1. The role of the necessary evil in the petroleum life Prepared by Abanob Fathy Mosleh Under supervision of : Prof Iman el Mahlawy & eng. Amal

2. Introduction How the oil formed under the ground and what is the condition for it to be formed ? What is the stage before drilling which tells us where to drill ? When and where the drilling first began and what is it evolutions? How many types of drillings ? What is the drilling stages ? Is there is any hazards or problems for drilling and why it called the necessary evil ? Types of drilling costs and How much drilling costs ?

3. How oil formed under the ground ? Its formed from the died animals that was lives on the oceans and on the earth from 10 to 160 million years ago then layers of mud and sand cover it and decay under certain conditions The equation of petroleum is

4. what is the conditions for oil to be formed Source sedimentary rocks Reservoirs sedimentary rocks Trap

5. Life of well Planning Drilling Completion Production Abandonment

6. What is the stage before drilling which tells us where to drill ? exploration

7. The Seismic Method

8. When and where the drilling first began and what is it evolutions? The Egyptians first used the diamond tools to drill for the pyramids first drillers for oil which established in France at 1745 2004 m at 1893 5418 m at 1947 first drill ship at 1955 The drilling evolution make the drillers drill from 2000 to 30,000 feet

9. How many types of drillings ?two Off shore On shore

10. Drilling stages Well planning Site preparation drilling techniques Top hole drilling Directional drilling Horizontal drilling Extended reach drilling Slim hole drilling Coiled tubing drilling Cementing Casing

11. problems occurs while drilling The main problems happen during drilling is : Fishing Stuck pipe Lost circulations

12. Pictures of drilling Hazards

13. Videos of drilling hazards http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNJj-2CgmWw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_mWRIY45Yk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdRcALtA8CE&feature=related

14. Types of drilling costs and How much drilling costs ? The main types of drilling costs Fixed costs Daily or day to day expenses Overheads The drilling don’t has fixed cost but it deviate from each drilling process. But approximate is :

15. To Summaries up Oil is formed due to the died animals after long period of time The main condition of formation of oil is Source rock Reservoir rock trap Exploration is stage before drilling and its divide into three main steps . Geological, geophysical and geochemical . The main history of drilling and it’s evolution. Drilling stage can be divide into five stages Well planning site preparation drilling techniques Cementing Casing

16. The problems of drilling like: Stuck pipe fishing Lost of circulation The hazards of drilling which make the people called it the necessary evil The type of drilling expenses is Fixed costs Daily costs overheads the drilling costs vary but it is approximately 2075 million

17. Any questions