1. Study Guide-
1. Philosopher-king should rule; critical of dir. dem.
2. Use reason to solve problems; scientific method
3. Absolute monarch; powerful English queen prior to
enlightenment era
4. Absolute monarch; Powerful French King- built
Versailles palace
5. Human nature is evil; Commoners incapable of ruling
themselves democratically- Need strong monarch

2. Study Guide
6. Born with natural rights (life, liberty, property)
Influenced American Revolution
7. Reformed criminal justice system (no torture, no
capital punishment & speedy trial set)
8. Man is born good but corrupted by society- They
CAN rule (direct democracy)- Social contract= individual
sovereignty (gov by the people)
9. Freedom of Religion- Critical of church’s role in
government. Separation church & state (gov)
10. Enlightened Despot- Empress of Russia

3. Study Guide
11. Enlightened despot of Prussia
12. Enlightened despot of Austria-Hungarian Empire
13. Separation/ division of powers (exec., legisl, judicial)
and limit monarch’s powers.
14. Revolutionary general in South America- Liberated
Peru, Argentina, Colombia, and Bolivia from Spain
(independence!)- Wanted United States of S. Amer.
15. Revolutionary general of American Continental
Army- 1st Pres/ member of Continental Congress

4. Study Guide
16. Men and women born with equal capacity to
lead. Equal rights in ed, family, and gov.
17. Founding father of US/ Continental Congress-
Writer of Declaration of Independence.

5. Adam Smith
1. English Physiocrat (economic thinker
advocating little gov. intervention)/ FREE
MARKET= CAPITALISM
2. Free Market- Let the private (indep.)
businesses run themselves with no/ little
interference from gov. = CAPITALISM
Let the Markets run themselves- It will be in
their best interest to make them as profitable as
possible. Competition is necessary for a free
market.

6. Examples of Private/Public
In Lakeside
Publically Owned: Privately Owned:
Schools- State/ All businesses (goods
community colleges and services) who
Transport- bus work for profit
system Banks
Roads/ sidewalks Casinos
Parks Energy companies
Library Phone companies
Fire/ Police Dept. Health Care
Water District companies/insurance
Day Care

7. “Public” vs. “Private”
What organizations does the government provide
for or help with (public)?
Federal agencies (FDA- regulates
pharmacudicals, FAA- regulates aviation
companies, Post Office)
What organizations are private?
Starbucks, Nike, almost all stores, (since
deregulation) energy companies, farmers (but
they get gov. subsidies, Federal Express)

8. Study Guide
3. Tea house- gathering place/ clubs for philosophers
and visionaries to discuss new ideas
4. Art that is dramatic and emotional. Use of dark
and light- strong colors
5. Art that is artisocratic, emphasizing leisure time-
superficial content- delicate and light
6. Glorious Revolution- Peaceful change of monarch
in England- William II agrees to completely share
power w/ parliament houses.

9. Study Guide
7. Established w/ Glor. Rev. limits royal power.
8. Monarch role very limited with Glor. Rev. b/c
parliament and monarch share- divides power
9. Parliament- English legislature- House of
Lords and House of Commons. PRIME
MINISTER
10. Act of Union- Scotland, North Ireland,
Wales unite with England- forming United
Kingdom

10. Study Guide
11. 1. Colonists want to expand west, taxes
imposed with no representation (2. stamp, 3.tea), 4.
quartering law, 5. enlightenment ideas...democ.?
12. Ended the American Rev. (Brit/Fr. /Am agree to
terms.
13. Adams, Washington, Franklin, Jefferson meet
to draft the new constitution
14. Influenced by Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire and
british documents- Inspired many other
democratic countries

11. Study Guide
15. Declaration of Independence- Written by
Jefferson, inspired the French Declaration of
the Rights of Man.
16. 1. Monarchy in Debt (from court spending
and Am. rev.) 2. Over-taxing peasants, 3. Weak
king 4. Church corruption, 5. Poor harvest

12. STUDY GUIDE FR. REV
17. Women peasants and merchants (many of them
from the fish markets) take up arms and storm
Versailles, taking the king and queen to Paris.
18. Clergy, Nobility, Commoners (peasant and
merchants)- RISING NOBILITY = “BOURGEOISIE”
19. Old regime of Louis XVI, National Assembly,
Committee of Public Safety/ Reign of Terror, The
Directory, Napoleon Bonaparte
20. Based on Dec. of Indep (Am.)- All equal, self-gov.,
no king mentioned!

13. STUDY GUIDE
21. King of France during revolution. Weak
leader, accused of being a traitor, beheaded as
war looms with Austria/ Prussia
22. Wife of Louis XVI, Queen of Fr. - Gambled,
high court spending, devoted mother, unaware of
politics of governing, beheaded as traitor after
Louis XVI
23. Robespierre- Jacobin leader of Republican
National Convention. Radical revolutionary
leader

14. STUDY GUIDE
24. Marat- Reactionary journalist, ranted
against anyone who was not “with the
revolution”. Published lists of “traitors”
who where executed.
25. More moderate revolutionary leader
(perhaps more like Franklin in his
motives...) Argues against the Jacobins and
beheaded.
26. Napoleon (along with Adam Smith) will
be tomorrow......

15. King
Louis
XVI
of France Text
Text
Louis XVI
Weak as
king
Massive
debt

16. Queen
Marie-
Antoinette
Austian by Marie
birth
Loved the
Antoinette
lavish life-
style of
court.

17. Palace of Versailles

18. Hall of Mirrors

19. The Three Estates:
1. Clergy (Church)
2. Nobility
(Aristocracy-
inherited status)
3. Everyone Else
(peasants +
commoners)!

20. Estates General
Each estate had
one vote per
group. The
clergy and
nobility
continuously
voted together
against raising
taxes on
themselves.

21. Causes of the French Revolution

22. Storming Bastille
Day One of
French
Revolution!
Commoners
storm prison for
armaments, gun
powder, and
prisoners, killing
all guards and
loyalists to the
king.

23. Locked out of
Tennis Court Oath Estates
General, the
Third Estate
moves to the
courts. Here,
they realize
their power
and pledge to
meet until they
have a new
constitiution.
Egalité
Liberté
Fraternité

24. La Liberté et La Revolution

25. March on Versailles

26. The Reign of Terror

27. Execution Louis XVI

28. The First Republic

29. • Louis XVI shouted:
‘I die innocent of all the crimes
with which I am charged. I
forgive those that are guilty of
my death, and I pray God that
the blood you are about to shed
will never be required of France.’

30. Louis’ head

31. Louis head 2

32. Execution Robespierre

33. Coronation of Napoleon B

35. Review Questions
What were the differences between the three
estates?
Why was the third estate discontent?
Who were the leaders of the revolution and what
was their role?
Why did they kill their king?
What are the differences between the French
revolution and the American revolution?

37. Reforms- Yes! He learned from
the enlightenment and the
Frenchdespot”…??? He was authoritarian/ autocratic
“Enlightened
Revolution!
but:
*Government overhauled, made more efficient
*Equality before the law- NAPOLEONIC CODE
*Government jobs open to all, based upon skills not
birthright
*Granted non-Catholics full citizenship
*Excellent military tactics

39. Turn to map on page 666.
Read the legend at the top of the page.
All the purple is Napoleon control.
Notice British Blockade (Great Britain is now
very strong since Act of Union with Scotland
and Ireland- huge, skilled NAVY)

44. Napoleon’s defeat
Conquers much of Europe and moves east into
Russia. Not prepared for cold, harsh Russian
winters.
Czar of Russia uses SLASH AND BURN against
them- no grass for cavalry, no food from villages,
everything destroyed as they arrive.
Upon return, in battle with Britain, Napoleon’s
army and exiled (imprisoned on an island)

45. Congress of Vienna
*Concerned about the tide of nationalism
and Rights of Man spread by the French
Revolution and Napoleon, the victor
nations met to discuss future of Europe.
*Monarchs wished to keep hold on power!

46. How to ensure lasting peace
European heads of state and monarchs
meet to:
A) Contain France
B) Balance the Power
C) Keep monarchs in place legitimately!
Look at page 674!
Study the two maps.
What changes do you see?

47. Congress of Vienna-
Austrian Prince Clemens von Metternich
advocated European powers:
•Suppress any future revolutionary
movements quickly!
•Ensure power lies with legitimate and
traditional rulers.
•Control the population through the press
and strict laws.
(In France, the monarchy was restored and King
LouisXVIII was installed! So much for democracy for
now.........)

48. Review
What did Napoleon achieve?
What were his accomplishments?
What did the Congress of Vienna accomplish?
What were the goals of the European monarchs?
What is Napoleon’s legacy?