming differentiation allows users and servers with limited
facilities to minimize network bandwidth usage.
 Generally, Usenet conventions and rules are enacted with the
primary intention of minimizing the overall amount of network
traffic and resource usage.
 Newsgroups are much like the public message boards on old bulletin
board systems.
 These are the most widely distributed and carefully controlled
newsgroup hierarchies
• Comp:- Computer-related topics
• Humanities: - Topics related to the.
• Misc:-Miscellaneous topics.
• News:- Matters related to the functioning of Usenet itself
• Rec:- Recreation and entertainment topics
• Sci-: Science related topic
• Soc:-Discussion related to society and social subcultures
o Shopping cart software
 Shopping cart software is software used in e-commerce to assist
people making purchases online, analogous to the American English
term 'shopping cart'. In British English it is generally known as a
shopping basket, almost exclusively shortened on websites to
'basket'.
 Software allows online shopping customers to accumulate a list of
items for purchase, described metaphorically as "placing items in the
shopping cart". Upon checkout, the software typically calculates a
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11. total for the order, including shipping and handling (i.e. postage and
packing) charges and the associated taxes, as applicable.
 Components
• Storefront:
o Area of the Web store that is accessed by visitors to
the online shop. Category, product, and other pages
(e.g. search, best sellers, etc.) are dynamically
generated by the software based on the information
saved in the store database.
o The look of the storefront can normally be changed by
the store owner so that it merges with the rest of the
Web site
• Administration:
o The area of the Web store that is accessed by the
merchant to manage the online shop.
o The amount of store management features changes
depending on the sophistication of the shopping cart
software chosen by the merchant, but in general a
store manager is able to add and edit products,
categories, discounts, shipping and payment settings,
etc.
o Order management features are also included in many
shopping cart programs.
o The administration area can be:
 based (accessed through a Web browser)
 Desktop-based (a desktop application that runs
on the user's computer and then transfers
changes to the storefront component)
o Teleconferencing
 A teleconference or teleseminar is the live exchange and mass
articulation of information among several persons and machines
remote from one another but linked by a telecommunications system.
 Telecommunications system may support the teleconference by
providing one or more of the following: audio, video, and/or data
services by one or more means, such as telephone, computer,
telegraph, teletype, radio, and television.
o Electronic tickets
 An electronic ticket or e-ticket is used to represent the purchase of a
seat on a passenger airline, usually through a website or by telephone
although purchase through airline ticket offices or travel agencies can
also get you an e-ticket.
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12.  This form of airline ticket has rapidly replaced the old multi-layered
paper tickets (from close to zero to 100% in about 10 years) and
became mandatory for IATA members as of June 1, 2008.
 During the last few years, where paper tickets were still available,
airlines frequently charged extra for issuing them.
 E-tickets are also available for certain entertainment venues.
 Once a reservation is made, an e-ticket exists only as a digital record
in the airline computers.
 Customers usually print out a copy of their receipt which contains the
record locator or reservation number and the e-ticket number
Impact of E-Commerce
• E-commerce has made a profound impact on Business
o Improve Responsiveness :
 It helps by improving responsiveness to market conditions and
customer preferences.
 Every business must know how important timing is to marketing and
selling products.
 Timing is important to cater to the demands of customers.
 If distributors, dealers and sales force do not get the right information
at the right times, there will be a financial crises as well as losing
valuable customers.
 E-Commerce network enables a company to implement marketing
programmers with greater precision such as:
• Pre-empt competitiveness with a change in marketing tactics
before they can react.
• Improve responsiveness by revising price change and
marketing programmers as and when required.
o Expedites and Streamlines reporting:-
 It has been an experience in conventional commercial practices with
factors like delays and ineffectiveness in reporting systems, crippling
effectiveness. Responsive, timely information flows from sound
management systems.
 Electronic commerce improves delivery and distribution both within
and outside organizations.
 The benefits are:
• Stored lists of key recipients facilitate distribution.
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13. • Electronic delivery time.
o Coordinates sales efforts:-
 Some studies reveal that most sales people spend nearly 75
percent of their time on the roads, relying heavily on telephone
calls for contact with their head officers and customers.
 Telephone tag makes an endless frustrating gamma out of
tracking down leads and following up to authenticates sales
calls.
 In addition, misplaced or undelivered information results in
low sales records. Other benefits of electronic business are:
• Eliminating telephone tag.
• Sending and receiving message at convenience.
• Linking sales team numbers to gather, including international
representatives.
• Choosing sales without delays
o Effectiveness and efficiency:-
 Electronic commerce can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of
public relation programmes, broadcast press release, financial
updates and other corporate communication.
 Copy reviews and approvals are expedited by circulating instant
messages to key internal and external contacts
o Close contact with clients:-
 In any business, where maintaining close contact with customers is a
priority consideration, electronic business can increase
responsiveness of the company and ensure customer satisfaction.
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14.  Appointment confirmations, requests for information, follow –up
reports and electronic data interchange can be affected with greater
efficiency using instant messages.
o Planning and execution of meeting:-
 The mechanism of electronic operations in business facilitates
planning and execution of meetings.
 Execution, management of meetings, seminars, workshops,
symposia and conventions take a great deal of time and efforts to
manage.
 Arrangements must be coordinated among a variety of diverse
groups in different locations e.g., hotels, speakers, exhibitors,
attendees, the media etc.
 Reports and surveys need to be distributed before and after the event.
And there are always the headaches of late breaking events and last
minute announcement.
 In an electronic business environment, video conferences, document
conference, computer-based conference, which offer companies the
flexibility of both electronic and paper distribution, can make these
jobs easier and more effective.
o E-commerce has made a profound impact on society
o People can now shop online in the privacy of their own homes without ever
having to leave.
o This can force larger brick and mortar retailers to open an online division.
o In some cases, it can also force smaller businesses to shut their doors, or
change to being completely online.
o It also changes the way people look at making purchases and spending
money.
• Electronic Commerce has changed the face of retail, services, and other things that
make our economy work.
• Undoubtedly, it will continue to influence how companies sell and market their
products, as well as how people choose to make purchases for many years to come.
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15. Advantages of E-Commerce
1) Increased Sales:-Secure real time processing increase sales on the web site by providing a
means for immediate payment that provides closure for sales. E-commerce solutions have
been delivering down to earth selling strategies to enterprises who wish to profit from this
emerging explosive new technology.
2) Impulse Buying:-Another reason you need to go for internet business is that it has
potential for impulse buying, thereby making it easy for customers to buy from merchants
online when impulse strikes.
3) Round the Clock Business:-Internet commerce is made easy because you can make
money conveniently. With this mechanism of commerce enabled website, the merchant
can sell round the clock, everyday of the week, 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. There
is no need to hire a clerk to run the store. This makes potential business for the merchants
and organizations.
4) Level Playing Field:-Can a business of small size get on to the internet? It is a frequently
asked question. Yes. Well, that is the best part of doing online business. It does not matter
whether yours is a small, Medium or large business. E-commerce is open to one and all
regardless of size potential and shape. On the internet, no one knows that yours is small
business. As long as you have a product to sell or buy, you are on the net. You will be
online. You can compete with the big guys in business.
5) Customer Convenience:-Economy and convenience are the important reasons for
investing and going on net transactions. Trading online makes it easy for people to buy
from merchants online. Internet processing, credit card processing software, point of sales
terminal equipment etc., made it more convenient for the consumer to buy online. From
the customer’s point of view online business means greater convenience and better fund
management.
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6) Increase Market Size:-The internet is everywhere. It is changing the business

16. E-Commerce Procedure (Steps)
1) Filling Form Online:-
a. This is selling online and customers place their order by e-mail. When a
customer visits a e-commerce site, he has to fill out an online form to
enquire about products or services. The supplier or merchant has to read the
data of enquiry about products and services including names, address, credit
card number, instruction and so on. They should get them encrypted,
compressed, encoded and sent to by e-mail.
2) Selecting Product Service: -
a. The first step to be followed in the e-commerce process is the product
service. The customer browses the merchant’s web sites, decides and selects
products/service item. In this connection, the shopping cart software package
is to be used. The shopping cart helps to add, delete and accumulate the total
with regard to the product/service.
3) Web Server:-
a. Online processor’s web server is a key factor in the e-commerce process. As
soon as the customer has finished shopping, item selection and viewing
shopping cart, they are linked to a secure from on the merchant’s web server.
4) Encryption:-
a. Cryptography provides a tool of e-commerce security. As there is no formal
exchange of signed document or legitimacy of trading partner, with the
possibility of illicit modification, these are the various aspects to be
examined as security aspects. Cryptography provides effective security for e-
commerce superstructures.
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17. 5) Forwarding:-
a. The encrypted data is then forwarded to the online processors, which
provides payment services. Today, there are many real time online payment
systems services. They are authorize, net future cash, net bank etc. they keep
the details of customer’s orders and intern forward only the relevant credit
card information to the banking system.
6) Leased lines:-
a. The bank or other financial institutions have been receiving thousands of
transactions everyday. The online processor maintains a dedicated or leased
line connection to the banks or institution. The arrangement facilitates to
process any number of transactions received everyday.
7) E-mail Receipt:-
a. The facility of e-mail receipt is available for e-commerce over the internet.
The optional e-mail receipt method helps the merchant and the customer to
notify by e-mail of the purchase approval and purchase details. It is only
optional. Irrespective of e-mail receipt, the order particulars are transferred
to the merchant’s sites for timely processing of the order.
8) Merchant Account:-
a. A merchant account is necessary for accepting credit cards. The banks
process merchant account transaction besides contacting the customer credit
card company. It may accept or decline the amount of the credit card
purchase. When the merchant has opened a merchant account, he specifies
the name of the bank and account to which funds are to be transferred. Once
the bank has accepted the credit card transactions the funds are transferred to
the bank account specified by the merchant.
9) Credit Card Processing:-
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18. a. Payment processing system plays a critical role in e-business. The whole
concept of frauds related to credit card is a bigger risk to merchant than
customers. The internet merchants have to take the same precautions as in
mail or phone orders. Generally, merchants are at risk of fraudulent orders.
Credit cards are the most popular way for paying for goods and services on
the net.
10) Verification:-
a. The transaction information is sent via leased lines to the credit card
networks, where the validity of the card is checked and the availability of
funds on that account is verified. An authorization code is written via leased
lines to secure server.
11) Merchant Getting Money:-
The banker of the merchant will collect money from the merchant
account
12) Shipment of Goods:-
Dispatching the goods is the final step in process of online shopping.
The goods are finally shipped which is done outside the internet facility.
Disadvantages of E-Commerce
Electronic commerce is also characterized by some technological and inherent limitations
which have restricted the number of people using this revolutionary system.
• One important disadvantage of e-commerce is that the Internet has still not touched
the lives of a great number of people, either due to the lack of knowledge or trust.
o A large number of people do not use the Internet for any kind of financial
transaction. Some people simply refuse to trust the authenticity of
completely impersonal business transactions, as in the case of e-commerce.
o Many people have reservations regarding the requirement to disclose
personal and private information for security concerns. Many times, the
legitimacy and authenticity of different e-commerce sites have also been
questioned.
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19. • Another limitation of e-commerce is that it is not suitable for perishable
commodities like food items.
o People prefer to shop in the conventional way than to use e-commerce for
purchasing food products.
o So e-commerce is not suitable for such business sectors. The time period
required for delivering physical products can also be quite significant in case
of e-commerce.
o A lot of phone calls and e-mails may be required till you get your desired
products. However, returning the product and getting a refund can be even
more troublesome and time consuming than purchasing, in case if you are
not satisfied with a particular product.
The Future of E-Commerce
Experts predict a promising and glorious future of ecommerce in the 21st century. In the
foreseeable future ecommerce will further confirm itself a major tool of sale. Successful
ecommerce will become a notion absolutely inseparable from the web, because e-shopping
is becoming more and more popular and natural. At the same time severe rivalry in the
sphere of ecommerce services will intensify their development. Thus prevailing future
trends of ecommerce will be the growth of Internet sales and evolution.
Each year number of ecommerce deals grows enormously. Sales volumes of on-line stores
are more than comparable with those of “brick-and-mortar” ones. And the tendency will
continue, because a lot of people are “imprisoned” by work and household duties, while
Internet saves a lot of time and gives opportunity to choose goods at the best prices.
Present-day Internet sales boom is the foundation for magnificent ecommerce future.
The “quantity to quality” tendency of ecommerce is also becoming more and more obvious,
as the Internet has excluded geographical factor from the sale. So it doesn’t matter any more
whether your store is situated in New York or London or in a small town. To survive,
merchants will have to adapt rapidly to the new conditions. To attract more customers e-
store-owners will have not only to increase the number of available services, but to pay
more attention to such elements like attractive design, user-friendliness, appealing goods
presentation, they will have to opportunely employ modern technologies for their
businesses to become parts of ecommerce future.
Of course, those, who acquire e-stores earlier, get better chance for future success and
prosperity, though an ecommerce site itself doesn’t guarantee you anything. Only an
appropriate ecommerce solution in combination with thorough emarketing and advertising
can buy you business insurance.
Conclusion
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20. Thus, on evaluating the various pros and cons of electronic commerce, we can say that the
advantages of e-commerce have the potential to outweigh the disadvantages. A proper strategy to
address the technical issues and to build up customers trust in the system, can change the present
scenario and help e-commerce adapt to the changing needs of the world.
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