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  Definitionen, Elemente, Prinzipien für die
  Gestaltung zukunftsfähiger Konsum- und
              Nutzungsformen
                                Michael Hohenwarter |www.zukunftsraum.at
                           Diese(s) Werk bzw. Inhalt von Michael Hohenwarter steht unter
                           einer Creative Commons Namensnennung 3.0 Unported Lizenz.
Besitz [ownership]

• ...consumers identify with their possessions,
  which can become a part of their extended
  self....

• ...enables freedom & responsibility towards the
  object with clear boundaries between self and
  others...
Zugang [access] & Teilen [sharing]

• ...access my differ from sharing in that access is
  not necessarily altruistic or prosocial, as sharing
  is...

• ...there is no joint ownership with access, with
  sharing there is one
Trends die „access-based
             consumption“ begünstigen

• Transaktionskosten (Kosten der Koordination &
  Kooperation) sinken
• Liquid Society – alles ist flexibel und unsicher
• Urbanisierung
• Wirtschaftskrise
• Steigende Anschaffungs- und Erhaltungskosten
  für Sachgüter und teilweise Konsumgüter
Parameter des Zugangs [Access]
• Temporality duration of access (renting a car / Zipcar) & length of
  use (hourly usage/leasing a car)
• Anonymity – towards other consumers | exclusiv (Hotel) / social
  (couch surfing)
• Market mediation – profit/not for profit | level of market mediation
  could shape the consumer/object relationships as well as the
  exchange norms that guide them (AirBNB vs. Share some sugar)
• Consumer Involvment (Level of co-creation)
• Type of accessed object experimental/functional & digital/material
• Political Consumerism – access as counterpart to ownership as a
  political statement
Vom Use- zum Sign-Value
• Use Value: Nutzung von Access-Systemen
  (carsharing) aufgrund von Kostenersparnis,
  Flexibilität udgl.

• Sign Value: Use Value wird Sign Value – durch
  die Nutzung von Access-Systemen zeigt man,
  dass man schlau ist (Kostenersparnis,
  Flexibilität)
Austauschverhältnis [reciprocity]
• generalized reciprocity ...no expectation of
  receiving anything in return... (family, high level
  of trust)

• Tit-for-tat reciprocity ...expectation of an equal
  return... (open market place)

• Negative reciprocity ...only one side benefits...
  (tragedy of the commons)
Reality Check
• ...consumers escape to market-mediated access
  to avoid the possibility of opportunism and social
  obligations...
  benefits of the market trump the realiance on
  community...

• ...while access has gained popularity, ownership
  remains the ideal normative mode of
  consumption in contemporary American
  society...
Voraussetzung für
 gemeinschaftliche Servicesysteme

• Vertrauen in die Commons [trust in commons]
• Kritische Masse (social proof)
• Ausreichend „Leerlauf“ bei den gemeinschaftlich
  genutzten Gütern [idle]
• Vertrauen zwischen Fremden [trust]
How to design collaborativ service
                            systems

• Nutzungs- und Eintrittsbarrieren entfernen
  [fluidity of use]
• Unterschiedliche Zugangsmöglichkeiten
  schaffen [diversified access]
• Kopierbarkeit des Systems [replication]
• Ausgefeilte Kommunikationssysteme [enhanced
  communication support]
Literatur & Grafik
• R. Botsman and R. Rogers | What`s mine ist
  Yours | 2010
• F. Bardhi & G. Eckhardt | Access-Based
  Consumption: The Case of Car Sharing, 2012
• P2P foundation | Synthetic Overview of the
  Collaborative Economy, 2012

         (CC) by Flickr-User „SHAREconference“
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Ownership | Access | Sharing

  • 1. Besitz | Zugang | Teilen [ownership] | [access] | [sharing] Definitionen, Elemente, Prinzipien für die Gestaltung zukunftsfähiger Konsum- und Nutzungsformen Michael Hohenwarter |www.zukunftsraum.at Diese(s) Werk bzw. Inhalt von Michael Hohenwarter steht unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung 3.0 Unported Lizenz.
  • 2. Besitz [ownership] • ...consumers identify with their possessions, which can become a part of their extended self.... • ...enables freedom & responsibility towards the object with clear boundaries between self and others...
  • 3. Zugang [access] & Teilen [sharing] • ...access my differ from sharing in that access is not necessarily altruistic or prosocial, as sharing is... • ...there is no joint ownership with access, with sharing there is one
  • 4. Trends die „access-based consumption“ begünstigen • Transaktionskosten (Kosten der Koordination & Kooperation) sinken • Liquid Society – alles ist flexibel und unsicher • Urbanisierung • Wirtschaftskrise • Steigende Anschaffungs- und Erhaltungskosten für Sachgüter und teilweise Konsumgüter
  • 5. Parameter des Zugangs [Access] • Temporality duration of access (renting a car / Zipcar) & length of use (hourly usage/leasing a car) • Anonymity – towards other consumers | exclusiv (Hotel) / social (couch surfing) • Market mediation – profit/not for profit | level of market mediation could shape the consumer/object relationships as well as the exchange norms that guide them (AirBNB vs. Share some sugar) • Consumer Involvment (Level of co-creation) • Type of accessed object experimental/functional & digital/material • Political Consumerism – access as counterpart to ownership as a political statement
  • 6. Vom Use- zum Sign-Value • Use Value: Nutzung von Access-Systemen (carsharing) aufgrund von Kostenersparnis, Flexibilität udgl. • Sign Value: Use Value wird Sign Value – durch die Nutzung von Access-Systemen zeigt man, dass man schlau ist (Kostenersparnis, Flexibilität)
  • 7. Austauschverhältnis [reciprocity] • generalized reciprocity ...no expectation of receiving anything in return... (family, high level of trust) • Tit-for-tat reciprocity ...expectation of an equal return... (open market place) • Negative reciprocity ...only one side benefits... (tragedy of the commons)
  • 8. Reality Check • ...consumers escape to market-mediated access to avoid the possibility of opportunism and social obligations... benefits of the market trump the realiance on community... • ...while access has gained popularity, ownership remains the ideal normative mode of consumption in contemporary American society...
  • 9. Voraussetzung für gemeinschaftliche Servicesysteme • Vertrauen in die Commons [trust in commons] • Kritische Masse (social proof) • Ausreichend „Leerlauf“ bei den gemeinschaftlich genutzten Gütern [idle] • Vertrauen zwischen Fremden [trust]
  • 10. How to design collaborativ service systems • Nutzungs- und Eintrittsbarrieren entfernen [fluidity of use] • Unterschiedliche Zugangsmöglichkeiten schaffen [diversified access] • Kopierbarkeit des Systems [replication] • Ausgefeilte Kommunikationssysteme [enhanced communication support]
  • 11. Literatur & Grafik • R. Botsman and R. Rogers | What`s mine ist Yours | 2010 • F. Bardhi & G. Eckhardt | Access-Based Consumption: The Case of Car Sharing, 2012 • P2P foundation | Synthetic Overview of the Collaborative Economy, 2012 (CC) by Flickr-User „SHAREconference“