1. FINAL PRESENTATON OF FOUR
MONTHS TRAINING
SUBMITTED BY:- AASHISH (CUN120104001)
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2. TOPICS
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 MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
 STATIC EQUIPMENTS
 GENERAL TERMS
 PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
 MATERIAL SELECTION
 FAILURES IN PRESSURE VESSELS
 SOFTWARE USED
 PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. 3
MECHANICAL
ROTATING
STATIC
HVAC`
Column Pressure
Vessel
Shell & Tube
Heat
exchanger
Air cooler
Filter etc.
Reactors

4. What is pressure vessel ?
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 A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gasses or
liquids at a pressure substantially different from the
ambient pressure at some temperature.
 Pressure vessels are used in many industries (e.g refinery
plants,chemical plants, steam boilers etc.). The mechanical
design of any pressure vessels is done in accordance with
the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code, Section VIII. Section VIII is divided into Division-1
& Division-2 . This course provides an overview of
pressure vessel mechanical design requirements.

5. Difference between DIV-1 & DIV-2
5
DIVISION 1 utilizes safety of factor 4. DIVISION 2 uses safety of factor 3.
DIVISION 1 rules are formulated on
the principle stress theory.
DIVISION 2 rules are formulated on
maximum shear theory.
DIVISION 1 rules ignores all
bending's effects,fatigue etc.
DIVISION 2 rules take into account all
of bending effects,fatigue etc.

6. Pressure vessel are classified into two types :-
(i) Horizontal type pressure vessel
(ii) Vertical type pressure Vessel
6

7. 7
RECEIPT OF PDS
FROM PROCESS
MECH. DESIGN USING
PV-Elite SOFTWARE
PREPARATION OF
MECHANICAL DATA
SHEET(MDS)
IDC-
MDS-IDC(INTER
DISCIPLINARY CHECK)
PREPARATION OF
MATERIAL REQUISITION
SPECIFICATION
OFFER
EVALUATION
TBE(TECHNICAL
BID EVALUATION)
LOI
VDR(VENDOR
DOCUMENT
REVIEW)&
APPROVAL
Flowchart
PLACEMENT OF
ORDER
PERPARATION OF
PURCHASE
REQUISITION

8. ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN STATIC
DEPARTMENT
8
The Mechanical Static group deals with designing of static equipment and
related packages for Oil & Gas, Refinery industries etc.
The following are the activities being performed in static group :
1.Preparation of Mechanical Data sheet.
2.Inquiry requisition that includes scope of work,supply,space requirement etc.
3.Evaluation of Vendor quotation that includes review of vendors offers.
4. Preparation of technical Bid Evaluation is comparison statement of all offers
from all vendors
5. Placement of letter of intent.
6.Preparation of purchase requisition
7.Attend Vendor Kick-off meeting
8.Review & approval of Vendor documents
9.Interaction with other disciplines
10.Factory and site performance acceptance testing

9. STATIC EQUIPMENTS
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Major static equipment's and packages are:
1) Pressure Vessels
2) Columns
3) Tanks
4) Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
5) Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
6) Electric Heaters
7) Flares
8) Fired Heaters
9) Filters / Ejectors
10) Reactors

10. GENERAL TERMS
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1) Design Pressure: Pressure used in vessel component for the most sever
condition. It determines the minimum required thickness of each vessel
component.
2) Design Temperature: Temperature that corresponds to the design pressure.
3) MAWP: It is maximum permissible pressure at top of pressure in its
normal operating position at specific temperature,usually design
temperature. It is maximum allowable working pressure in hot & corroded
condition.
4) MDMT: It is the lowest temperature at which the component is designed to
have adequate fracture toughness.
5) MAP: It refers to maximum permissible pressure based on weakest part of
new uncorroded & cold conditions and all other loadings are not taken in
consideration.

11. GENERAL TERMS
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5) Weight Of Vessel: Following type of loads to be considered
- Fabricated Weight : Weight of the vessel without any external insulation,
fireproofing, operating contents, or any external structural attachments or
piping.
- Erection weight : fabrication weight + internals + ladder platforms +
insulation + fireproofing.
- Operating weight : erection weight + operating liquid.
- Shop Test weight: fabrication weight + test liquid
- Wind Load and Seismic Load: These loads will induce deflection in the
vessels.

12. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
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 As per ASME SEC VIII Div. 1, pressure vessels are containers for the
containment of pressure, either internal or external. This pressure may be
obtained from an external source, or by the application of heat from a direct
or indirect source, or any combination thereof.
1) SHELL
Primary component that contains the pressure and available in different
shapes
- Cylindrical: Most common configuration.
- Spherical: For containing large volumes under moderate pressure
- Conical: Conical shells are used to connect shells of different diameters

13. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
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2) HEAD
Heads are closures for shells of pressure vessel. Various types of heads are:
Ellipsoidal Head: Most commonly types of heads used with thickness generally equal to that
of shell

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Hemispherical Head: Hemi-head are used when pressure is high, when thickness of
shell exceeds 70mm.

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 Torispherical Head: It is flatter than the ellipsoidal head. Minimum permitted
knuckle radius= 6% of max inside Crown Radius. Maximum inside Crown radius
equals the outside diameter of head.

16. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
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3) NOZZLES
Nozzle is a component that penetrates the Shell or Head of the Vessel. The
ends of the nozzles are usually flanged to allow easy disassembly and for
necessary connection.
Types
- Long Weld Neck: Made out of forging , these nozzles have flange integral
to nozzle neck

17. 17
Hub Type Self Reinforced: As its name indicates these
nozzle have area required for reinforcement and made in
two piece. It has hub integral to neck and made in single
piece.

18. 18
Weld Neck Nozzle: As the name indicates, it has flange
welded to the nozzle neck It can be made with both pipe and
plate with or without RF pad.

19. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
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5) SUPPORTS
The type of vessel support generally depends on the size and orientation of
vessel. Supports must be adequate to resist wind and seismic loads.
- Saddle Support: Horizontal pressure vessel is supported by saddle.

20. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
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 Skirt Support: Tall vertical vessels are supported by skirts. It is a
cylindrical section

21. PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE
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 Leg Support: Small vertical vessels are supported by legs. Max ratio of leg
length to vessel diameter is 2: 1. No of legs determined by size of the vessel.

22. MATERIAL SELECTION
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The type of material used in construction is greatly influenced by the type of
service
for the Vessel. E.g., Low , High temperature service, Corrosive Service
 Carbon Steel: Generally used from -29 deg C to 343 deg C
 Low Temp Carbon Steel : Used in temperature range of -45 deg C to -60
deg C
 Stainless Steel: Used in temperature range of -80 to -196 deg C
 Low Alloy Steel : Used in elevated temperatures above 347 deg C

23. VESSEL FAILURES
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 VESSEL FAILURES CAN OCCUR BECAUSE OF THE FOLLOWING
1) Material: Improper material selection, defective material
2) Design: Improper design, Incorrect design method
3) Fabrication: Poor quality control, insufficient fabrication procedures.
4) Service: Change of service condition

24. PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION
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1) THICKNESS CALCULATION FOR SHELL UNDER INTERNAL
PRESSURE (UG-27) of ASME SECTION VII DIV-1
Where ,
t = Thickness under internal pressure excluding corrosion allowance
P = Internal pressure including static head if any.
S = Allowable stress of material
E = Joint Efficiency, 0.85 for Spot / 1.0 for Full Radiography

25. PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION
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 THICKNESS CALCULATION FOR SPHERE / HEMI-HEAD UNDER
INTERNAL PRESSURE (UG-27) of ASME SECTION VII DIV-1
Where ,
 t = Thickness under internal pressure excluding corrosion allowance
 P = Internal pressure including static head if any.
 R, D = Internal Radius and Diameter respectively
 S = Allowable stress of material
 E = Joint Efficiency, 0.85 for Spot / 1.0 for Full Radiography

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Formulas are valid for :
1) Pressure < 3000 psi
2) Cylindrical shell with t<0.5R and P<0.385SE
3) Spherical shell and hemi-head with t<0.365R and P<0.665SE

27. ASME SECTION VIII DIV.1 - (PVElite-2013 Design)
Horizontal vessel 3D
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28. Horizontal vessel 2D
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29. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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 ASME SEC VIII Div. I Edition 20130
 Http://stc-smc.com/caffeine/uploads/files/2012-0601%2015.31.00.jpg
 Http://blog.iqsdirectory.com/wpcontent/uploads/files/pressure%20ves
sels%206.jpg
 Http://www.wermac.org/misc/misc_pictures/pressurevesselfailure4.jp g
 Pressure Vessel handbook by Eugene F. Megyesy
 Pressure Vessel Design Manual by Dennis Moss
 http://www.mc-integ.co.uk/media/ecom/prodlg/25-1-4.jpg
 www.ecrecon.com/pictures/23/316/VES-316.jpg
 www.pipingtech.com/gallery/main.php?cmd=image&var1=pressure-
vessel%2Fpic+
 http://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter1-140514203906-
phpapp01/95/chapter-1-dpv-a-lal-revised-35-638.jpg?cb=1400100179