1. There are two main types of democracy - parliamentary and presidential. In a parliamentary democracy, the prime minister is both the head of government and answers directly to parliament, while in a presidential system the president is the head of state and head of government separately from the legislature. 2. Key differences are that in a parliamentary system the government is responsible to parliament and can be removed by a no-confidence vote, while in a presidential system the president has a fixed term and is not accountable to the legislature. 3. Additionally, in a parliamentary system the prime minister and ministers are usually members of parliament, whereas in a presidential system strict separation of powers means the president and cabinet cannot be legislators.

1. MOHANLAL SUKHADIA UNIVERSITY
Submitted to: Submitted By:
Deepti Sharma Amulya

3. Democracy is a form of govt in which eligible citizens
participate equally- either directly or indirectly through
representatives.
There are two types of democracy-
1.Parliamentary form of Democracy
2.Presidential form of Democracy

4. PARLIAMENTRY
GOVERNMENT

5. Parliamentary Government
•a democratic form of government in which the people vote
for those who represent the political party they feel best
represents their views of how the government should
operate

6. In a Parliamentary Democracy
•Parliament, the legislature the people elect, makes and
enforces the laws of the country.
•The leader is often called a prime minister (or premier),
and the prime minister is a member of parliament.
•The prime minister is usually chosen by the political party
that wins a majority of representatives (or seats) in the
parliament.
•The Prime minister is the head of the govt.

7. In a Parliamentary Democracy
•The prime minister leads the executive branch of the
government and must answer directly to the parliament
for the actions taken and the policies recommended.
•In many parliamentary democracies, a head of state like
a queen, king, or president is the head of state but is
basically a ceremonial leader.

8. In a Parliamentary Democracy . . . .
•A prime minister holds power for the term of office set
by a country’s constitution.
•A prime minister leads the work done by the
parliament, and the Prime Minister is helped by his
cabinet, a group of advisors.
•A prime minister may be voted out of office before his
or her term runs out if the party he or she leads begins
to lose power. (New elections may be held before the
prime minister’s term of office is over.)

9. FEDERAL SYSTEM
• The division of power between the state govt
and the centre or union govt.
• UNION GOVT+STATE GOVT=POWER

10. DIVISION OF POWER IN 3 LISTS
• Union list
Consists of issues of national concern eg,currency,defence….
Only Union government can make laws.
• State list
Consist of issues of state importance eg,housing,transport…
Only state government can make laws.
• Concurrent list
Consist issues common in both the list eg,Education….
Both the government can make laws.

11. Presidential government

12. Presidential Democracy
(Sometimes called Congressional)
•a democratic form of government in which a president is
chosen to be the leader
•The executive branch exists separately from
the legislature (to which it is generally not
accountable).

13. In a Presidential Democracy . . . .
•A president, or chief executive, is chosen separately from
the legislature.
•A president is in a separate branch of the government.
•The legislature passes the laws, and the president sees
that the laws are enforced.
•The president holds power separately from the legislature,
but the president does not have the power to dismiss the
legislature or force them to make specific laws.

14. In a Presidential Democracy . . . .
•The president is the official head of government.
•The legislature does not have the power to dismiss the
president, except in severe cases. (Example: when the
president has broken a law)
•The president is both the head of state and the head
of the government.

16. Comparison between Parliamentary
and Presidential form of govt
• 1. In the Parliamentary form of government,
there are two heads. One is a nominal head while
another is the real head. For example, in India,
the President is the nominal head while the
Prime Minister is the real head. The President of
India is the head of state while the Prime Minister
is the head of government. But in the Presidential
form of government, there is only one head. The
President of America is the head of state as well
as the head of government.

17. • 2. In the Parliamentary system, the Council of
Ministers headed by the Prime Minister is
responsible to the legislature. But in the
Presidential type, the President and his ministers
are not responsible to the legislature.
• 3. In the Parliamentary type, the Council of
Ministers will lose office if it loses the vote of
confidence / no confidence. But in the
Presidential type, the President cannot be ousted
from power by a vote of no-confidence. He can
be removed from office though impeachment
which is much more difficult than the vote of
confidence/no confidence.

18. • 4. In the Parliamentary system, the government
does not enjoy a fixed tenure."For example, in
India the government can stay in power for five
years. But any time during this period, the
government can be removed from power through
a vote of no-confidence. In the Presidential
system, the President has generally a fixed tenure
because it is not easy to impeach him.
• 5. There is not strict separation of powers in the
Parliamentary type. The ministers are also
members of the legislature. But, in the
Presidential type, the principle of separation of
powers is strictly followed. In the US, the
President and his Ministers (Secretaries) are not
members of the Congress.

19. • 6. In the Parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is not
fully free to choose his ministers. He has to choose them
from among the members of Parliament. But in the
Presidential system, the President enjoys much more
freedom in selecting his ministers. He selects them from a
much wider field taking into account their experience and
expertise.
• 7. At the time of crisis the Presidential executive is more
successful in taking prompt and bold decisions than the
Parliamentary government.
• 8. The Presidential system of government provides more
political stability than the Parliamentary form of
government.
• 9. As the government in the parliamentary system is
responsible to the Parliament, it is more democratic and
respectful of public opinion than the Presidential executive
which is not responsible to the legislature.

20. Comparison of Parliamentary and
Presidential Systems
Differences Presidential Parliamentary
Structure of the executive Single-headed Double-headed
Source of the executive People Parliament
Responsibility of the
executive to parliament
No Yes
Cancel of parliament
by the executive
No Yes
Same person be part of
legislative and executive
Not possible Possible
Take part in the works of
parliament by executive
Not possible Possible

21. THE END