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Articles
• The words “a/an, the” are called articles. They come before nouns.
• Articles are also called as “Determiners”.
• A/an are called Indefinite Articles because it usually does not speak about the
person or thing particularly.
• It is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns.
Examples:
A doctor it means any doctor (not indicating particularly).
Let’s read a book it means any book rather than a specific book.
• The is called the Definite Article because it normally points out some
particular person or thing.
• It is used to refer to specific or particular nouns.
Examples:
He saw the doctor it means referring some particular doctor.
Let’s read the book it means a specific book.
Use of Indefinite Article:
• They use before singular countable nouns (nouns which you can
count are called countable nouns).
Examples:
a book, a girl, a chair, a kettle………
an accountant, an orange, an egg, an engineer……..
• A/an is determined by sound.
• A is used before a word beginning with a consonant sound.
Examples:
a boy, a dream, a figure, a judge……
• The words “ university, union, European, unicorn….” begins with a
consonant sound “Yu”. So, we use ‘a’.
Examples:
a university, a union, a European…..
• The words “ one, one-rupee, one-eyed man….” begins with a consonant
sound “w”. So, we use ‘a’.
Examples:
a one, one-rupee, a one-eyed man…
• An is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound.
Examples:
an organ, an umbrella, an island, an electrician……
• The words “hour, honest, heir” begin with a vowel sound as the initial
consonant “h” is silent or not pronounced. So, we use ‘an’.
Examples:
an hour, an honest man……
• Indefinite article is used when a thing/ person is introduced for the first
time.
Examples:
we have met a foreigner.
I saw a movie.
There is an I-max theatre in Warangal.
• Indefinite article is used before names of professions of persons.
Examples:
Edwin is a pilot.
Mani is a student.
• We use Indefinite article “an” before abbreviations that begin with a vowel
sound.
Examples:
an M.A., an M.Sc., an MLA…
• We use Indefinite article before Mr/Ms/Mrs/Miss when he/she is an
unknown person.
Examples:
a Mr Rahul has come to meet the doctor.
a Miss Sharan is reading a magazine.
• We use Indefinite article with a proper noun used as common nouns.
Examples:
He thinks he is a Bill Gates.
she feels that she is a Chitra.
The Indefinite article is not used
• Before plural countable nouns.
Examples:
A computers (wrong)
A computer (Right)
• Before uncountable nouns.
Examples:
A milk (wrong)
milk (right)
• Before material nouns.
Examples:
A gold (wrong)
gold (right)
The Definite article “the” is used
• When we mention something for the first time we use ‘a’ or ‘an’ but for
the next time when we repeat that object we use the definite article ‘the’.
Examples:
I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms.
I bought a car. The car is red.
• When a singular noun representing the whole class.
Examples:
The dog is a faithful animal.
The cow is a useful animal.
• Definite article ‘the’ is used before names of seas, rivers,
mountain ranges, groups of Islands, canals, water falls, etc.
Examples:
the Pacific ocean, the Indian ocean, the Himalayas, the
Niagara, the Godavari, the Suez canal…..
• Definite article ‘the’ is used before names of group of country.
Examples:
the United States of America, the United Kingdom…
• Before names of religious scriptures.
Examples:
the Gita, the Quran, the Bible…
• Before the types of meal.
Examples:
the breakfast I had at the restaurant is very hot and tasty.
the dinner served at Raj Hotel is very costly.
• Before the common time expressions.
Examples:
the collector will address the members in the evening.
we should do exercise in the morning.
• Before names of unique things.
Examples:
the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky…
• Before adjectives in superlative form.
Examples:
Tagore is one of the greatest poets in English.
This is the best book of Elementary Chemistry.
• Before Ordinals (it indicating a position in a sequence / number)
Examples:
He was the first man to arrive.
The ninth chapter of the book is very interesting.
• Before musical instruments.
Examples:
He can play the flute.
He plays on the violin.
• Before adjectives used as nouns.
Examples:
the poor, the rich, the dumb…..
Note:
Adjective describes a noun. Here, in the above examples ‘poor, rich,
dumb’ is an adjective as it describes noun. So, we say ‘the poor people, the rich
people, the dumb persons’.
• Before comparatives when they are repeated or used in a special way.
Examples:
The more you know, the more you enjoy.
The less you read, the less you know.
• Before surnames used in plurals.
Examples:
The Birla's established Kesoram Cement Factory.
The Tatas are the pioneers of Steel Industry.
• Before a proper noun used as a common noun.
Examples:
Cyberabad is the Silicon Valley of Hyderabad.
Arun is the Ratan Tata of this city.
• Before a proper noun when it is qualified by an adjective.
Examples:
The great Shakespeare.
The immortal Kalidas.
• Before the names of inventions, human body and articles of clothing.
Examples:
who invented the microscope?
The shirt is blue in colour.
• Before nouns denoting units of measurement.
Examples:
Now we are buying water by the litre.
• Before abbreviations.
Examples:
The C.B.I., the U.S.A.
• Before the names of ships, public buildings, aeroplanes, hotels etc.
Examples:
the Vikrant, the Secretariat, the Taj, the SpiceJet etc.
• Before words like middle, top, end, first, next, centre etc.
Examples:
The middle order, the top floor, at the end, the first child, the next
train, in the centre.
Definite Article ‘the’ is not used
• Before Abstract nouns.
Examples:
politeness, kindness, sympathy….
• Before proper nouns.
Examples:
Hyderabad, Warangal, Bhutan…..
• Before parts of Human body when they are used with Possessive
pronouns.
Examples:
my legs, his palm, her face……
• Before material nouns used in general sense.
Examples:
iron, silver, gold….
• Before names of Individual mountains, peaks, and hills.
Examples:
Everest, Mount Abu…..
• Before ‘all day’ , ‘all night’.
Examples:
we kept awake all night.
It rained all day due to depression in the Bay of Bengal.
Where No Article is used.
• No article is used before the branches of knowledge.
Examples:
English, Geology.
• No article is used before the names of days, months, and seasons.
Examples:
Sunday is a holiday.
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
• No article is used before nouns in certain phrases.
Examples:
by air
over hill and dale.
• Don’t use any article before the names of games.
Examples:
I play hockey.
chess is a fine game.
• No article is used before collective nouns.
Examples:
Mankind loves nature.
We are members of society.
• No article is used before a common noun in the vocative case (relating to or
denoting a case of nouns, pronouns etc.)
Examples:
King Arthur.
General Ajay.
• No article is used in certain phrases consisting of a preposition.
Examples:
on foot, by train, on account of.
• No article is used before the nouns such as college, school, hospital, prison….
When they are referred to for their primary purpose.
Examples:
He likes to go to school.
she went to Hospital.
The culprit was put in prison.
• No article is used before the names of diseases.
Examples:
she has diabetes.
He has been suffering from flu.

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English Grammar Topic Articles.

  • 2. • The words “a/an, the” are called articles. They come before nouns. • Articles are also called as “Determiners”. • A/an are called Indefinite Articles because it usually does not speak about the person or thing particularly. • It is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. Examples: A doctor it means any doctor (not indicating particularly). Let’s read a book it means any book rather than a specific book. • The is called the Definite Article because it normally points out some particular person or thing. • It is used to refer to specific or particular nouns. Examples: He saw the doctor it means referring some particular doctor. Let’s read the book it means a specific book.
  • 3. Use of Indefinite Article: • They use before singular countable nouns (nouns which you can count are called countable nouns). Examples: a book, a girl, a chair, a kettle……… an accountant, an orange, an egg, an engineer……..
  • 4. • A/an is determined by sound. • A is used before a word beginning with a consonant sound. Examples: a boy, a dream, a figure, a judge…… • The words “ university, union, European, unicorn….” begins with a consonant sound “Yu”. So, we use ‘a’. Examples: a university, a union, a European….. • The words “ one, one-rupee, one-eyed man….” begins with a consonant sound “w”. So, we use ‘a’. Examples: a one, one-rupee, a one-eyed man…
  • 5. • An is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound. Examples: an organ, an umbrella, an island, an electrician…… • The words “hour, honest, heir” begin with a vowel sound as the initial consonant “h” is silent or not pronounced. So, we use ‘an’. Examples: an hour, an honest man……
  • 6. • Indefinite article is used when a thing/ person is introduced for the first time. Examples: we have met a foreigner. I saw a movie. There is an I-max theatre in Warangal. • Indefinite article is used before names of professions of persons. Examples: Edwin is a pilot. Mani is a student.
  • 7. • We use Indefinite article “an” before abbreviations that begin with a vowel sound. Examples: an M.A., an M.Sc., an MLA… • We use Indefinite article before Mr/Ms/Mrs/Miss when he/she is an unknown person. Examples: a Mr Rahul has come to meet the doctor. a Miss Sharan is reading a magazine. • We use Indefinite article with a proper noun used as common nouns. Examples: He thinks he is a Bill Gates. she feels that she is a Chitra.
  • 8. The Indefinite article is not used • Before plural countable nouns. Examples: A computers (wrong) A computer (Right) • Before uncountable nouns. Examples: A milk (wrong) milk (right) • Before material nouns. Examples: A gold (wrong) gold (right)
  • 9. The Definite article “the” is used • When we mention something for the first time we use ‘a’ or ‘an’ but for the next time when we repeat that object we use the definite article ‘the’. Examples: I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms. I bought a car. The car is red. • When a singular noun representing the whole class. Examples: The dog is a faithful animal. The cow is a useful animal.
  • 10. • Definite article ‘the’ is used before names of seas, rivers, mountain ranges, groups of Islands, canals, water falls, etc. Examples: the Pacific ocean, the Indian ocean, the Himalayas, the Niagara, the Godavari, the Suez canal….. • Definite article ‘the’ is used before names of group of country. Examples: the United States of America, the United Kingdom…
  • 11. • Before names of religious scriptures. Examples: the Gita, the Quran, the Bible… • Before the types of meal. Examples: the breakfast I had at the restaurant is very hot and tasty. the dinner served at Raj Hotel is very costly.
  • 12. • Before the common time expressions. Examples: the collector will address the members in the evening. we should do exercise in the morning. • Before names of unique things. Examples: the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky… • Before adjectives in superlative form. Examples: Tagore is one of the greatest poets in English. This is the best book of Elementary Chemistry.
  • 13. • Before Ordinals (it indicating a position in a sequence / number) Examples: He was the first man to arrive. The ninth chapter of the book is very interesting. • Before musical instruments. Examples: He can play the flute. He plays on the violin.
  • 14. • Before adjectives used as nouns. Examples: the poor, the rich, the dumb….. Note: Adjective describes a noun. Here, in the above examples ‘poor, rich, dumb’ is an adjective as it describes noun. So, we say ‘the poor people, the rich people, the dumb persons’. • Before comparatives when they are repeated or used in a special way. Examples: The more you know, the more you enjoy. The less you read, the less you know.
  • 15. • Before surnames used in plurals. Examples: The Birla's established Kesoram Cement Factory. The Tatas are the pioneers of Steel Industry. • Before a proper noun used as a common noun. Examples: Cyberabad is the Silicon Valley of Hyderabad. Arun is the Ratan Tata of this city.
  • 16. • Before a proper noun when it is qualified by an adjective. Examples: The great Shakespeare. The immortal Kalidas. • Before the names of inventions, human body and articles of clothing. Examples: who invented the microscope? The shirt is blue in colour. • Before nouns denoting units of measurement. Examples: Now we are buying water by the litre.
  • 17. • Before abbreviations. Examples: The C.B.I., the U.S.A. • Before the names of ships, public buildings, aeroplanes, hotels etc. Examples: the Vikrant, the Secretariat, the Taj, the SpiceJet etc. • Before words like middle, top, end, first, next, centre etc. Examples: The middle order, the top floor, at the end, the first child, the next train, in the centre.
  • 18. Definite Article ‘the’ is not used • Before Abstract nouns. Examples: politeness, kindness, sympathy…. • Before proper nouns. Examples: Hyderabad, Warangal, Bhutan….. • Before parts of Human body when they are used with Possessive pronouns. Examples: my legs, his palm, her face……
  • 19. • Before material nouns used in general sense. Examples: iron, silver, gold…. • Before names of Individual mountains, peaks, and hills. Examples: Everest, Mount Abu….. • Before ‘all day’ , ‘all night’. Examples: we kept awake all night. It rained all day due to depression in the Bay of Bengal.
  • 20. Where No Article is used. • No article is used before the branches of knowledge. Examples: English, Geology. • No article is used before the names of days, months, and seasons. Examples: Sunday is a holiday. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? • No article is used before nouns in certain phrases. Examples: by air over hill and dale.
  • 21. • Don’t use any article before the names of games. Examples: I play hockey. chess is a fine game. • No article is used before collective nouns. Examples: Mankind loves nature. We are members of society. • No article is used before a common noun in the vocative case (relating to or denoting a case of nouns, pronouns etc.) Examples: King Arthur. General Ajay.
  • 22. • No article is used in certain phrases consisting of a preposition. Examples: on foot, by train, on account of. • No article is used before the nouns such as college, school, hospital, prison…. When they are referred to for their primary purpose. Examples: He likes to go to school. she went to Hospital. The culprit was put in prison. • No article is used before the names of diseases. Examples: she has diabetes. He has been suffering from flu.