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DG2 Neo-Neo Debate
1. Theme “Major International Relations Theories”
DG 2.
Neo-realism and Neo-liberal
Institutionalism:
the Neo-Neo Debate
January 29th, 2015
Anna A. Dekalchuk,
Lecturer at the Department of Applied Politics,
Higher School of Economics – St. Petersburg
2. Outline
1. Neorealism: don’t be lost!
1. Neoliberalism: what is it?
1. Liberal institutionalism
1. Neo-neo debate
3. 1. Neorealism: don’t be lost!
Structural realism, or neorealism
Offensive realism
Defensive realism
Kenneth Waltz
(1924-2013)
“Theory of International
Politics” (1979)
John Mearsheimer
(born 1947)
+
Stephen Walt
Robert Jervis
(born 1940)
+
Jack Snyder
Joseph Grieco
Absolute and relative gains
And who are
modern realists?
4. 1. Neorealism: don’t be lost!
Structural realism, or neorealism
Kenneth Waltz
(1924-2013)
“Theory of International
Politics” (1979)
o
Special attention to international structure (not
unit-level explanations).
o
Structure is defined by the ordering principle of
the international system, which is anarchy, and
the distribution of capabilities across units,
which are states.
o
Anarchy is defined as the lack of a common
power or central authority to enforce rules and
maintain order in the system.
o
States are functionally similar units.
o
Power is more than the accumulation of military
resources and the ability to use this power to
coerce and control other states in the system.
o
Power as the combined capabilities of a state
(power gives a state a place or position in the
international system and that shapes the
state’s behaviour).
5. 1. Neorealism: don’t be lost!
Structural realism, or neorealism
Joseph Grieco
(absolute and relative
gains)
o
States are concerned with how much power
and influence other states might achieve
(relative gains) in any cooperative endeavour.
o
Neo-liberals claim that cooperation does not
work when states fail to follow the rules and
“cheat” to secure their national interests.
Neorealists claim that there are two barriers to
international cooperation: cheating and the
relative gains of other actors.
o
In a world of uncertainty and competition, the
fundamental question is not whether all parties
gain from the cooperation, but who will gain
more if we cooperate.
7. 2. Neoliberalism: what is it?
Academic world Policy and IR world
Liberal institutionalism, or
institutional theory
Free trade, open markets and
Western democratic values and
institutions
VS.
8. 2. Neoliberalism
Commercial liberalism
Republican liberalism
Sociological liberalism
Liberal institutionalism
Thomas Friedman
The New York
Times
columnist
Free trade and a market
capitalism economy is the
way towards peace and
prosperity
Michael Doyle
(born 1948)
Democratic peace theory
Notion of community and interdependence
process; transnational activity of
transnational civil society + popular culture
David Mitrani
Ernst Haas
Functional and
Neofunctional
Integration Theories
Stephen Krasner
International
Regimes
9. 2. Neoliberalism
Thomas Friedman
The New York
Times
columnist
Golden Arches Theory:
“The Lexus and the Olive Tree” (1999): “No two countries that
both had McDonald's had fought a war against each other since
each got its McDonald's”.
Dell Theory:
“The World is Fat” (2005): “No two countries that are both part
of a major global supply chain, like Dell’s, will ever fight a war
against each other as long as they are both part of the same
global supply chain”.
10. 3. Lib. Institutionalism
Liberal institutionalism
Robert Keohane
(born 1941)
Joseph Nye
(born 1937)
Transnationalism, pluralism and complex interdependence theory
According to these scholars, institutions are…?
11. 3. Lib. Institutionalism
Transnationalism, pluralism and complex interdependence theory
Institutions are the mediator and the means to achieve
cooperation among actors in the system.
o
Increasing linkages among states and non-state actors;
o
A new agenda of international issues with no distinction between low
and high politics;
o
A recognition of multiple channels of interaction among actors across
national borders;
o
The decline of the efficacy of military force as a tool of statecraft;
o
Successful responses to transnational security threats require the
creation of regional and global regimes that promote cooperation
among states and the coordination of policy responses to these new
security threats (regimes facilitate cooperation by sharing information,
reinforcing reciprocity, and making defection from norms easier to
punish);
o
Support for cooperative multilateralism.
What are the main points of
modern liberal institutionalists?
13. 4. Neo-neo debate
VS.
Lisa Martin
1. Nature and consequences of anarchy
1. International cooperation
1. Relative versus absolute gains
1. Priorities of state goals
1. Intentions versus capabilities
1. Institutions and regimes
(Baldwin, 1993)
