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Área, perímetro y volumen de figuras del plano y del espacio         www.vaxasoftware.com


A = Área,   P = Perímetro,   V = Volumen
Figuras del plano

Cuadrado
                              A = a2             Ángulo interno α = 90°

                              P = 4a             Ángulo externo β = 90°

                                                 Núm. diagonales ND = 2


Rectángulo
                              A = b·h

                              P = 2b + 2h




Paralelogramo
                              A = b·h

                              P = 2b + 2a




Rombo
                                   d ·D
                              A=
                                     2

                              P = 4a

                              4a 2 = d 2 + D 2

Trapecio
                                   b+B
                              A=       h
                                    2

                              P = a+b+ B+c




www.vaxasoftware.com
Trapecio recto
                            b+B
                       A=       h
                             2
                       P = a+b+ B+h
                       a 2 = ( B − b) 2 + h 2



Triángulo equilátero
                            a·h    3 2
                       A=       =   a                       Ángulo interno α = 60°
                             2    4
                       P = 3a                               Ángulo externo β = 120°
                              3
                       h=       a                           Núm. diagonales ND = 0
                             2

Triángulo isósceles
                            b·h a·b·sen A
                       A=      =
                             2      2

                       P = 2a + b ,             h = a · sen A

                       4a 2 = 4h 2 + b 2

Triángulo escaleno
                            b·h
                       A=
                             2
                                                                         a+b+c
                       A = s( s − a)(s − b)(s − c)                  s=
                                                                           2

                       P = a+b+c                                    h = c · sen A = a · sen C

Triángulo rectángulo
                            b·a
                       A=                           a = c · sen A = c · cos B
                             2

                       P = a+b+c                    b = c · sen B = c · cos A

                       c2 = a2 + b2

Pentágono regular
                            5a·b 5 2          5
                       A=       = r 10 + 2 5 = r 2 ·sen 72°
                             2   8            2
                       P = 5b        4r 2 = 4a 2 + b 2              Ángulo interno α = 108°
                           r
                       b=     10 − 2 5 = 2r ·sen 36°                Ángulo externo β = 72°
                           2
                           r
                       a=     6 + 2 5 = r ·cos 36°                  Núm. diagonales ND = 5
                           4

www.vaxasoftware.com
Hexágono regular
                                  3 3 2
                              A=     b = 3b 2 ·sen 60°                   Ángulo interno α = 120°
                                   2
                              P = 6b                                     Ángulo externo β = 60°
                                    3
                              a=      b = b·cos 30°                      Núm. diagonales ND = 9
                                   2



                                                            (        )           2b 2     2b 2
Octágono regular
                              A = 4·a·b = 8·a 2 ·tan 22,5° = 8 2 − 8 a 2 =              =
                                                                              tan 22,5°   2 −1
                              P = 8·b = 16·a·tan 22,5°                   Ángulo interno α = 135°
                              a = r ·cos 22,5°                           Ángulo externo β = 45°
                              b = 2r ·sen 22,5°                          Núm. diagonales ND = 20

Polígono regular de n lados                                                    Ángulo interno :
                                 n·a·b              180°
                              A=       = n·a 2 ·tan                               (n − 2)·180°
                                   2                  n                        α=
                                                                                        n
                                                   180°                         Ángulo externo :
                              P = n·b = 2n·a·tan
                                                     n                          β = 180° − α
                                                                                Núm. diagonales :
                                         180°                     180°
                              a = r ·cos              b = 2r ·sen                    n·(n − 3)
                                           n                        n           ND =
                                                                                         2
Círculo
                              A = π r2

                              P = 2π r




Sector circular
                                          α
                              A = π r2
                                         360°

                                         α
                              L=πr
                                      180°

                              P = 2r + L              α en grados sexagesimales


www.vaxasoftware.com
Segmento circular
                             ⎛ π·α sen α ⎞
                       A = r2⎜      −    ⎟
                             ⎝ 360°   2 ⎠
                             ⎛       α⎞                              α              α
                       h = r ⎜1 − cos ⎟             c = 2r ·sen            L=πr
                             ⎝       2⎠                              2             180°
                                                                 2
                                                         h c
                       P= L+c                       r=    +                α en grados sexagesimales
                                                         2 8h

Triángulo circular
                                sen α                                α
                       A = r2                       c = 2r ·sen
                                  2                                  2

                       P = 2r + c                  α en grados sexagesimales




Trapecio circular
                                            α
                              (
                       A = π R2 − r 2    ) 360°
                                            α
                       P = 2π ( R + r )           + 2( R − r )
                                          360°
                       α en grados sexagesimales



                       A = π (R 2 − r 2 )
Corona circular


                       P = 2π ( R + r )




Elipse
                       A = π a·b

                       P ≅ π (a + b)

                                π/2
                       P = 4∫         a 2sen 2t + b 2 cos2 t dt
                                0




www.vaxasoftware.com
Figuras del espacio

Cubo (hexaedro)
                       A = 6 a2

                       V = a3




Prisma recto
                       A = 2a·b + 2a·c + 2b·c

                       V = a·b·c




Esfera
                       A = 4 π·r 2

                            4π·r 3
                       V=
                              3




Cilindro
                       ATOTAL = 2π r (h + r )

                       ABASES = 2 π r 2           ALATERAL = 2π r·h

                       V = π·r 2 ·h



Cono
                       ATOTAL = π r · g + π r 2

                       ABASE = π r 2              ALATERAL = π r·g

                            π r 2 ·h
                       V=                         g 2 = h2 + r 2
                              3


www.vaxasoftware.com
Pirámide
                       ATOTAL = ALAT + ABASE

                                 Perímetro BASE ·hC
                       ALAT =
                                        2

                            ABASE ·h
                       V=
                               3

Segmento esférico
                       ATOTAL = ASUP.CURVA + ABASE


                       ABASE =
                                  π c2
                                   4
                                                   ASUP.CURVA = 2 π r ·h =
                                                                             4
                                                                              (
                                                                             π 2
                                                                               c + 4h 2   )
                            π ⎛ 3c 2      ⎞        ⎛    h⎞                         h c2
                       V=    h⎜      + h2 ⎟ = π h2 ⎜ r − ⎟                    r=    +
                            6 ⎜ 4
                              ⎝
                                          ⎟
                                          ⎠        ⎝    3⎠                         2 8h


Toro
                       A = π 2 D·d = π 2 ( R 2 − r 2 )

                             π2         π2
                       V=       D·d 2 =    ( R + r )·( R − r ) 2
                             4          4

                       D = R+r,           d = R−r


Tetraedro
                       A = 3 a2

                                   3 2                     3                        6
                       ACARA =      a              hC =      a                h=      a
                                  4                       2                        3

                             2 3
                       V=      a
                            12


www.vaxasoftware.com
Octaedro
                       A = 2 3 a2

                                   3 2
                       ACARA =      a
                                  4

                              2 3
                       V=      a
                             3

Dodecaedro
                       A = 3 25 + 10 5 a 2

                                  25 + 10 5 2
                       ACARA =             a
                                      4

                            15 + 7 5 3
                       V=           a
                                4
Icosaedro
                       A = 5 3 a2

                                   3 2
                       ACARA =      a
                                  4

                       V=
                             5
                            12
                              (3 + 5 a3  )

www.vaxasoftware.com

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Formulas de areas y perimetros

  • 1. Área, perímetro y volumen de figuras del plano y del espacio www.vaxasoftware.com A = Área, P = Perímetro, V = Volumen Figuras del plano Cuadrado A = a2 Ángulo interno α = 90° P = 4a Ángulo externo β = 90° Núm. diagonales ND = 2 Rectángulo A = b·h P = 2b + 2h Paralelogramo A = b·h P = 2b + 2a Rombo d ·D A= 2 P = 4a 4a 2 = d 2 + D 2 Trapecio b+B A= h 2 P = a+b+ B+c www.vaxasoftware.com
  • 2. Trapecio recto b+B A= h 2 P = a+b+ B+h a 2 = ( B − b) 2 + h 2 Triángulo equilátero a·h 3 2 A= = a Ángulo interno α = 60° 2 4 P = 3a Ángulo externo β = 120° 3 h= a Núm. diagonales ND = 0 2 Triángulo isósceles b·h a·b·sen A A= = 2 2 P = 2a + b , h = a · sen A 4a 2 = 4h 2 + b 2 Triángulo escaleno b·h A= 2 a+b+c A = s( s − a)(s − b)(s − c) s= 2 P = a+b+c h = c · sen A = a · sen C Triángulo rectángulo b·a A= a = c · sen A = c · cos B 2 P = a+b+c b = c · sen B = c · cos A c2 = a2 + b2 Pentágono regular 5a·b 5 2 5 A= = r 10 + 2 5 = r 2 ·sen 72° 2 8 2 P = 5b 4r 2 = 4a 2 + b 2 Ángulo interno α = 108° r b= 10 − 2 5 = 2r ·sen 36° Ángulo externo β = 72° 2 r a= 6 + 2 5 = r ·cos 36° Núm. diagonales ND = 5 4 www.vaxasoftware.com
  • 3. Hexágono regular 3 3 2 A= b = 3b 2 ·sen 60° Ángulo interno α = 120° 2 P = 6b Ángulo externo β = 60° 3 a= b = b·cos 30° Núm. diagonales ND = 9 2 ( ) 2b 2 2b 2 Octágono regular A = 4·a·b = 8·a 2 ·tan 22,5° = 8 2 − 8 a 2 = = tan 22,5° 2 −1 P = 8·b = 16·a·tan 22,5° Ángulo interno α = 135° a = r ·cos 22,5° Ángulo externo β = 45° b = 2r ·sen 22,5° Núm. diagonales ND = 20 Polígono regular de n lados Ángulo interno : n·a·b 180° A= = n·a 2 ·tan (n − 2)·180° 2 n α= n 180° Ángulo externo : P = n·b = 2n·a·tan n β = 180° − α Núm. diagonales : 180° 180° a = r ·cos b = 2r ·sen n·(n − 3) n n ND = 2 Círculo A = π r2 P = 2π r Sector circular α A = π r2 360° α L=πr 180° P = 2r + L α en grados sexagesimales www.vaxasoftware.com
  • 4. Segmento circular ⎛ π·α sen α ⎞ A = r2⎜ − ⎟ ⎝ 360° 2 ⎠ ⎛ α⎞ α α h = r ⎜1 − cos ⎟ c = 2r ·sen L=πr ⎝ 2⎠ 2 180° 2 h c P= L+c r= + α en grados sexagesimales 2 8h Triángulo circular sen α α A = r2 c = 2r ·sen 2 2 P = 2r + c α en grados sexagesimales Trapecio circular α ( A = π R2 − r 2 ) 360° α P = 2π ( R + r ) + 2( R − r ) 360° α en grados sexagesimales A = π (R 2 − r 2 ) Corona circular P = 2π ( R + r ) Elipse A = π a·b P ≅ π (a + b) π/2 P = 4∫ a 2sen 2t + b 2 cos2 t dt 0 www.vaxasoftware.com
  • 5. Figuras del espacio Cubo (hexaedro) A = 6 a2 V = a3 Prisma recto A = 2a·b + 2a·c + 2b·c V = a·b·c Esfera A = 4 π·r 2 4π·r 3 V= 3 Cilindro ATOTAL = 2π r (h + r ) ABASES = 2 π r 2 ALATERAL = 2π r·h V = π·r 2 ·h Cono ATOTAL = π r · g + π r 2 ABASE = π r 2 ALATERAL = π r·g π r 2 ·h V= g 2 = h2 + r 2 3 www.vaxasoftware.com
  • 6. Pirámide ATOTAL = ALAT + ABASE Perímetro BASE ·hC ALAT = 2 ABASE ·h V= 3 Segmento esférico ATOTAL = ASUP.CURVA + ABASE ABASE = π c2 4 ASUP.CURVA = 2 π r ·h = 4 ( π 2 c + 4h 2 ) π ⎛ 3c 2 ⎞ ⎛ h⎞ h c2 V= h⎜ + h2 ⎟ = π h2 ⎜ r − ⎟ r= + 6 ⎜ 4 ⎝ ⎟ ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ 2 8h Toro A = π 2 D·d = π 2 ( R 2 − r 2 ) π2 π2 V= D·d 2 = ( R + r )·( R − r ) 2 4 4 D = R+r, d = R−r Tetraedro A = 3 a2 3 2 3 6 ACARA = a hC = a h= a 4 2 3 2 3 V= a 12 www.vaxasoftware.com
  • 7. Octaedro A = 2 3 a2 3 2 ACARA = a 4 2 3 V= a 3 Dodecaedro A = 3 25 + 10 5 a 2 25 + 10 5 2 ACARA = a 4 15 + 7 5 3 V= a 4 Icosaedro A = 5 3 a2 3 2 ACARA = a 4 V= 5 12 (3 + 5 a3 ) www.vaxasoftware.com