Vladimir Tatlin designed the Monument to the 3rd International in 1919 as a towering spiral structure to honor the Russian Revolution that was never built. Gerrit Rietveld's 1924 Schroder House in the Netherlands featured De Stijl architecture influences with sliding screens and moveable panels. Walter Gropius established the influential Bauhaus school in Germany in 1925 that promoted functional design and was later shut down by the Nazis. Mies van der Rohe's 1922 model for a glass skyscraper inspired later tall buildings with its illusion of movement. Le Corbusier designed the 1929 Villa Savoye outside Paris as a "machine for living" with open floor plans and ramp access.
2. Vladimir Tatlin
Monument to the 3rd International
1919-20
wood, iron and glass
Productivism – developed in Russia
Aimed to design better environments for
human beings
- Utopian thinking, using technology to
benefit humans
- abandoned abstraction for “functional
art”
Commissioned to honor the Russian
Revolution – GOVERNMENTAL BUILDING
- Glass and iron building, taller than Eiffel
Tower
Spiral cage with geometric rotating forms in
center for various gov’t activities
• Chambers decrease in size as the
building ascends
• Reinforces social and political
reality
Never was actually built, only exists in
models
3. Gerrit Thomas Rietveld
Schroder House
Utrecht, the Netherlands
1924
• De Stijl Architecture – inspiration by Mondrian (straight lines, primary colors, primary
values, geometric shapes)
• Living rooms on 2nd floor, private rooms on ground level
• Sliding screens to transform the space
• Shifting quality appears in exterior, almost Cubist, moveable panels
5. Walter Gropius
Bauhaus
Dessau, Germany
1925-26
• The organic shaping of things in accordance with their own current
laws, avoids embellishment and whimsy
• Restriction of basic forms and colors: emphasis on typical and universally
legible themes
• Simplicity in complexity
• Economy in the use of space, materials, time and money
6. Walter Gropius
Bauhaus
Dessau, Germany
1925-26
Bauhaus: German school of design
• Dismantled by Nazi Regime
• Hitler quickly shut down the institution after 14 years
• Students and professors fled Germany and disseminated Bauhaus aesthetics and ideals
• Inspired curricula for many other art schools
7. Luwig Mies Van Der Rohe
model for a glass skyscraper,
Berlin, Germany
1922
• Took over Bauhaus after Gropius left
• “less is more” “skin and bones”
architecture
• Model for tall glass building (never built)
• Three towers, reveals cantilevered interior
• Illusion of movement inspired later
architects, especially for skyscrapers
Cantilever = A long
projecting beam or
girder fixed at only
one end
8. Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret)
Villa Savoye
Poissy-sur-Seine, France
1929-30
• Designed functional living spaces, “machines
for living” = Corbusier’s philosophy
• Sun, space, vegetation, controlled temp, quiet,
insulated
9. Le Corbusier
Villa Savoye
Poissy-sur-Seine, France
1929-30
• Located outside Paris
• Living rooms on second floor, bedroom,
storage, garage on first
• Open space, strip windows
• Ramp leads to roof-terrace and garden
• No traditional
façade, must walk
around and through
house to understand it
10. Le Corbusier
Villa Savoye
Poissy-sur-Seine, France
1929-30
• INVERTED typical design practice
• Heavier floor on TOP, negates
solidity
• Made possible with ferroconcrete
(steel enforced concrete)
11. William van Allen
Chrysler Building
New York, New York
1928-30
ART DECO
• In response to Bauhaus
• Favored ornamentation using new materials
• Appealed to all art forms:
buildings, furniture, silverware, etc.
• Very streamlines, geometric, organic, “aerodynamic”
Chrysler Building
Monument of the fabulous 1920s
Celebrated the principles and success of American
business…pre-Depression
12. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
• “architecture of
democracy”
• Natural, organic, interacts
with natural surrounding
• Free open space for free
individuals to move
through
• Asymmetry
• Use of innovative building
techniques: cantilevers
13. Frank Lloyd Wright
Robie House
Chicago, Illinois
1907-09
• “Prairie style” – long, sweeping, ground-hugging lines
reflects expansiveness of Midwest flatlands
• No façade
• Extended roof overhangs, conceal entrance, “wandering” plan
• Sense of space and motion
• The interior’s flowing space dictated the placement of external
walls
• Grouped around
giant central
fireplace
• Every little
decorative detail
fits in with
Wright’s design
scheme
16. Frank Lloyd Wright
Kaufmann House (Fallingwater)
Bear Run, Pennsylvania
1936-39
• Built as country home of dept store magnate Edgar
Kaufmann
• Fluid interplay of interior and exterior
• Placed on top of waterfall, hence fallingwater
• Incorporates building INTO site
• Series of terraces
• Concrete, paint
ed metal and
natural stone
• SPACE, not
mass. Created
space for free
movement
• GREATLY
influential on
European
architects