This document discusses human development across the lifespan from infancy to older age. It covers the main aspects of development - physical, mental, emotional, and social. For each stage of development, it outlines characteristics and health issues. Key points include rapid physical and cognitive growth in infancy, importance of social bonds, mental maturation and independence in adolescence, and physical and mental declines in older age. Major diseases vary by stage, such as measles and diarrhea in children, and non-communicable diseases dominating adult mortality. Promoting health education and immunization can help address risks at different life stages.

2. The Life Span
By:
Gerry Ann B. Pangadlin
Zaira Febe A. Rios

3. Human Development
and the Different
Aspects of Development

5. What is Human
Development?

6. Human development
is a lifelong process of
physical, behavioural,
cognitive, and emotional
growth and change.

8. ASPECTS OF
DEVELOPMEN
T

9. ASPECTS OF
DEVELOPMENT
1 Physical Development
2 Mental Development
3 Emotional
Development
4 Social Development

11. are the progressive
changes and
improvements during
mental maturation.
(Psychology
Dictionary)
Mental Development

12. : "As an individual
grows and develops,
mental development
supports the growth
of their cognitive
abilities."
Mental Development

13. are brain-based skills
we need to carry out
any task from the
simplest to the most
complex.
Cognitive Abilities

15. The term emotion is
derived from Latin
term ’emovere’ which
means to stir, to
agitate to move.
Hence, an emotion is
referred to as a
stirred up state of
agitation. We feel
agitated or excited
when we experience
anger, fear, joy,
grief, disgust, etc.

16. An emotional state consists of
feelings, impulses, physical and
physiological reactions.
According to wood-worth,
Emotion “is a moved or stirred
up state of an organism. It is
disturbed muscular and
glandular activity”. We find
different emotional development
at various stages of human life.

17. SOCIAL
DEVELOPME
NT

18. At birth, the child is neither social nor unsocial. When the child
grows up, he develops some social behaviour which makes him an
acceptable social being.
Social development can be defined by Hurlock as social
development is the “attaining of maturity in
social relationships”.

19. Garret regards social development as the process whereby “the
biological individual is converted into a human person.” Social
development is closely associated with mental, physical and emotional
aspectsofdevelopment.

20. An individual’s social and emotional behaviour
is so closely interlinked that feelings of
jealousy, shyness, affection and sympathy
which are primarily regarded as emotional
responses can also be treated as social forms
of behaviour.

21. LIFE

22. LIFESPAN
DEVELOPMENT
The term “lifespan development”
refers to age-related changes
that occur from birth,
throughout a persons' life, into
and during old age.

23. 6
Stages
Of
Lifespan
Develop-
ment
Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Early
Adulthood, Middle Age, Older Age

24. INFANCY
Birth-two Years
While the infant is dependent on adults for most
things, many psychological characteristics are rapidly
developing. During this stage, the bond that develops
between the infant and their primary caregiver is
important in terms of the infant's later emotional
development.

25.  Age: birth to 1 year old
 Conflict – Trust vs. Mistrust
 Dramatic and rapid changes
 Physical development– roll over, crawl, walk,
grasp objects
 Mental development—respond to cold, hunger,
and pain by crying. Begin to recognize
surroundings and become aware of
surroundings and people

26. • Emotional development – show anger,
distrust, happiness, excitement, etc.
• Social development – self-centeredness
concept of the newborn to recognition
of others in their environment
– Infants are dependent on others for all
needs

27. Early Childhood
• Age: 1-6 years old
• Physical development – growth
slower than in infancy. Muscle
coordination allows the child to
run, climb, move freely. Can
write, draw, use a fork and knife

28. Early Childhood
• Age: 1-6 years old
• Mental development – verbal
growth progresses, short
attention span, at end of stage
ask questions, recognize letters,
and some words

29. Early Childhood
• Emotional development
– develop self-awareness and
recognize the effect they have on
other people and things. Children feel
impatience and frustration as they try
to do things beyond their abilities.
This lead to temper tantrums (the
terrible two’s)
Age: 1-6 years old

30. Early Childhood
• Social development
– at beginning of stage very self-
centered one year old to sociable six
year old. Strong attachment to
parents. Needs are food, shelter,
protection, love and security
Age: 1-6 years old

31. Late Childhood
• Age: 6-12 years old
• Physical development
– slow but steady. Muscle
coordination is well developed and
children can engage in physical activity
that require complex motor-sensory
coordination.

32. Late Childhood
• Age: 6-12 years old
• Mental development
– developing quickly and much of
the child’s life centers around school.
Reading and writing skills are learned,
understand abstract concepts like
honesty, loyalty, values and morals.

33. Late Childhood
• Age: 6-12 years old
• Emotional development
• - the child achieves greater
independence and a more distinct
personality. Fears are replaced by
the ability to cope.

34. Late Childhood
• Age: 6-12 years old
• Social development – changes from
activities by themselves to more group
oriented. They are more ready to accept
the opinions of others and learn to
conform to rules, and standards of
behavior. Needs are the same as infancy
and early childhood along with
the need for reassurance,
parental approval, and peer
acceptance.

35. Adolescence
• Age: 12-20 years old
• Physical development
– growth spurts, muscle coordination slows.
Development of sexual organs and secondary
sexual characteristics (puberty). Secretion
of sex hormones leads to the onset of
menstruation in girls and the production of
sperm and semen in boys. Body shape and
form changes.

36. Adolescenc
e
• Age: 12-20 years old
• Mental development
– most foundations have been set.
Development primarily involves an
increase in knowledge and sharpening of
skills. Learn to make decisions and
accept responsibility for actions.

37. • Age: 12-20 years old
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
- is often stormy and in conflict.
Adolescents try to establish their
identities and independence. They
respond more and more to peer group
influences.
Adolescence

38. Age: 12-20 years old
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
– spending less time with family and
more time with peer groups.
- attempt to develop self-identity and
independence and seek security from
their peers.
- Toward the end of this stage they
develop a more mature attitude and
develop patterns of behavior that
they associate with adult behavior.
Adolescence

39. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
– Need for reassurance, support
and understanding.
–Problems that develop in this
stage can be traced to conflict
and feelings of inadequacy and
insecurity.

40. Early Adulthood
 Age: 20-40 years old
 Physical development – basically
complete. Muscles are developed,
strong and motor coordination is at its
peak.
 Mental development – young adults
seek additional education, choose
careers and independence.

41. Early Adulthood
 Age: 20-40 years old
 Emotional development – Young
adults are subjected to many emotional
stresses related to career, marriage,
family, etc.
 Social development – moving away
from peer group, and adults tend to
associate with others who have similar
ambitions. Most find a mate and begin
a family.

42. Middle Adulthood
 Age: 40-65 years of age
 Physical development – Hair grey’s and thins,
skin wrinkles, muscle tone decreases, hearing
loss, visual acuity losses, weight gain. 
 Mental development – can continue to
increase. Confident decision makers and
excellent at analyzing situations.

43. Middle Adulthood
 Age: 40-65 years of age
 Emotional development – can be a
period of contentment and satisfaction.
 Social development -- Family
relationships can decline as children begin
lives of their own and parents die. Divorce
rates are high. Friendships are with
people with similar interests and lifestyles.

44. Late Adulthood
• Age: 65 years of age and up
• Physical development – on the
decline. Skin becomes dry and
wrinkles, “age spots” appear.
Hair thins, muscles lose tone
and strength. Memory loss can
occur and reasoning ability can
diminish.

45. Late Adulthood
• Age: 65 years of age and up
• Mental development
– varies.
People who remain mentally
active and are willing to learn
new things tend to show fewer
signs of decreased mental ability.

46. Late Adulthood
• Age: 65 years of age and up
• Emotional development –
Emotional stability also varies.
• Social development –
retirement can lead to loss of
self esteem, lost identity.
Death of spouse and friends
cause changes in social
relationships.

47. Health Issues That
Affect Each Stage
Of The Life Span

48. Health Issues That Affect
Each Stage Of The Life
Span
• trends and developments in health
throughout the life span, dealing
with four specific age groups –
• infants and small children;
• older children and adolescents;
• adults up to the age of 65;
• and older people, with a special
focus on women’s health

49. Infants and
Small Children
(from birth to 1 year old)

50. Immunization..
• The most cost-effective
• public health intervention of all
• that the world continues to
underuse

51. Vaccines..
• have prevented
• death, disease and disablement
among hundreds of millions of
children.

52. unimmunized.
• Now, only around
of the world’s children remain
20%

53. Infant
Immunization
Chart
Birth to 1 year old

56. Childhood
Immunization
Chart
1-12 years old

58. Diphtheria
• is a respiratory infection
• transmitted through close
physical contact,
• especially in overcrowded and
poor socioeconomic conditions.

59. The fate of a child
is determined by its biology
and its
environment.
Its risk of dying is influenced
biologically by its gender, its
natural deficiencies and its
nutrition; and
by its physical, microbial,
social and
cultural environments.

60. Tetanus of the newborn..
• is the third killer of children
• after measles and pertussis
among the six vaccine-
preventable diseases.

61. It took smallpox nearly two
centuries to be eradicated.
But after 35-40 years, polio
is well on the way to
eradication.

63. 1/3 of the world’s
children are affected by
protein-energy
malnutrition; 76% of
these children live in
Asia (mainly southern
Asia), 21% in Africa and
3% in Latin America.

65. More than
two-thirds of the nearly 4.8 million
newborn deaths are among fully
developed
babies born at term and apparently
well equipped for life; however,
at least 4 out of 5 newborn
deaths are due to infection, birth
asphyxia,
birth injury and problems
linked to preterm birth
INTERPRETATION

66. NEONATAL MORTALITY
refers to
deaths of infants between birth
and the 7th day of life
– the early neonatal period;
and from the 8th to the 28th day of
life – the late neonatal period.

67. Breast-feeding
• is one of the most effective,
• low-cost interventions for neonatal
health.
• Nothing but breast milk is required
for the first 4-6 months of life,
neither substitutes, nor supplements,
nor even water.

68. Perinatal Mortality
• refers to
deaths of babies after 22
completed
weeks of gestation, during birth
and
during the first seven days of life –
the perinatal period.

69. Perinatal Mortality
• Fetal death or
stillbirth
• is death prior to the complete
expulsion or extraction from the
mother of the fetus, irrespective
of
the duration of pregnancy.

70. Perinatal and
neonatal deaths
can be reduced by..
• using an essential set of
interventions for the mother
during pregnancy and delivery
and for the newborn child after
birth.

71. REMEMBER..
• Good newborn care at birth
does not require
sophisticated equipment; it
calls for a set of simple
preventive measures and a
little prompt extra care.

72. Essential newborn
care
All newborn babies need basic
care: cleanliness, warmth, early
and exclusive breast-feeding,
eye
care, immunization,
resuscitation
when necessary.

73. Essential newborn
care
Some newborns need special
care: sick newborns need early
recognition of danger signs,
prompt treatment.

74. Essential newborn
care
Preterm and low birth weight
infants need more cleanliness,
more warmth, more attention
to
breast-feeding, more effective
recognition
and treatment of infections.

75. Health Issues and Diseases in
Infants (birth-1 year old) and
Small Children (1-12 yrs. Old)
• Measles
• Tetanus
• Diphtheria
• Acute respiratory
infections
• Diarrhea
• Childhood Obesity
• Rheumatic
heart disease
• Tuberculosis
• Asthma
• Low birth weight
• Smallpox
• Perinatal and
Neonatal Mortality
• Malaria
• Malnutrition

76. Older Children
And Adolescents
12 -20 years old

77. Healthy children
who become
healthy
adolescents are
more likely to
become healthy
adults.

78. Older Children and
Adolescents..
• They are who have survived the first 12
years of life and
• are not yet directly challenged by the
health problems of adulthood.
• Of all the age groups, theirs is the
healthiest, and it is one during which the
foundations can be laid for a long and
healthy life.

79. • is also a time when health-
related knowledge, skills,
attitudes and values can be
acquired.
• a long and unique period of
continuous opportunity for public
health intervention.
Older Children And
Adolescent Period..

80. Some health problems,
conditions and behaviors
are more prevalent among
older children and
adolescents than other age
groups, and may influence
their future health
(Table 6 ).

82. Worldwide, most
smokers begin before
they are 19. It
is also at about this time
that other
hazardous patterns may
be established,
such as poor nutrition,
and alcohol
and drug abuse.

83. Anaemia was identified as a
very
common nutritional problem..
• While girls lose more iron
through menstruation, boys
may need more iron per
kilogram of weight gained as
they develop relatively more
muscle during adolescence.

84. Iron Deficiency Anaemia
• can be due to lack of iron in the
diet, poor absorption of iron
from food, or significant blood
loss at delivery or because of
hookworm infection.
• This is the most common type
of anaemia.

85. • maternity;
• sexually
transmitted
diseases,
including HIV;
• other infectious
diseases such as
tuberculosis,
schistosomiasis
• and helminth
infection;
• Mental health;
• substance abuse;
• injuries and
• suicide attempts
• Eating disorder
• Obesity
• Stunting
Health Issues and Diseases in
Older Children to Adolescent

86. Health Education
• The key to promoting health in
children of school age and
adolescents is education. The best
opportunities for positively
influencing the health of this age
group are found in the school.

87. Promoting health through
schools could..
• simultaneously reduce common health
problems;
• Increase the efficiency of the
education system; and thus advance
public health, education, social and
economic development.

88. Adulthood
20 and above

89. The better the health of
the adult population..
the greater is its ability to play
this vital role, and the better
is the health of society as a
whole.

90. Leading Causes of Death
Most of these deaths are due to chronic
non-communicable diseases such as:
• circulatory diseases,
• cancers,
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
• And diabetes – for which there are well-
known risk factors.

92. The most important are:
• tobacco smoking and
• unhealthy diet.
Obesity
- is becoming one of the most important
contributors to ill-health.
Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of
developing some cancers and mental disorders,
injuries and cirrhosis of the liver.
Leading Causes of Death

93. Among communicable
diseases are:
• tuberculosis,
• HIV/AIDS, and
• Acute lower respiratory
infections
----are the leading killers.

94. Most of the estimated 1
million yearly deaths..
• due to external causes
(such as suicide or
occupational injuries)
involve adults.

95. Pregnancy-related
causes..
• kill 585 000 women a year.