The 5th AIS SigPrag International Pragmatic Web Conference Track (ICPW 2010) at the International Conference on Semantic Systems (i-Semantics 2010), 1 - 3 September 2010, Messecongress|Graz, Austria.

1. Speech acts meet tagging:
iceTag ontology
Alexandre Monnin, Freddy Limpens,
David Laniado, Fabien Gandon
(@aamonnz, twitter, slideshare)

2. VoCamp Nice 2009

3. what is a tag?
received wisdom says "it denotes a concept"

4. not quite!
examples…
☺

5. A typed link?
<a href> + URI + microformat rel=“tag” + label
<a href=http://technorati.com/tag/tech rel="tag">tech</a>

6. Hum… no!
<a href=http://technorati.com/tag/tech rel="tag">fish</a>
“the author indicates that the page (or some portion of the page) has
the tag "tech". The linked page SHOULD exist, and it is the linked
page, rather than the link text, that defines the tag. The last path
component of the URL is the text of the tag, so would indicate the
tag "tech" rather than "fish.”
(Tantek Celik)

7. Hum… no!
<a href=http://technorati.com/tag/tech rel="tag">fish</a>
The choice of the label is of no importance the tags are already
defined collectively… before the act of tagging even took place!
But how and by whom?
 Described this way, the process is turned upside down. Tagging
precedes folksonomy, not the contrary.

8. a blank (inscribable) space
on a material device,
and the inscription it receives
tags:
a blank (inscribable) space
on an informational network
(and the inscription it receives)

9. a label and a URI/resource
•reference to a resource (label)
•access to its representation or to a community tag
(URI)
http://www.flickr.com/2327219507/
tags:
And a string!

10. current models assign a fixed form to tags but
tags take on manifold forms

11. model different tag dimensions
subject, sign, relation, …
capture different tag usages
comment, sort, diffuse, describe, rate, ...
bridge existing models
Newman’s Tag Ontology, Tagont, SCOT, SIOC,
MOAT, NAO, UTO,…

12. named graphs [Carroll et al. 2005]
to embody social acts, communicate assertional intent

13. “nature”
(1) (2) (3)
at least
three parts in a tag

14. “nature”
(1) (2) (3)
a tag is
a link between a resource and a sign

15. “nature”
(1) (2) (3)
picture shows
“nature”
place located
“england”
☺
editing makes me
at least
three degrees of liberty

16. Is tagging just another form of
annotation?
The Web as a plateform has its own specifities and tagging being first born on the
should be understood accordingly.

17. … any new medium contains whithin it the
characteristics of an older medium,
obscuring what really new (…) Tagging, as
phenomena, contains the existing medium
of classification [replace with annotation,
indexing, categorization, etc.], but it is its
extension to far greater ratios of
massification which makes it a new
medium entirely. More really is different.
(Scott Bradley)
http://zope.cetis.ac.uk/member/scott/blogview?entry=20061117121859

18. And
as we all know it
the Web is all about…
Porn
R-E-S-S-O-U-R-C-E-S !!!

19. “nature”
(1)
identify the subject
IRW: physical entity resource, web resource, conceptual resource…
Halpin & Presutti (2009)

20. “nature”
(2)
sub-properties of isRelatedTo
= open to any available RDF property
extension of Golder & Huberman (2006), Sen et al.(2006)

21. “nature”
(3)
different signs
symbol (text, URI), icon,…

22. http://.../tag23
“nature”
tag actions
captured/encapsulated in a named graph
Carroll et al. (2005)

23. How to do things with words?
Speech acts.
How to do things with tags?
Tag actions.

24. Action nt:TagAction nt:isRelatedTo
Point/Designate nt:PointAt nt:hasPart
nt:GrantAccessRights nt:canBeReadBy
Grant/Deny access rights to
To (etc.)
nt:hasCommunityTag
Aggregate nt:Aggregate
nt:hasPersonalSign
Share Nt:Share nt:sentTo
nt:isAbout,
nt:isRelevantToSo,
Assert nt:Assert
nt:isRelevantToSt
nt:hasForMedium
Evaluate nt:Evaluate nt:isWorth
Set a task nt:SetTask nt:elicitsAction
Express an emotion nt:ExpressEmotion nt:makesMeFeel
nt:raisesQuestionAbo
Ask a question nt:Ask
ut

25. Such tag actions bear the mark of the
technological mediation of the Web. It thus
becomes more accurate to describe the :Send
tag action as involving a sioc:UserAccount
rather than to a person the way it is traditionally
conceived).
Compared to traditional speech acts, whether
grounded ontologically (as in Adolf Reinach,
founding father of speech acts) or not, this brings
a lot of changes in the way we understand them.

26. sioc:has_creator
http://.../tag23 #buttersg88
dc:date
11/03/2008
“nature” sioc:container
http://www.flickr.com
describe the tag action
as any other resource

27. rdf:type
http://.../tag23 nt:ManualTag
“nature”
even type the tag action
sioc:Item rdfg:Graph
TagAction
ManualTagAction AutoTagAction MachineTagAction IndividualTagAction CollectiveTagAction

28. http://.../tag23 …
scot:hasTag #nature
choose any existing model
SCOT, SIOC, MOAT, IRW, NAO, ES, Tagora, UTO,
CommonTag, Newman's Tag Ontology, Tagont…

29. RDF Source declaration
1. <irw:WebResource rdf:about ='http://flickr.com/xyz'
2. cos:graph='http://mysocialsi.te/tag#7182904'>
3. <nicetag:isAbout>improvisation</nicetag:isAbout>
4. </irw:WebResource>
5. <nicetag:ManualTagAction
rdf:about ='http://mysocialsi.te/tag #7182904'>
6. <dc:creator>Fabien Gandon</dc:creator>
7. <dc:date>2009-10-07T19:20:30.45+01:00</dc:date>
8. </nicetag:ManualTag>

30. SPARQL all the manual tags
1. SELECT ?t ?a ?g WHERE {
2. GRAPH ? tag { ?t ?a ?g }
3. ?tag rdf:type nicetag:ManualTagAction }

31. <irw:WebResource rdf:about ='http://flickr.com/xyz'
cos:graph='http://mysocialsi.te/tag#7182904'>
<nicetag:isAbout>improvisation</nicetag:isAbout>
</irw:WebResource>
rdf:about = 'http:// flickr.com/xyz'
 http://flickr.com/xyz/

32. This URI…
• Gives access to an image on Flickr
irw:givesAccessTo
• identifies a resource whose (private) nature is
set by the owner of the URI that identifies it
irw:identifies
• Allows to refer to whatever I want (including a
plurality of things at once: from a single
resource/URI, I may tag a photo and then a
landscape…)
irw:refersTo

33. SPARQL request on manual tags
1. SELECT ?t ?a ?g WHERE {
2. GRAPH ? tag { ?t ?a ?g }
3. ?tag rdf:type nicetag:ManualTagAction }

34. summary
tag actions as typed & named graphs + ontology
rdf:type
http://... nt:TagAction
sign
…
…
resource RELATION
…
…

35. http://ns.inria.fr/nicetag/2009/09/25/voc#
n i c e dereferenceable
t a g namespace
*NiceTag speaks 5 languages.*
Also available in French, Italian, Spaniard, and Dutch. Soon in
German too!