The presentation stresses the need for transport electrification and discusses few cutting edge technologies that are being used for it. It also highlights the Indian scenario and need to electrify transport in India.

2. Challenges posed by Fossil Fuels
Environmental Degradation
• Exploiting fossils produces GHG’s causing global warming and
human sickness.
• Transportation accounts for roughly 15% of energy related CO2
emissions globally & hence is a big contributor to climate
change.
 Decreasing oil reserves and increasing oil prices
• Oil is not forever.
• Demand is increasing everywhere.
• Oil prices are continuously rising and most of the developing
economies are facing inflation.

3. Motivation To Embrace Electric Vehicles
Reduce Oil
Reduce Dependence
GHG & Oil Price
Emissions Volatility
Provide Promote
Energy Fuel
Security Diversifi-
cation

4. Requirements of Electrification
of the Urban Transport System
0 Electric transport vehicles will need extra supply of
electric energy necessarily generated from
renewable sources.
0 Vehicle-to-grid connection i.e. combining smart
power charging and metering capabilities and an
intelligent payment system.
0 Supporting infrastructure . For e.g. For charging of
electric vehicles public parking structures, work
places or shopping malls as well as private garages
will necessarily needs be equipped with charging
stations.

6. Electric Drive Vehicles
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV’s)
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV’s)
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
(PHEVs)

7. Battery Electric Vehicles
Powered by an Electric Motor
• Battery stores electrical energy
that powers the motor.
• Battery charged by plugging into
outside electric power source.
• Zero tailpipe emissions
Driving Range
• EVs can travel 100-220 miles per charge, depending on
the model.

8. Hybrid Electric vehicles
Powered by Engine and Electric
Motor
• Internal combustion engine uses
conventional fuel.
• Battery charged by regenerative
braking and engine.
• Power from electric motor allows
smaller engine and better fuel
economy
The two types-
• Mild hybrid: Cannot power the vehicle using the electric motor
alone.
• Full hybrid: More powerful electric motor and larger batteries
can drive the vehicle on just electric power for short distances
and at low speeds.

9. Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicles
Powered by an Electric Motor and
Engine
• Internal combustion engine uses
alternative or conventional fuel.
• Battery charged by outside electric power
source, engine, or regenerative breaking.
• During urban driving, most power comes
from stored electricity. Long trips require
the engine
Fuel-Efficient System Design
• Parallel PHEVs connect the engine and the electric motor to the
wheels through mechanical coupling.
• Series PHEVs use only the electric motor to drive the wheels. The
internal combustion engine is used to generate electricity for the
motor.

10. Advantages of Hybrid Vehicles
Fuel Economy: Better than
similar conventional vehicles
Low Emissions: Lower than
similar conventional vehicles
Fuel Cost Savings: Less
expensive to operate than a
conventional vehicle
Energy Security: Reduced U.S.
reliance on imported petroleum
Fueling Flexibility: Fuel from
gas stations

11. Challenges to Transport Electrification
0 Renewable Enegry generation is much more
decentralised and fluctuating than today’s fossil power
generation.
0 In EV’s, high cost of storage systems .
0 In EV’s limited driving range, extended charging times &
limited capacity.
Though solutions to these challenges may be found
through intense research at the level of the
subsystems for energy storage and grid
management in future.

12. The Indian Outlook
1400
1200
0 India imports about 41% of the oil the country
1000
requires from abroad. 2005
800
2008
2015
0 The country is suffering with high oil prices as India is
600
2025
held in the jaws of inflation.
400
2035
200
0 The pollution level and the GHG emissions are surging
0
to peaks in the densely populated country creating
Million tonnes of CO2
health problems. A study by a Delhi based
organization ‘Centre for Science and Environment’ has
depicted….

13. Electrified transport in India
0 Basic charging infrastructure requires electricity
distribution grid that is already installed in India and only
the public charging stations need to be rolled out.
0 Electrified public transport like Metro trains, etc. are
already installed in metro cities and needs an expansion to
all urban and semi-urban areas.
0 It is inevitable for maintaining the competitiveness of the
Indian automotive industry in a rapidly changing global
economy.

14. Conclusion
0 The move towards the electrification of transport will
enable the future security of energy, a radical
reduction of GHG emissions & local air pollution.
0 Smart systems for energy management needs to be
developed to match up to the infrastructural needs of
Electrified Transport.
0 Intense research efforts needs to be taken to
overcome the challenges to transport electrification.

15. Wish you a Clean & Green Future
Thank You