Disorders of the brain following damage to hippocampus.

1. HIPPOCAMPUS
ZUJAMO A LOTHA
16MZ0021

2. CONTROL CENTERS IN BRAIN.
1)Frontal lobe: Personality, behavior, emotions
Judgment, planning, problem solving
2)Parietal lobe: Interprets language, words
Sense of touch, pain, temperature (sensory strip)
3)Medial Temporal lobe : HIPPOCAMPUS.
4)Occipital lobe: Interprets vision (color, light, movement)
5)Limbic lobe: emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term
memory, and olfaction

4. HIPPOCAMPUS
Greek.
“Hippo” for Horse
“Kampos” for sea.
Venetian Anatomist Julies Caesar Aranzi 1587
Silk worm
A parisian surgeon Rene Jacques ”Cornu
Ammonis ”Horn of Amun an ancient Egyptian
God.

7. Evolution

8. In Birds:
It is very significant in Birds(Medial pallium)
that sometimes it is called as “Avian
hippocampus”
Birds that catches prey has a larger
Hippocampus the non catching birds. if there
hippocampus is damaged then there
efficiency reduces.

9. In fishes:
Brain structure is different from that of
vertebrates hippocampus and medial pallium
birds it is not the medial Pallium.In fishes the
lateral pallium is the center for
memory,damaged to which can cause in
cognition. That is they forget the area where
they live.

10. In Mammals:
Two halves on the right and left side of the brain
temporal medial lobe(Platypus-primates)
Size : of 3-3.5 cm in human, it can vary in species
but shape is almost similar.
Hippocampus is larger in female which explains
why woman can remember more then man.

11. Physiology
Hippocampus contains a high proportion of
receptors for the stress hormone
glucocorticoids, which means the hippo
campus is more prone to stress
Steroids can also reduce the excitability of some
neurons in formation of memory.

12. Formation of memories
Location for short term memory it serves as a “
Gateway.”
Temporary info are stored before it matures and
passed on to the permanent storage.
Neurons are present inside the hippocampus which
may be responsible for memory retention.
Research on Epileptic patients.
Research on monkeys.

13. Damage to hippocampus
1)Carbon monoxide poisoning.
2)Stroke.
3)Near Drowning/Near suffocation.
4)Epilepsy.
5)Hypoxia.

14. Results of damage to Hippocampus.
Anterograde amnesia: Selective memory
deficit,Short term memory loss,Before the
injury is remembered but not after.New skills
can be inculcated by therapy.

15. Alzheimer diseases:
There may be disorientation (e.g. getting lost in
familiar surroundings), problems with routine
tasks (like using a microwave), and changes in
personality and judgment.

16. CONCLUSION
There is more research going on to find the
exact role of hippocampus in memory
formation and the consequences of its
damage.

17. Reference
Squire Larry R, Schacter Daniel L, Neuropsychology of
memory, The Guilford Press New york London p519
Edited.
• Hippocampus-Functions http://www.news-
medical.net/health/Hippocampus-Functions.aspx
• episodic-memory-
http://www.iflscience.com/brain/episodic-memory-
formation-hippocampus/
• Anterograde
amnesiahttp://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/
anterogradeamnesia.html.
• https://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE-AnatBrain.html

18. • Sciencedailyhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releas
es/2004/05/040513010413.html
• hippocampus
http://www.healthline.com/human-body-
maps/hippocampus.
• Anatbrain https://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE-
AnatBrain.html
• gasattackhttp://www.memorylossonline.com/gas
attack.html