EV Charging Infra

1. En-route EV
IP platform on EV Charging
Infra powered by HT Auto

2. Global EV Outlook 2022
Ø Electric car sales continue to break records, but mineral supply
constraints are looming
Ø Sales of electric vehicles (EVs) doubled in 2021 YOY to a new record of 6.6
million.
Ø Nearly 10% of global car sales were electric in 2021, four times the market
share in 2019.
Ø Majorly Public spending on subsidies and incentives for EVs nearly doubled in
2021 to nearly USD 30 billion.
Ø EV sales are still lagging in other emerging and developing economies,
where the few models that are available remain unaffordable for mass-market
consumers. In Brazil, India and Indonesia, fewer than 0.5% of car sales are
electric. However, EV sales doubled in number of regions in 2021 including in
India which could pave the way for quicker market uptake by 2030 if
supporting investments and policies are in place.
Ø The Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) a multi-governmental policy forum
established in 2010 under the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM).
Ø EVI is dedicated to accelerating the adoption of EVs worldwide, it strives
to better understand the policy challenges, help governments address them
and to serve as a platform for knowledge sharing.
0.00
2,000.00
4,000.00
6,000.00
8,000.00
10,000.00
12,000.00
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Number(1000s) of electric vehicles in use by type
2016-2021
Plug-inhybrid electric Battery electric

3. Recommendations to accelerate EV Adoption
Expand EV
infrastructure and
smart grids
Kickstart
the heavy-
duty
market
Maintain
and adapt
support for
electric cars
Promote
adoption in
emerging
and
Developing
economies

4. Global EV Sales Trends
Over 16.5 million electric cars were on the road in 2021, tripling in just three years

5. India: Global
warming & future
ahead
● India is the world's fourth biggest emitter of carbon
dioxide after China, the US and the EU.
● One third of deaths in India every year are due to air
pollution.
● India and China have highest death rates due to toxic air
from burning fossil fuels.
● Vehicular pollution is the largest contributor to Global
warming with rising temperatures projected to cause severe
heat waves, irregular monsoon and recurring patterns of
flood and drought.
● To address these India pledged in COP26 to get 50% of its
energy from renewable resources by 2030, & to reduce
total projected carbon emissions by 1 billion tons.
● The current vision is to reduce carbon emissions by 45% by
2030.

6. Why electric mobility is the way forward for India
ICE based transport sector contributes over 23% to net Greenhouse emissions while
EVs produce no pollution.
Electric vehicles emit an estimated 11-13% less PM2.5, the biggest culprit for
long term adverse health effects, than conventional vehicles in the same
segment.
With ICE, deaths linked to PM2.5 pollution increased 2.5x with current estimates of 2
Million pollution linked deaths annually. These can be prevented through using EVs
Electric cars are 100 percent eco-friendly and they run on electrically powered
engines which does not emits toxic gases or smoke as it runs on a clean energy
source and electricity which be generated through renewable resources.

7. Current Indian EV landscape
EVs contribute close to 1% of overall Auto sales – Significant headroom for growth
• Policymakers actively pushing EV adoption in recent years in India
• Central policies like FAME II - phase 2 for fiscal 2023 is projected at Rs 2,908 crore, which is
more than 3.5x the allocation of FY-22 and almost 9x than FY-21.
• Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in her Budget 2022 speech announced that the govt will
come out with a battery-swapping policy which will develop special mobility zones for EV.
• Monetary incentives provided by state governments to customers buying EVs e.g. Delhi &
Karnataka government.
Two
wheelers
Three
Wheelers*
Passenger
Vehicles
Commercial
Vehicles
(Buses)
FY20
(units sold and
% of cat sales)
143 k 90 k 3400 600
*in addition, ~ 1 mn e –rickshaws (i.e. inexpensive, imported kits)
Encouraging policy framework – Incentivizing end users to adopt EVs
Govt’s EV penetration
target by 2030:
• PV – 30%
• 2W – 80%
• Buses – 40%
• 3W – 80%
● Light electric mobility (2W
and 3W) leading EV
sales with transport
buses, fleet cabs and 4W
segment to follow suit
FY21
(units sold and
% of cat sales)
152 k 100 k 14690 1100
● Passenger vehicles sales
saw the largest growth
source: Vahan and EV reporter

8. State wise EV sales and Subsidies
*source: Vahan and EV reporter
State
per kWh of
battery
capacity
Max
subsidy
Road tax
exemption
Maharashtra Rs 5,000 Rs 2,50,000* 100%
Delhi Rs 10,000 Rs 1,50,000 100%
Gujarat Rs 10,000 Rs 1,50,000 50%
Assam Rs 10,000 Rs 1,50,000 100%
Bihar^ Rs 10,000 Rs 1,50,000 100%
West Bengal Rs 10,000 Rs 1,50,000 100%
Odisha NA Rs 1,00,000 100%
Meghalaya Rs 4,000 Rs 60,000 100%
● Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Maharashtra, Telangana &
Rajasthan contribute 67% of all
high speed electric 2 wheelers
sold in 2021.
● With Over 66k units sold in 2021, UP
has the highest share (20%) of EVs
sold.
● Maharashtra has the highest electric
4W sales for 2021, followed closely by
Delhi and Telangana.
TOP EV subsidies on electric cars and SUVs
State Wise Electric vehicle sales trend, 2021

9. Current EV Landscape in India
The EV space in India has seen rising competition over the last few years, with annual sales increase 10x from 1,200 in 2018 to
almost 15,000 in 2021.
and more….
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
FY 2020 FY 2021
Share of car sales in India FY 2020-2021,
by fuel
Petrol Diesel CNG Electric/Hybrid
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
Tata Nexon EV MG ZS EV Tata Tigor EV Hyundai Kona
EV
Mahindra e-
Verito
Electric passenger vehicle sales(Units) in India
2020-2021
2020 2021

10. Constraints Leading to Slower EV Adoption
While authorities continue to push EV sales through favorable policies, the apprehensions in customers mind led to slower
EV adoption. Let’s hear what the surveys Says
67%
65%
60%
56%
27%
31%
29%
38%
6%
4%
11%
6%
L A C K O F A D E Q U A TE C H A R G I N G
I N FR A S TR U C TU R E
CHARGING TIME
L I M I TE D C H O I C E O F E L E C TR I C
VEHICLES IN THE MARKET
HIGH UPFRONT COST
OPINION ON DISADVANTAGES OF EV
IN INDIA 2019
High Medium Low
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Lack of
charging
stations in
the country
Still too
expensive to
purchase
Waiting until
the
technology
regarding
the electric
cars is more
developed
Battery life
of electric
cars is too
short to
commit to
buying one
Not as
enjoyable to
drive as
conventional
cars
Harder to
repair and
maintain
Do not
believe
electric cars
are better for
the
environment
Other
reasons
Reasons for not buying electric car India 2019
EV Charging Infra In-Adequacy Happens to be the top perceived deterring factor for EV Adoption

11. Understanding an EV Charging Station
Charging Station is a facility to Juice up your EV when not in
use.
Ø Components of EV Charging Station
Ø Battery: At EV charging stations, the batteries are primarily
lithium-ion batteries, consisting of cells, packs, battery
management system (BMS) to manage control of the charge
and discharge of the battery.
Ø Power Conversion System: The power conversion system
for the EV charging station comprises an inverter, its
enclosure, and thermal management (HVAC) for batteries to
maintain the battery at a specific temperature.
Ø Software: Electric Vehicle Charging Software is an integral
part of EV charging infrastructure. It helps charge point
operators and e-mobility service providers to manage EV
charging stations and their customers.

12. An Overview of EV Charging Station Infrastructure
Types of Electric Vehicle Charging
Level-1 EV Charging (120 Volts): Level-1 electric vehicle charging
supports 120 volts and can be done using a power cord and a control
box that comes with most electric vehicles. Level-1 charging is very
convenient and do not incur any installation cost. The only drawback
with level 1 chargers is that it takes approximately 16-18 hours to
charge a 60-kWh vehicle.
Level-2 EV Charging: Level-2 electric vehicle charging equipment
supports currents up to 240V AC and requires installing electric
vehicle supply equipment. Charging through Level-2 chargers is
much faster than Level-1; a 7 kW EV charger takes 7 to 8 hours to
charge a 60-kWh vehicle.
Level-3 EV Charging (480 Volts): Level- 3 EV charging, also called
DC fast charging, can charge compatible vehicles up to 80% in as
little as 30 minutes. Level 3 chargers convert high voltage AC power
into DC power for direct storage in EV batteries. DC fast charging is
primarily designed for public charging stations. DC (level-3) EV
chargers have commercial applications as they are the right fit for
vehicle fleets and public transport, such as electric buses, that require
fast charging and can accommodate many vehicles simultaneously. Unique CSS
Sockets

13. Global Players in EV Market
1. ChargePoint
2. ABB
3. BP
4. Shell
5. Webasto
6. Hyundai
8. Daimler Mercedes-Benz
9. Siemens
10. EVgo
11. EVBox
12. G2Mobility
13. Pacific Gas and Electric
14. Blink
15. Renault
16. Phihong
17. Schneider Electric
18. Efacec
19. Eaton
20. Ample
21. Others
Ø Allego
Ø Alfen
Ø Clipper Creek
Ø Continental
Ø Leviton
Ø Magna
Ø Semaconnect
Ø Tgood
Ø ZF
Ø GreenLots
Ø NewMotion
Ø Electrify America
Ø Stable Auto
Ø Delta
Ø ChargeMaster
Ø PowerShare
Ø FreeWire

14. Players in Indian EV Market
ü Tata Power
ü Okaya Power
ü Delta Electronics India
ü Mass Tech
ü ABB India
ü Amara Raja
ü Exicom
ü P2 Power Solutions
ü Magenta Group
ü Fortum India
ü Numocity
ü Volttic
ü Zeon Charging
ü Charge+zone
ü PlungNgo
ü EVRE
ü Statiq
ü Verdemobility
ü goEgo Network
ü LUBI EV Solutions
ü BrightBlu
ü Incredible Engineering
ü ChargeMOD
ü Evotpoint
ü Tirex
ü Uznaka Solutions Private Limited
ü AARGO EV SMART
ü EVQpoint
ü AEIDTH Technologies
ü Zev Point

15. Size of EV Charging Station Infrastructure
According to Markets and Markets, the global electric vehicle charging station market size is projected to grow from 2,115
thousand units in 2020 to 30,758 thousand units by 2027, indicating a paradigm shift from conventional vehicles to electric
vehicles. Developing adequate EV Charging infrastructure to cater to the rising demand for EVs on the road is the need of the
hour
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
EVs per charging point worldwide 2017-2021
0
1,00,000
2,00,000
3,00,000
4,00,000
5,00,000
6,00,000
7,00,000
8,00,000
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Number of publicly available EV chargers in 2021.
Slow Fast
0.00
5,000.00
10,000.00
15,000.00
20,000.00
25,000.00
30,000.00
35,000.00
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Projected global electric vehicle charging system
regional market size 2018-2028
Asia-Pacific Europe North America Middle East & Africa Latin America

16. EV Charging Technological Development
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
United States
Japan
China
World Intellectual Property Organisation
European Patent Office
Germany
South Korea
India
Canada
Brazil
Main countries of deposition for EV charging
technology patent families 2019
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
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Global EV charging infrastructure patent
distribution by charging type 2019

17. EV Charging Technologies
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1,000.00
1,200.00
1,400.00
1,600.00
1,800.00
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Projected heavy-duty electric vehicle AC
charger global market size 2018-2024 (Mn USD)
0.00
1,000.00
2,000.00
3,000.00
4,000.00
5,000.00
6,000.00
7,000.00
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Projected heavy-duty electric vehicle DC
charger global market size 2018-2024 (Mn
USD)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Generic electric
vehicle
Hybrid electric
vehicle (HEV)
Battery electric
vehicle (BEV)
Plug-in hybrid
electric vehicle
(PHEV)
Hydrogen fuel cell
electric vehicle
(FCEV)
Global EV charging infrastructure patent
distribution by vehicle type 2019

18. APAC Overview - EV Charging Station Infrastructure
677
91.63 21.15 1.95 1.51 0.91 0.17
0
200
400
600
800
China South
Korea
Japan AustraliaThailand India New
Zealand
NO OF SLOW
CHARGERS (IN 1000)
1,147
106.70
29.96
2.30 0.94 0.60
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
China South Korea Japan Australia India New Zealand
TOTAL EV CHAGERS (IN 1000)
470
15.07 8.04 0.77 0.43 0.35 0.03
0
100
200
300
400
500
China South
Korea
Japan Thailand New
Zealand
Australia India
NO OF FAST CHARGERS
(IN 1000)

19. Battery Swap Technology
Battery Swapping is a process in which a drained battery is
exchanged for a fully charged battery at Battery Swap Station.
Pros of Swap Tech:
ü Reduction on EV acquisition cost.
ü Elimination of Long Charging Time
ü Alleviates Range Anxiety
ü Limited Infra Requirement
ü Longer Battery Life
ü Grid Load Management
ü Battery Recycling and Disposal
List of Operators in Swap Tech:
Ø Sun Mobility
Ø Lithion Power
Ø Voltup
Ø Esmito
Ø Numocity
Ø Chargeup
Ø CHARGE+ZONE
Ø Okaya Power Group
Ø RACE Energy
Ø BatteryPool
Ø Amara Raja Power Systems

20. Segmentation of EV Charging Station Infrastructure

21. Consumer’s Voice - EV Charging Technologies
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
United States
China
India
Germany
Japan
South Korea
Power source consumers intend to charge
electric vehicles 2021
Regular power grid Alternative power source (e.g. solar) Both Don't know
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
United States China India Germany Japan South Korea
Locations people expect to charge their electric vehicle
2021
Home Work On-street/public charging stations
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
South Korea Japan India China
Consumers' perceived time to charge EVs APAC 2019 by
country
Less than 10 minutes 10 minutes to less than 30 minutes
30 minutes to less than 1 hour 1 hour to less than 4 hours
4 hours or more
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
China India Malaysia South Korea Australia Japan
Electric vehicle charging infrastructure
satisfaction rate APAC 2019 by country

22. Charging Station Infrastructure in India
• The overall market for charging infrastructure in
India is fragmented and at a nascent stage.
• The market size, therefore, can best be gauged
through the count of charge points established
by the major CPOs (public plus private) in India
till date as well as the PCS established under
various schemes – FAME I/FAME II as of now.
• As of 15th March 2021, DHI has sanctioned
3397 charging stations under FAME scheme.
• The DHI sanctioned 3,397 EV charging stations
under the second phase of Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles India (FAME
II India) scheme as on Jan 11, 2021. Out of this,
the DHI approved setting up of 2,636 EV
charging stations - 1,633 fast charging stations
and 1,003 slow charging stations
• The accelerated adoption scenario assumes
that FAME II and other policy measures initiated
by central and state governments will help
trigger rapid adoption of EVs in the country

23. Central-State Government Initiatives
• NEMMP - In 2013, the Government of India launched NEMMP 2020, intending to
reduce dependence on crude oil for transportation by promoting EVs in India
• FAME-I - Department of Heavy Industry (DHI) launched a Scheme viz. Faster
Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid & Electric Vehicles in India (FAME India)
Scheme for a period of 2 years commencing from 1st April 2015.
• National E-Mobility Programme - Launched in 2018, the program targets 30% of
vehicles to be electric by 2030. In addition, the programme, envisaged that no
licensing to setup charging infrastructure in India would be required and the tariff
would be less than Rs 6.
• FAME-II - Phase-II of FAME Scheme notified on 8th March 2019. Under FAME II
India Scheme INR 10 Billion (INR 3 Billion for FY 2019-20; INR 4 Billion for FY
2020-21; INR 3 Billion for FY 2021-22) has been allocated for the establishment
of charging infrastructure.
• Ministry of Power guidelines for states on Charging Infrastructure for EVs (as of
October, 2019) Priority of roll out of EV public charging infrastructure includes
mega cities and all connected expressways and highways (Phase I for 1-3 years)
followed by big cities like UT headquarters and state capitals and connected
highways (Phase II for 3-5 years).
• Other Amendments and Supports –
• 1.Several amendments were made to the Model
Building Byelaws 2016 and Urban Regional
Development Plans Formulation and
Implementation Guidelines 2014 to establish a
robust EV charging infrastructure.
• 2. The Housing and Urban Development Ministry of
India issued guidelines in January 2019 that
mandated commercial and residential complexes to
allow 20% of their parking space for EV charging
facilities.
• 3. Oil-ministry guidelines, in October 2019, allowed
Companies with a net worth of INR 2.5 billion to sell
petrol and diesel subject to condition that they install
facilities for marketing of at least one new
generation alternate within three years operations.
Many gas stations are opting for EV charging to
adhere to that condition.

24. Central-State Government Initiatives

25. COST AND REVENUE OF CHARGING STATION
Pricing
The battery capacity usually ranges from 20-45 kWh.
• If you charge at home, the cost will depend on the
power tariff in your state, which ranges from Rs 8-10
per unit.
• In Delhi, the cost at charging stations is Rs 4-4.5
kWh, while domestic rate varies from Rs 3-8 per unit.
• This means you will spend Rs 80-202 to charge your
EV at a charging station, but the cost will be higher at
Rs 160-450 if you do it at home.
• In Mumbai, the cost is Rs 15 per unit at charging
stations, so you will end up spending 300-675
• All India Average comes out to be 11 Rs /kwh.
Setup Cost

26. Conclusion
• With strong government thrust for EV transition and hence EV charging infrastructure, the key stakeholders have been encouraged to drive the
market growth on the back of proper regulatory mechanism and industry initiatives.
• EV policy incentives of various states as well as central initiatives including lowering of GST rates and introduction of FAME schemes have
been able to set up an initial base for private players – CPOs, equipment manufacturers, cab aggregators, and other such players – to operate
efficiently.
• The Companies are however facing challenges in terms of paying fixed capacity charges based on connection capacity (kVA or kW) in states
like Maharashtra, Haryana, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Chandigarh, and Karnataka.
• The infrastructure set up by these players have been lying under-utilized owing to lesser number of EVs on roads.
• Therefore, there should be minimum/no capacity (fixed monthly) charges on EV tariffs in the initial 3 to 5 years for CPOs as volumes will be
very low and the capacity will be barely utilized.
• In addition, the government needs to plan for increasing the number of EVs on road by say, buying a greater number of EVs than what it is
already doing through EESL for the different government departments. The government can even decide to lease such vehicles in cases where
budget constraints do not allow for outright purchase.
• As per CPOs, only an increase in number of EVs will lead to more utilization of already installed chargers and hence encourage private players
to enter the market and already existing players to increase the installed capacity.
• Lastly, there needs to be clearly defined market rules as regards which stakeholders pays for which element) in charging infrastructure, for
instance, if CPO needs to pay for public/private land. Similarly, if fleet operators need grid optimization for accommodating charging in an office
building for 20 vehicles, then who pays for that element. This will help strike a balance of optimum investment and maximum returns between
the service providers and the service users over the long run.