Cuarto y quinto

JORGE DIAZ ENGLISH TEACHER
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USE OF: CAN
Can is a modal verb. It is used to express ability or to say that something is possible. It is the same
for all subjects. We don't add an 'S' in the third person (like other verbs).
Use can, when you ask someone to do things. Use 'can' to talk about 'possibility'.Allways use can with
another verb.
I can = I know to do something. / I know that something is possible for me.
I can write a letter.
A) AFFIRMATIVE FORM: SUBJECT + CAN + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
 I can speak Spanish. (= it is possible for me to speak Spanish = I have the ability to speak
Spanish)
 He can swim well.
 We can see my neighbour in the garden.
 They can play the guitar.
 My nephew can fly a plane.
 You can understand French and German.
 You and I can make a delicious cake at home.
B) NEGATIVE FORM: SUBJECT + CAN + NOT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
To form the negative we add "not" after can to form one word: cannot. We can also contract the
negative to form can't. (Can’t = cannot)
 I cannot play the piano.
 We can't go to the cinema tonight.
 She cannot speak French very well.
 He can't drive a car.
POSITIVE STATEMENT NEGATIVE STATEMENT
I can speak English I can't speak English
He can run very vest You can't run very fast
He can sit in the garden He can't sit in the garden
She can come with us She can't come with us
It can jump to the other side It can't jump to the other side
We can make delicious cakes We can't make delicious cakes
You can pass the exam You can't pass the exam
They can draw pictures They can't draw pictures

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C) QUESTIONS FORM: CAN + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT?
To from the question we change the position of the subject and the auxiliary verb. The main verb is
still in the infinitive without to.
 Can the students buy an ice-cream?
 Can I go to the party, please?
 Can you speak Japanese?
 Can Doris do the homework on Saturday?
Remember that you can use short answers:
 Can I sit here please? Yes, you can. Can you drive? Yes, I can.
 Can you speak Chinese? No, I can't. Can you cook? No, I can’t
QUESTIONS SHORT FORM
POSITIVE
SHORT FORM
NEGATIVE
Can I write a letter?
Can you write a letter?
Can he / she / it write a letter?
Can we write a letter?
Can you write a letter?
Can they write a letter?
Yes, you can.
Yes, I can.
Yes, he / she can.
Yes, you can.
Yes we can.
Yes they can.
No, you can't.
No, I can't.
No, he / she can't.
No, you can't.
No, we can't.
No, they can't.
Can is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use can to:
 talk about possibility and ability
 make requests
 ask for or give permission
1. CAN: POSSIBILITY AND ABILITY: La habilidad o capacidad de personas / cosas
We use can to talk about what is possible, what we are able or free to do:
 She can drive a car.
 John can speak Spanish.
 I can hear you.
 You Can play rock music.
 She can speak several languages.
 He can swim like a fish.
 They can dance very well.
 Sarven can ride a bike.
 He can speak Japanese.
 I can play table tennis.
 We can cook.
 Paul and Ingrid can ski on the mountain.

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No obstante, tambien se pueden realizar preguntas específicas utilizando las palabras "Wh-" vistas
anteriormente.
- Where can I go in Texas? (¿A dónde puedo ir en Texas?)
You can go to the Plaza Mall. (Puedes ir a la Plaza Mall.)
- What can I do there? (¿Qué puedo hacer ahí?)
You can hang out with your friends. (Puedes pasar el rato con tus amigos.)
- What else can I do there? (¿Qué más puedo hacer ahí?)
You can meet interesting people. (Puedes conocer gente interesante.)
- When can I go there? (¿Cuándo puedo ir ahí?)
You can go there every day. (Puedes ir ahí todos los días.)
- What things can I buy there? (¿Qué cosas puedo comprar ahí?)
You can buy jewelry and clothes. (Puedes comprar joyería y ropa)
- Where can I buy some apples? ¿Donde puedo comprar unas manzanas?
- When can you come to visit me? ¿Cuando puedes venir a visitarme?
2. CAN: REQUESTS AND ORDERS
We often use can in a question to ask somebody to do something. This is not a real question - we
do not really want to know if the person is able to do something, we want them to do it! The use
of can in this way is informal (mainly between friends and family):
Examples:
 Can you make a cup of coffee, please?
 Can you put the TV on?
 Can you come here a minute?
 Can you be quiet?
 Can you turn off the light?
 Can you help me?
 Can you tell me the way to the
museum?
 Can you come here a minute please?

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3. CAN: PERMISSION
We sometimes use “can” to ask or give permission for something:
A. Can I smoke in this room? You can't smoke here, but you can smoke in the garden.
B. We can go out whenever we want.
C. Students can travel free.
D. Can I ask a question, please?
E. Can we go home now?
F. Can I use your cell phone?
G. Can I take a day off?
H. Can I go out?
(Note: The use of can for permission is informal)
GENERAL EXAMPLES:
 I can ride a horse. (ability)
 We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. (opportunity)
 She cannot stay out after 10 PM. (permission)
 Can you hand me the English books? (request)
 Any child can grow up to be president. (possibility)
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Positive:
1. Catherine and Ann _____________________________ 4 songs. (to sing)
2. Jake __________________________________ a book. (to read)
3. Amy ___________________________________ her friend. (to meet)
4. Our family _______________________________ England. (to visit)
Negative:
1. John _____________________________________________ a bike. (to ride)
2. I ________________________________________________ this tree. (to climb)
3. They _____________________________________________ 10 pounds. (to change)
4. Our class _________________________________________ everything. (to understand)

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. COMPLETE WITH: CAN O CAN'T.
1. Where __________ I see a good rock concert?
2. Can Lisa speak French? No, she ____________.
3. What _____________ you do?
4. Can Lucy drive? Yes, she ____________ .
5. Where ___________ I buy a new camera?
6. ______________ you read in Portuguese? Yes, I can.
7. Can I invite my friends? Yes, they ___________ come.
8. __________ you help me, please?
9. ___________ you play the piano?
10. I __________ find my keys. Where are they?
II. CHOOSE AND CIRCLE THE RIGHT ANSWER.
1. Can you drive?
Yes, I do. Yes, I can.
2. Can I go now?
Yes, you can. Yes, you are.
3. Can this computer do my homework?
No, you can't. No, it can't.
4. Can I help you?
Yes, please Yes, I can.
5. Can you help me?
Yes, you are. Yes, I can.
6. Can I go to the toilette?
No, you can't. Yes, I can.
7. Can Sheila stay at home?
Yes, she does. Yes, she can.
8. Can I go to the cinema?
No, you can't. No, you don't.

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III. LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.
1) Can he swim?
_______________________________
2) Can he play soccer?
________________________________
3) Can she draw? 4) Can he walk?
_________________________________ _____________________________
5) Can he drive a bus? 6) Can he see?
_____________________________ _______________________________

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7) Can she sing? 8) Can they cook?
__________________________ ____________________________
IV. MAKE STATEMENTS WITH: CAN – CAN’T.
The bird _______________________________
Donna ______________________________ tennis
Peter ____________________________________
My brother _______________________________
The children _______________________________

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Max __________________________________________
John _______________________________________
Alex ________________________________________
I ______________________________________ in the park
Greg ______________________________ football
Robert _____________________________________

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You ______________________________________
My cousin ____________________________________
V. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW WITH CAN or CAN’T.
1. Can you speak Spanish and English? ____________________________________________
2. Can your sister play the guitar? _________________________________________________
3. Can your father drive a car? ___________________________________________________
4. Can buy a bottle of wine at a supermarket? _______________________________________
5. Can a baby swim in the pool? __________________________________________________
6. Can the children wear masquarades for Halloween? _________________________________
7. Can your mother cook a cake? __________________________________________________
8. Can the students answer all the exam? ___________________________________________
9. Can the teacher speak seven languages? __________________________________________
10. Can that woman jump? _______________________________________________________
11. Can your camera take photos at night? ___________________________________________
12. Can an elephant swim from Africa to Europe? _____________________________________
13. Can I make for dinner? _______________________________________________________
14. Can you fly an airplane? ______________________________________________________
15. Can you drive a truck? _______________________________________________________
16. Can you play the trumpet? ____________________________________________________

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MODAL VERBS: CAN / CAN’T (REVIEW)
1. We use ‘can’ to talk about ‘possibility’. POSIBILIDAD
 Can you do that?
 I can’t manage to do that.
 You can leave your car in that parking
space.
 You cannot smoke in here.
* Notice that there are two negative forms: ‘can’t’ and ‘cannot’. These mean exactly the same
thing. When we are speaking, we usually say ‘can’t’.
2. We use ‘can’ to talk about ‘ability’. PARA HABLAR DE UNA HABILIDAD
 I can speak French.  I can’t drive.
3. We use ‘can’ to ask for and give permission. (We also use ‘may’ for this but is more formal and
much less common.) PARA PEDIR Y DAR PERMISO
 Can I speak to you or are you too busy?
 You can use my phone.
 You can’t come in.
4. We use ‘can’ in offers, requests and instructions. OFRECIMIENTOS, PETICIONES E
INSTRUCCIONES.
 Can I help?
 Can you give me a hand?
 When you finish that, you can take out the garbage.
We use ‘can’ with ‘see’ ‘hear’ ‘feel’ ‘smell’ ‘taste’ to talk about something which is happening now.
(Where you would use the present continuous with most other verbs.)
 I can smell something burning.
 Can you hear that noise?
 I can’t see anything.
5. We can use ‘can’t’ for deduction. DEDUCCIÓN
 You can’t be hungry. You’ve just eaten.
No puedes tener hambre. Acabas de comer.
 He was in London one hour ago when I spoke to him. He can’t be here yet.
Estaba en Lóndres hace una hora cuando hablé con él. No puede estar ya aquí.

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DIALOGS:
Here you have some examples of the use of CAN / CAN’T in dialogues:
a) Can you play the piano?
Yes, a little. How about you?
No I can’t, but I can play the guitar.
b) Can you cook?
Not really. I can make toast and pasta, that’s all.
Everyone can make toast!
Well, can you cook?
Yes, I can. I can cook delicious fish and chicken.
Wow, that’s great.
c) So what can you do?
I can draw, and I can paint really well too. I can also speak English and Korean.
How about you?
I can play chess and I can write computer programs.
I can also speak English and Spanish.
Excellent!
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
I. ADD CAN OR CAN'T TO THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
Example: You can speak English.
1. Monkeys __________ talk.
2. Pigs _____________fly.
3. I __________ play the piano., but Cory can't.
4. You ________ go on vacation. It's too expensive.
5. ________I borrow some money?
6. I don't know the answer. _________ you tell me?
7. Tony ________come tonight, he's too busy.
8. Jim makes great food. He ___________ cook really well.
9. Excuse me, we _________see the movie.
10. It's too noisy. We ______study well.

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CAN OR CAN’T
I CAN SKI ON THE ICE I CAN RUN VERY FAST

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LIKES AND DISLIKES
1) We use the present simple tense to talk about things we like, and people we like.
Example: I like pizza. Anna likes Amy’s Winehouse.
2) We use the present simple tense to talk about activities we enjoy doing.
Example: I like swimming. Ali enjoys skateboarding. (He enjoys
skateboarding)
3) We use the present simple tense to talk about people and things we don't like.
Example: I don't like fast food. I don't like rude people.
THE VERBS “LIKE AND DISLIKE" CAN BE FOLLOWED BY A NOUN.
SUBJECT + LIKE / DISLIKE + NOUN
EXAMPLE:
I like apples I like strawberries
SUBJECT LIKE NOUN
I
you
we
they
like
dislike
soccer
the beach
Mexican food
orange juice
he
she
it
likes
dislikes
music
chinese
food
milk

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THEY ALSO CAN BE FOLLOWED BY ANOTHER VERB.
SUBJECT + LIKE + VERB (ING) + COMPLEMENT
I like swimming
I like dancing
I like Reading
I like singing
Para expresar que algo nos gusta, se utilizan las siguientes frases:
I love... Me encanta (n)...
I like... Me gusta(n)...
I'm interested in... Me interesa(n)...
I'm fond of... Me gusta(n)...
Para expresar que algo no nos gusta, se utilizan las siguientes frases:
En ambos casos, las expresiones son seguidas de un sustantivo o de un verbo en -ing (forma del
gerundio).
I like dancing.
Me gusta bailar.
I love learning English.
Me encanta aprender inglés.
I'm fond of cooking.
Me gusta cocinar.
I don't like playing video-games.
No me gusta jugar a los videojuegos.
I hate writing letters.
Odio escribir cartas.
I'm not interested in cinema.
No me interesa el cine.
I hate... Odio...
I dislike... No me gusta(n)
I don't like... No me gusta(n)
I'm not interested in... No me interesa(n)...
...reading leer
...computers las computadoras
...travelling viajar

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*If you don't like something
 ‘She doesn't like cooking very much.’
 ‘He's not very fond of doing the gardening.’
 ‘I dislike wasting time.’
The table below shows how to form simple
sentences to express likes and dislikes, using the
present simple tense.
POSITIVE SENTENCES
I
You
Amina
Johnny
The cat
We
They
like
like
likes
likes
likes
like
like
Chocolate.
Watching football.
TV soaps.
Rock music.
Fish.
Staying in.
Chinese food.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
I
You
She
He
It
We
They
don't
don't
doesn't
doesn't
doesn't
don't
don't
like
like
like
like
like
like
like
Curry.
Dancing.
Sport.
Jazz.
Dogs.
Going out.
English food.
* IF YOU LIKE SOMETHING
 I like him (her) very much.
 I like going to parties and meeting
people.
 I love eating ice-cream.
 I adore sun-bathing.
 She's fond of chocolate.
 I like climbing mountains.
 I don’t like people phoning (calling) me in
the middle of the night.
 I like swimming very much.
 He likes going to the cinema.
 I like cooking.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND COMPLETE THESENTENCES WITH THE WORDS IN PARENTHESIS.
1.- I …………………………………………………………… (Dancing, like, on weekends)
2. - The cheff doesn´t ……………………………………….…. (Cooking, American food, like)
3.- Peter …………………………………………………………...…. (Getting up, likes, late)
4.- He ……………………………………………………………. (His house, painting, dislikes)
5.- Simon …………………………………………………..……. (The guitar, playing, likes)
6.- I ……………………………………………………………….. (Fixing, dislike, my car)
7.- Frank …………………………………………………...… (Light cigarettes, likes, smoking)
8.- Charles …………………………………………………...……… (Calling, likes, his friends)
9.- My mother ………………………………….. (Dislikes, the dishes at night, washing)
10.- He …………………………………………….…… (Likes, swimming, in the Ocean)

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HAVE TO (OBLIGATION)
Se usa preferentemente para hablar acerca de una obligación impuesta desde afuera, externa a
nosotros. Usamos have to para obligaciones, por ejemplo normas y leyes.
SUBJECT + (AUX) HAVE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT
EXAMPLES:
 In France, you have to drive on the right.
 In England, most school children have to
wear a uniform.
 John has to wear a tie at work.
 We have to know daily what the prices are.
 Every day Robinson has to fax his opinion on
the politics.
 Children have to go to school.
 You have to stay here
 She has to go back home.
II.- NEGATIVE FORM:
SUBJECT + DO / DOES + NOT + HAVE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT
I don´t have to work over time all the night
you don´t have to learn English
he/she/it doesn´t have to study for the monthly exam
We don´t have to stay at home all the weekend
they don´t have to be in the chemistry class
MODAL VERB EXAMPLES
I
you
we
they
don't have to
work
do
clean
eat
work
Go
be
I don't have to work on Saturday.
You don't have to do that.
We don't have to clean the car.
They don't have to eat pizza.
he
she
it
doesn't have to
He doesn't have to work tomorrow.
She doesn't have to go today.
It doesn't have to be that way.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. - WRITE THE NEGATIVE FORM.
1. He has to work in a bank...........................................................................................................
2. I have to work on Saturdays.......................................................................................................
3. They have to study a lot............................................................................................................
4. I have to feed the cat………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..
5. He has to drunk a beer..............................................................................................................
6. They have to buy a car…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. We have to clean a big house....................................................................................................
8. You have to come soon.............................................................................................................
9. We have a coffee......................................................................................................................
10. He has to live in Seville.............................................................................................................
11. She has to go to Paris...............................................................................................................
12. They have to see the match......................................................................................................
13. He has to listen to music...........................................................................................................
14. I have to go home early. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
15.- You and I have to study for the math exam. ……………………………………………………………….…………
16.- Those men have to work all the night. ………………………………………………………………………………….
17.- My parents have to travel to Europe next week. ………………………………………………………….………..
18.- Daniel has to rest more often ………………………………………………………………………………………………
19.- The teacher has to explain the class again. ………………………………………………………………..…………
20.- We have to study for the next exam. …………………………………………………………………………….………
I HAVE TO STUDY FOR
MY ENGLISH EXAM

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II.- MAKE SENTENCES IN NEGATIVE FORM.
1.- …………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………….
2.- …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
3.- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….…
4.- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….…
5.- …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….……
6.- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….
7.- …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….
8.- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9.- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10.- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
III.- INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Para preguntas se usa el verbo auxiliar do or Does +sujeto + have to + verbo infinitive.
AUX. (DO/DOES) + SUBJECT + HAVE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT?
Do you have to travel around the world?
Does he/she/it have to clean the room?
Do we have to run in the beach?
Do they have to answer all the exam?
EXAMPLES:
Do you have to work everyday? (¿Tienes que trabajar todos los dias?)
Does he have to Work everyday? (¿Tiene que trabajar todos los dias?)
EXAMPLES:
I have to work everyday. (Tengo que trabajar todos los dias)
I don´t have to work everyday. (No tengo que trabajar todos los dias)
Do you have to work everyday? (¿Tienes que trabajar todos los dias?)
Does she have many friends? Yes she has many friends

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. MAKE QUESTION.
1. ___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________________________________________
10. __________________________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH "HAVE" OR "HAS"
1. I………………… buy a new bicycle.
2. You………………. Paint the old house.
3. Anna………………. Sell a big bag.
4. Silvia……………….. read an old book.
5. My mother…………… wear an old umbrella.
6. My friends……………. Use a new ball.
7. Susan…………………. Wear a pretty dress.
8. David………………… lend a good book.
9. Saul………………… cut his long hair.
10. Saida………………. Buy shorts.
11. The nurses……………….. wait long time.
12. The men…………………… fix big houses.
13. They…………………… drive an old car
14. He…………………. Clean the green car.
15. She………………. Sell the red car.
16. It…………… wear long ears.
17. My dog………………… run in the garden.
18. My cats……………………. Sleep on the floor.
19. We………………… see a lot of friends.
20. It…………………… eat a lot of food.

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II. COMPLETE: HAVE TO / HAS TO.
1. Today I ………………………….. finish my Geography project.
2. She …………………………… wait in line like everyone else.
3. All employees ………………………. be on time for work.
4. We ………………………….. forget to take the chicken out of the freezer.
5. If you are under 13 you ………………………….. get your parents' permission.
6. Your daughter ………………………….. try on a few different sizes.
7. The doctor ………………………………. get here as soon as he can.
8. Do you ………………………………….. work next weekend?
9. Bicyclists ……………………………….. remember to signal when they turn.
10.Angela, you ………………………… leave your clothes all over the floor like this.

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OBJECT PRONOUNS & SUBJECT PRONOUNS
Pronombres objetivos.- Cada persona de los pronombres personales indicados con anterioridad
tiene su propio pronombre objetivo, este es el que usamos cuando la persona de la que se habla
se usa como el objeto en una oración, de esta forma utilizaríamos:
Me (a mi)
Him (a él)
Her (a ella)
It (a ello)
Us (a nosotros)
You (a ti, a usted, a ustedes)
Them (a ellos
Es importante mencionar que el significado de estos pronombres en español está sujeto a cada
oración en particular. En Ingles este tipo de pronombres van después del verbo en la oración para
complementarlo o siguen a una preposición y la complementan.
Ejemplos:
Look at me (Mírame a mi)
I love her (Yo la amo a ella)
Teach us a lesson (Ensénanos una lección)
Use it well (Úsalo bien)
Eat it (Cómetelo)
Come with me (Ven conmigo)
En ocasiones los verbos son seguidos por un objeto indirecto u objeto directo, en ese caso se
pueden formar de dos formas las oraciones.
SUBJECT + VERBO + OBJETO INDIRECTO + OBJ. DIRECTO
I buy her a soda every day. (Le compro (a ella) una soda cada día).
SUBJECT + VERBO + OBJETO DIRECTO + OBJETO INDIRECTO
I buy a soda to her every day. (Le compro una soda (a ella) cada día.

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A pronoun is the word that takes the place of the noun. The subject pronouns are the pronouns
that are the subject of a sentence (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
EXAMPLES:
1) Mary has a car ------> She has a car
2) Peter and I are happy -----> We are happy
THE 'OBJECT PRONOUNS' or complement pronouns are the pronouns used as a complement of
the verb or after a preposition (me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
EXAMPLES:
1) Peter buys flowers for Lorena -----> Peter buys flowers for her
2) I like those shoes -----> I like them
Después de un verbo I call her every day. Le llamo (a ella) todos los días.
Después de una preposición The present is for her. El regalo es para ella.
Don't confuse them with the possessive adjectives. The possessive adjectives are adjectives, so
they come before a noun. The pronoun substitutes the noun, so they come alone.
EXAMPLES:
1) Possessive adjective: Tom and Bob live with their parents.
2) Object pronoun: Tom and Bob live with them.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. WHICH BJECT FORM OF THE PERSONAL PRONOUN CAN SUBSTITUTE THE UNDERLINED
PHRASE IN THE SENTENCE?
1) The teacher always gives the students homework.
a)me b) them c) you
2) I am reading the book to my little sister.
a) her b) us c) him
3) The boys are riding their bikes.
a) it b) them c) her
4) My father is writing a letter to John.
a) me b) her c) him
5) I don't know the answer.
a) she b) her c) it
6) Sally is going with Anne.
a) her b) him c) me
7) Open the window, please.
a) it b) them c) us
8) Can you tell the people the way to the airport, please?
a) you b) them c) us
9) The books are for Peter.
a) him b) her c) you
10) Can you help my sister and me, please?
a) her b) me c) us
11) I can't see Mary. I can't see ________
a) him b) she c) her

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12) Karen is next to Peter. Karen is next to ________
a) he b) him c) he
13) Can you help Peter and Ann? Can you help ________?
a) they b) you c) them
14) Drink your apple juice! Drink ________!
a) it b) its c) your
15) We are going to the cinema. Come with ________!
a) we b) them c) us
16) These are my bananas. You can't eat ________
a) they b) them c) it
17) Carol is at school. She can't come with ________
a) we b) us c) they
18) The cat is under the chair. Can you see __________?
a) he b) she c) it
19) Dave can't swim. Help ________!
a) him b) her c) he
20) It's Kate's birthday today. This is a present for ________
a) she b) her c) it
21) Where are you? I can't see ________
a) your b) you c) us
22) The windows are opened. Close ________
a) it b) they c) them
23) I can't ride a horse. Help ________!
a) I b) me c) it

Pág 26
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Pronombres reflexivos.- Se utilizan para hacer énfasis en el sentido de una frase y realzar al sujeto
de la oración indicando que realiza una acción por "si mismo"
oneself (se, a sí mismo, uno mismo "impersonal")
myself (me, a mí mismo, yo mismo)
himself (se, a sí mismo, a él mismo)
herself (se, a sí misma, a ella misma)
itself (se, a sí mismo, a ello mismo)
ourselves (nos, a nosotros mismos)
yourself (te, tú mismo, a ti mismo, a usted mismo)
yourselves (os, a vosotros mismos, a ustedes mismos)
themselves (se, a sí mismos, a ellos mismos)
Ejemplos:
She hurt herself (Se hizo daño a ella misma)
I made it by myself (Lo hice por mi mismo)
The man shaves himself (El hombre se afeita a si mismo)
We took the picture ourselves (Tomamos la foto nosotros mismos)
They did it themselves (Lo hicieron ellos mismos)
Love is pretty by itself (el amor es bonito por si mismo)
We made it ouserlves (Lo hicimos nosotros mismos)
Hay en estos ejemplos algunas oraciones que están en pasado y por tanto el verbo debe estar en
este tiempo (como lo indican los ejemplos anteriores en forma cursiva).

Pág 27
I.- ESCRIBA LA ORACIÓN CAMBIANDO EL OBJETO DE LA ORACIÓN(LA PALABRA ESCRITA EN
CURSIVA) A UN PRONOMBREOBJETO.
1. I write letters to Mario. _________________________________________________________________________
2. I have a birthday present for the children. __________________________________________________________
3. Call Rita and me tomorrow. _____________________________________________________________________
4. I send my parents a letter every week. _____________________________________________________________
5. He drives the car. ______________________________________________________________________________
6. I talk to Maria. ________________________________________________________________________________
7. I visit Mr. and Mrs. Anderson. ____________________________________________________________________
8. I have the books. ______________________________________________________________________________
9. I visit Barbara. ________________________________________________________________________________
10. I call Carlos. _________________________________________________________________________________
FILL IN THESE SENTENCES WITH MYSELF, YOURSELF, HERSELF, HIMSELF, ITSELF, OURSELVES,
YOURSELVES OR THEMSELVES.
1. Every morning I wash _______________ and clean my teeth.
2. Jane is a baby, she is too small to eat by __________________ .
3. Peter is very lazy. He always copies his friend´s homework and never does it by _____________.
4. The children can decorate the Christmas tree by ______________________.
5. Julie is always looking at ______________________ in the mirror.
6. If you can´t do this exercise by _______________________ , ask the teacher for help.
7. The cat cleans __________________________ with its tongue.
8. Don´t help us, Dad! I and Jim can paint the car all by ________________________ .
9. You are five years old, Danny. You have to comb your hair by _____________________ now.
10. Hi, Martin! Hi, Rebeca! Please, come in and make ____________________ at home.
11. The cat nearly killed ___________________ when it ran across the road.
12. I enjoyed ____________________ at the party.
13. He always looks at ___________________ in the mirror.
14. We helped _____________________ to the coffee.
15. The woman accidentally hurt _____________________ with the knife.
16. The children enjoyed _____________________ at the beach.
17. The two of you shouldn't do that. You'll hurt ________________________ .
18. He paid for ___________________ .
19. Some people only think about _____________________ .
20. She didn't tell him. I told him ______________________ .

Pág 28
PARTS OF THE BODY
1.- arm:________________
2.- eye:________________
3.- eyebrow:____________
4.- leg:________________
5.- elbow:______________
6.- finger;_______________
7.- foot / feet):___________
8.- ankle:_______________
9.- bottom:______________
10.- hair:_______________
11.- neck:_____________
12.- hand:_____________
13.- wrist:_____________
14.- chin:______________
15.- knee:_____________
16.- head:_____________
17.- lip:_______________
18.- mouth:____________
19.- nose:_____________
20.- ear:_______________
21.- back:______________
22.- shoulder:___________
23.- forehead:___________
24.- waist:______________
25.- chest:_____________
26.- eyelash:____________
27.- tooth / teeth:_________
28.- toe:________________
29.- tongue:_____________
30.- Heel:______________
31.- Stomach:___________
32.- Cheek:_____________
33.- Face: ______________

Pág 29

Pág 30
III. - CAN YOU NAME THE PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY?

Pág 31
WANT TO + INFINITIVE
El inglés tiene dos tipos de sustantivos verbales, el infinitivo (con o sin "to") y el gerundio (la
terminación -ing). La mayoría de los verbos que toman un sustantivo verbal pueden estar seguidos
de uno u otro (un gerundio o un infinitivo, pero no ambos). Sin embargo, existen determinados
verbos a los que puede seguirle indistintamente un gerundio o un infinitivo.
We often use: WANT TO… for an action that follows the first verb.
I want to go home as soon as possible.
We all want to have more English classes.
He wants all his friends to come to his party.
I.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
SUBJECT + WANT TO + VERB (infinitive) + COMPLEMENT
1. I want to dance with you tonight.
2. The students want to bring their school things.
3. You want to buy a new house next week.
4. You and I want to stay at home next weekend.
5. Mary wants to get marry next month.
6. My older brother wants to travel abroad tomorrow
7. I want to go out later.
II.- NEGATIVE FORM
SUBJECT + DO / DOESN’T + NOT + WANT TO + VERB (infinitive) + COMPLEMENT
1. One of my friends doesn’t want to come with us tonight.
2. He doesn’t want to konw anything.
3. He doesn’t anybody to know.
4. You and I don’t want to live together.
5. Those men don’t want to work in the factory.
6. The teacher doesn’t want to teach us.
7. I don’t want to live without you.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. - MAKE SENTENCES IN AFFIRMATIVE FORM.
1- You / study / economics:
_________________________________________________________________________________
2- I / clean / the house:
__________________________________________________________________________________
3- Mary / sleep:
__________________________________________________________________________________
4- We / drive / the car:
__________________________________________________________________________________
5- Betty / get up:
__________________________________________________________________________________
6- Daniel / spend / his money.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7- I / have / breakfast / at 8 o´clock.
________________________________________________________________________________
8- You / tell / us the true
________________________________________________________________________________
9- They / travel / by plane.
________________________________________________________________________________
10-I / grow / potatoes.
________________________________________________________________________________
11. - the boys / get up / late tomorrow.
________________________________________________________________________________
12. You and I / stay / home next Sunday.
________________________________________________________________________________
13. The teacher / explain / the grammar class tomorrow.
________________________________________________________________________________
14. My parents / travel / abroad next week.
_________________________________________________________________________________

Pág 33
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I.- MAKE SENTENCES IN NEGATIVE FORM.
1- Tom and I practice our English at school.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………
2- Jerry works for a book store this year.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………...
3- The Millers watch the games very often.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- The secretary finishes late her work.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
5- Mary and Alice talk and laugh a lot.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………..………
6- My watch stops at any time.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
7- Carol helps her mother at home.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
8- Betty washes the dishes after dinner.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
9- The students ask questions in class.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….
10- Martha introduces her friends to me.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….
11- Helen calls me after class.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….
12- The grocery stores open very early in the morning.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
13- Mr. and Mrs. Scott travel abroad every year.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Pág 34
MODAL: WOULD LIKE TO
1.- El verbo modal "would" se utiliza acompañado del infinitivo "like to" para expresar
ofrecimientos e invitaciones y significa: GUSTARIA.
I WOULD LIKE TO = I’D LIKE TO
Would like (loving to do something)
Examples:
I would like to go for a walk. (I love going for a walk)
Sue would like to make a pizza now. (She loves making a pizza)
1.-También se utiliza para manifestar deseos o realizar peticiones de una manera cortés:
I. - AFFIRMATIVE FORM
SUBJECT + WOULD LIKE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT
EXAMPLES:
 I would like to live in Australia.
 You would like to be an Engineer.
 Daniel would like to help you.
 Betty would like to get marry with him.
 You and I would like to spend vacations in Aruba.
 My parents would like to buy a new car.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I.- MAKE SENTENCES IN AFIRMATIVE FORM: “WOULD LIKE”.
1. I / help / you.
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. She / arrive / tomorrow.
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The boys / fly / by plane.
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. We / buy / a new car.
________________________________________________________________________________________
5. He / win / the game next year.
________________________________________________________________________________________

Pág 35
6. We / work / in the factory.
________________________________________________________________________________________
7. You / return / next week.
________________________________________________________________________________________
8. They / be / good friends.
________________________________________________________________________________________
9. He / come / tomorrow.
________________________________________________________________________________________
10. I / eat / Chinese food.
________________________________________________________________________________________
11. We / live / in Canada next month.
________________________________________________________________________________________
12. They / follow / us.
________________________________________________________________________________________
II.- NEGATIVE FORM
SUBJECT + WOULD + NOT + LIKE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT
EXAMPLES:
 I wouldn’t like to go to the party
 You wouldn’t like to spend your money.
 Peter wouldn’t like to fly by plane.
 Doris wouldn’t like to cook next weekend.
 We wouldn’t like to work overtime.
 They wouldn’t like to eat French food.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. - MAKE NEGATIVE SENTENCES: WOULDN’T LIKE.
1- The boys play in the garden.
……………………………………………………………….................................................................................
2- Betty dances in the party.
………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..
3- You paint on the board.

Pág 36
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4- My mother cooks at home.
……………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………….……...
5- The baby watches TV in the bedroom.
……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6- The teachers work in the university.
…….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7- My brother washes the new car.
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8- The mechanic fixes the truck in the garage.
……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………
9- The children listen to music in the class.
…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………
10- My sister works in the manager´s office.
……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
III. – INTERROGATIVE FORM WOULD + SUBJECT + LIKE TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT?
EXAMPLES:
 Would you like to drink a cup of coffee?
¿Te gustaría tomar una taza de café?
 Would you like to come with us?
¿Te gustaría venir con nosotros?
 Would he like to eat a piece of cake? ¿Le gustaría comer un trozo de pastel?
 Would you like having breakfast outside? No, I wouldn’t.
 Would you like to drink another cup of coffee? Oh, yes please.
 What would you like to order? I would like to order fried chicken.
 Would you like toe at rice or potatoes? Potatoes, please.
 Would you like anything else? No, that is all for now, thanks.
 Would you like to go out with me on Saturday night? Oh sure, I would like to.

Pág 37
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. - CHANGE TO QUESTION + AN ANSWER.
1. - My classmates would like to go to Cuzco during the summer.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
2. I would like to spend my vacations in the mountains.
________________________________________________? ____________________________
3. Johnny would like to keep his money in the bank.
_________________________________________________? ___________________________
4. Mr. Clark would like to read the news on the bulletin board.
_________________________________________________? ____________________________
5. George would like to study Economics in Germany.
_________________________________________________? ___________________________
6- The cat would like to jump to the table.
_______________________________________________? _____________________________
7- The policeman would like to stop the cars on the corner.
________________________________________________? ____________________________
8- The manager would like to read the newspaper.
________________________________________________? ____________________________
9- Peter would like to run very early in the morning.
________________________________________________? ____________________________
10- The secretary would like to go home late.
________________________________________________? ___________________________

Pág 38
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. TRANSFORMA LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES. EXPRESA LO MISMO UTILIZANDO ‘WOULD LIKE’.
1. Mary wants to be an actress.
Mary would like to be an actress
2. Do you want to go to the park?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. I want to buy an apple.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. She wants to be rich.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Do you want to eat an ice-cream.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. My friens want to play a soccer game.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. My family want to visit some friends.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Mary wanto to swim in the pool.
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. You and me want to climb the mountain.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. The teacher wants to take us an english exam.
_______________________________________________________________________________
11. Doris wants to get marry next year.
_______________________________________________________________________________
12. The children want to draw in class all the time.
_______________________________________________________________________________

Pág 39
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
Usamos el pasado progresivo cuando hablamos acerca de algo que estuvo ocurriendo en un period
de tiempo en el pasado de forma progresiva o continua.
We use the Past Progressive when we talk about something which was happening around a period
of time in the past.
USO DEL PASADO PROGRESIVO
a.) Para expresar una acción que se estaba desarrollando en el pasado pero cuyo fin no conocemos
o carece de importancia:
It was raining. / Estubo lloviendo
b.) Para expresar dos acciones que se desarrollan simultáneamente
I was reading the newspaper while I was walking home.
Estaba leyendo el periódico mientras volvía a casa caminando
c.) Para expresar dos acciones que se desarrollan en el pasado, una de las cuales tuvo su comienzo
antes que la otra:
When I arrived home, John was talking on the phone.
Cuando llegué John estaba hablando por teléfono.
1. AFFIRMATIVE FORM: El pasad progresivo se forma con el pasado del verbo TO BE (WAS –
WERE) mas el verbo principal con la terminación: - ING.
The Past Progressive is formed with the auxiliary to be (was, were).
I, he, she, it was / we, you, they were
SUBJECT + WAS / WERE + VERB (-ING ) + COMPLEMENT
I was Reading a newspaper.
He was walking by the park.
We were spending vacations in Miami.
You were living together.
They were calling me after class.

Pág 40
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. CHANGE TO PAST PROGRESSIVE.
1- Those boys are studying for the English exam.
.........................................................................................................................................
2- You and I are learning French in the university.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…………………...…
3- My parents are visiting to some relatives.
………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………..………….……………
4- I am watching a video in my house.
………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….…….………….…………
5- Betty is reading the newspaper in the living room.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….……....
6- The children are running in the park.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….…………………
7- We are swimming in the beach now.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….………
8- My cousin is riding his bicycle in the park.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….……………
9- The doctors are helping people in the hospital.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….………………
10- The baby is drinking the milk in the breakfast.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….………………
11- I am making a cake for your birthday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….………………
12- Bryan is drawing a picture on the board.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..…………………
13- That girl is taking photographs in the museum.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..………………
14- The dogs are barking to the people.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….………………....
15. You and I are building a new house in the country side.
................................................................................................................................................

Pág 41
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. DECIDE WHETHER TO USE: 'WAS' or 'WERE'.
1. Boris .............................. learning English.
2. They .............................. swimming in the lake.
3. Your father....................... Repairing the car.
4. I ........................... reading a magazine.
5. You ...................... packing your bag.
6. My friends ..................... watching the match on TV.
7. It ........................ raining.
8. The dog ..................... barking.
9. The children ........................ brushing their teeth.
10. Anne and Maureen ..................... singing a song.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. WRITE POSITIVE SENTENCES IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.
1. you / play / cards
.....................................................................................................................................
2. Alice / walk / around the lake
.....................................................................................................................................
3. Caron / listen / to the radio
.....................................................................................................................................
4. we / read / a book about Australia
.....................................................................................................................................
5. Linda / look for / her ring
.....................................................................................................................................
6. Fiona and Sam / visit / the castle
.....................................................................................................................................
7. Ben / wash / the car
.....................................................................................................................................
8. Kim and I / wait / in the park
.....................................................................................................................................
9. My sister / feed / the birds
.....................................................................................................................................
10.Greg and Phil / count / their money
.....................................................................................................................................

Pág 42
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. CHANGE TO NEGATIVE FORM IN PAST PROGRESSIVE, SIMPLE FORM AND CONTRACTION.
1- Those boys were studying for the English exam.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2- You and I were learning French in the university.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………...…
................................................................................................................................................................................
3- My parents were visiting to some relatives.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
.................................................................................................................................................................................
4- I was watching a video in my house.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….
.................................................................................................................................................................................
5- Betty was reading the newspaper in the living room.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………...
.................................................................................................................................................................................
6- The children and the teacher were running in the park.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….
.................................................................................................................................................................................
7- You and my friends were swimming in the beach.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.................................................................................................................................................................................
8- My older sister was riding his bicycle in the park.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
.................................................................................................................................................................................
9- The doctors and I were helping people in the hospital.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….
.................................................................................................................................................................................
10- The babies were drinking the milk in the breakfast.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.................................................................................................................................................................................
11- You and my parents were making a cake for your birthday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
.................................................................................................................................................................................
12- Bryan was drawing a picture on the board.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..
.................................................................................................................................................................................
13- That girls were taking photographs in the museum.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….
.................................................................................................................................................................................
14- The dogs and the cats were barking to the people.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….
.................................................................................................................................................................................
15. You and I were building a new house in the country side.
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................

Pág 43
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. WRITE NEGATIVE SENTENCES IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.
1. Sarah and Luke / not / work
.................................................................................................................................
2. Mister Miller / not / teach / chemistry
.................................................................................................................................
3. Barry / not / drive / a lorry
.................................................................................................................................
4. Mandy / not / have / lunch
. ........................................................................................................................... ....
5. Albert / not / play / tennis
.................................................................................................................................
6. Taylor and Bob / not / ride / home
.................................................................................................................................
7. Annie / not / clean / the table
.................................................................................................................................
8. Benjamin / not / write / an e-mail
.................................................................................................................................
9. Jane / not / exercise / in the gym
.................................................................................................................................
10.Robert / not / buy / flowers
.................................................................................................................................
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. CHANGE TO NEGATIVE FOR IN CONTRACCTION.
1. Henry was living in London last year.
...............................................................................................................................................
2. Anita was working at a restaurant last week.
...............................................................................................................................................
3. Ricky was waiting for Holly.
...............................................................................................................................................
4. Sarah was singing a song.
................................................................................................................................................
5. Joe was reading a book.
...............................................................................................................................................
6. At six o'clock, Miriam and her family were having dinner.
................................................................................................................................................
7. Bob was walking home because his car had a flat tire.
................................................................................................................................................

Pág 44
8. At half past seven, Mister Logan was driving home.
................................................................................................................................................
9. The children were playing in the sandbox.
...............................................................................................................................................
10. Claire was visiting her best friend.
..............................................................................................................................................
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. CHANGE TO QUESTION + AN ANSWER.
1- The secretary was typing the letters at the hospital.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
2- You and I were walking to the hospital.
_________________________________________________?_______________________________
3- That girl was studying English in the academy.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
4- My parents were buying in the market yesterday.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
5- Roger was explaining the new words to Rita.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
6- Jerry was resting on the big bed.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
7- You were washing and ironing the clothes.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
8- The new teacher was seating near my sister.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
9- I was driving my new beautiful car.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
10- You and I were going to the e university.
__________________________________________________?______________________________
11- Mrs. Brown was washing the sweater.
___________________________________________________?_____________________________
12- Carol was running to the library.
__________________________________________________?_____________________________

Pág 45
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. WRITE QUESTIONS IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.
1. Rachel / feed / the cat
..............................................................................................? ......................................
2. the children / paint / a picture
...............................................................................................? ......................................
3. Clark / repair / his computer
...............................................................................................? ......................................
4. Hazel / swim / in the pool
................................................................................................? .....................................
5. Lucas / have / a shower
................................................................................................? .....................................
6. Jason and Aron / run / down the street
.................................................................................................? ....................................
7. Betty / do / her homework
.................................................................................................? ....................................
8. Cindy and James / make / dinner
.................................................................................................? ....................................
9. Rebecca / watch / Star Trek
..................................................................................................? ...................................
10.Anita and Linda / sit / in the kitchen
..................................................................................................? ...................................
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. PUT THE VERBS INTO THE CORRECT FORM (PAST PROGRESSIVE).
1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) .................................................monopoly.
2. Yesterday at six I (prepare). ................................................................. dinner.
3. The kids (play) ....................................... in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I (practice) ...................................................... the guitar when he came home.
5. We (not / cycle). ..................................................... all day.
6. While Aaron (work) ................................. in his room, his friends (swim) in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (listen / not)..........................................................
8. (you / do) ............................................................................the homework yesterday?
9. Most of the time we (sit) .............................................. in the park.
10. (we / read) ................................................................... an interesting book?
II. WRITE: WAS – WERE
1. We....................... Dancing.
2. The dog ........................ barking.
3. The printer ........................ printing out a photograph.
4. The pupils ........................ writing a test.
5. Sue and Gareth .....................walking up the hill.

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III. WRITE SENTENCES IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.
1. He / the car / wash
→...........................................................................................................
2. She / home / go →
..........................................................................................................
3. They / not / the match / watch
→...........................................................................................
4. You / in the shop / work
→.....................................................................................................
5. I / not / a magazine / read
→.................................................................................................
IV. WRITE QUESTIONS IN PAST PROGRESSIVE.
1. She / on a chair / sit →.....................................................................................................?
2. You / your bag / pack → …………………………………...............................................................?
3. His head / ache → …........................................................................................................?
4. We / tea / drink → …........................................................................................................?
5. You / the bike / repair →..................................................................................................?
V. ASK FOR THE INFORMATION IN THE BOLD PART OF THE SENTENCE.
1. Jamie was doing a language course in London.
......................................................................................................? .........................................
2. Andrew was carrying a heavy box.
.......................................................................................................? ........................................
3. The teacher was testing our English.
.......................................................................................................? ........................................
4. At six o'clock, we were having dinner.
........................................................................................................? ......................................
5. Sally was hurrying to school because she was late.
.........................................................................................................? .....................................

Pág 47
2. NEGATIVE FORM:
Para construer opraciones en negative, agregaremos NOT seguido del verbo (was – were).
We add the word NOT after to be (was, were). We can use the contractions:
WAS NOT = WASN’T - WERE NOT = WEREN’T
EXAMPLES: I was not playing / Yo No estuve jugando
SIMPLE FORM CONTRACCTION
1- I was NOT learning English. = I WASN’T learning English.
2- You were NOT doing the homework. = You WEREN’T doing the homework.
3- He was NOT playing chess. = He WASN’T playing chess.
4- We were NOT dancing together. = We WEREN’T dancing together.
5- They were NOT traveling to Europe. = They WEREN’T traveling to Europe.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. CHANGE TO NEGATIVE FORM IN SIMPLE FORM AND CONTRACTION.
1- Those boys were studying for the English exam.
...............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
2- You and I were learning French in the university.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………..
...............................................................................................................................................................
3- My parents were visiting to some relatives.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………..
...............................................................................................................................................................
4- I was watching a video in my house.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
...............................................................................................................................................................
5- Betty was reading the newspaper in the living room.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
...............................................................................................................................................................

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6- The children and the teacher were running in the park.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
...............................................................................................................................................................
7- You and my friends were swimming in the beach.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………….……
...............................................................................................................................................................
8- My older sister was riding his bicycle in the park.
………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………….…
...............................................................................................................................................................
9- The doctors and I were helping people in the hospital.
…………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………
...............................................................................................................................................................
10- The babies were drinking the milk in the breakfast.
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………...…………
...............................................................................................................................................................
III. INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Para formular preguntas en pasado progresivo el verbo (was – were) deberá estar al inicio de la oración,
seguido por el sujeto. In the Past Progressive we put the auxiliary (was or were) before the subject.
WAS – WERE + SUBJECT + VERB (-ING) + COMPLEMENT?
Was he having a bath?
Were we studying for the exam?
Was I sleeping all night long?
Was he helping to you?
Were we doing an exercise?
Were you playing football?
Was I swimming in the pool?
========================================================================
QUESTION SHORT ANSWER
1. Was Peter reading a book yesterday evening? Yes, he was.
2. Was Helen listening to the radio? No, she wasn’t.
3. Were we sitting at the breakfast table? Yes, we were.
4. Was Andrew always coming in late? No, he wasn’t.
5. Were you watching TV? Yes, I was.
6. Was Andy surfing the internet? No, he wasn’t.

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GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. CHANGE TO QUESTION AND GIVE A SHORT ANSWER.
1- The secretary was typing the letters at the hospital.
_____________________________________________________________? __________________
2- You and I were walking to the hospital.
______________________________________________________________? _________________
3- That girl was studying English in the academy.
______________________________________________________________? _________________
4- My parents were buying in the market yesterday.
______________________________________________________________? _________________
5- Roger was explaining the new words to Rita.
______________________________________________________________? _________________
6- Jerry was resting on the big bed.
______________________________________________________________? _________________
7- You were washing and ironing the clothes.
_____________________________________________________________? __________________
8- The new teacher was seating near my sister.
_____________________________________________________________? __________________
9- I was driving my new beautiful car.
_____________________________________________________________? __________________
10- You and I were going to the e university.
____________________________________________________________? ___________________

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WH- QUESTION WORDS IN PAST PROGRESSIVE
I- USE OF WHAT : Se usa esta palabra interrogativa para preguntar por la acción que estuvo
realizando un determinado sujeto, ya sea en singular o plural. Siempre va a estar a compañada
del verbo DO (ing)
WHAT + BE (was – were) + SUBJECT + DO ( ing ) + COMPLEMENT ?
What was Peter Doing in the bedroom?
What were you Doing at home ?
What was Carmen Doing in the university?
What was I Doing now?
What were the students Doing in the yard?
What was the secretary Doing in the office?
============================================================
EXAMPLES: 1- My father was reading the newspaper.
What was your father doing? He was reading the newspaper.
2- The children were painting in the classroom.
What were the children doing? They were painting.
3- Doris was cleaning the house.
What was Doris doing? She was cleaning the house.
4- My friends were watching television in the living room.
What were your friends doing? They were watching television.

Pág 51
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
J. CAMBIA A PREGUNTA CON LA PALABRA INTERROGATIVA:WHAT.
1- The boys were playing in the garden.
What ……………………………………………………………………….….? ………………………………………………
2- Betty was dancing in the party.
What ……………………………………………………………………….….? ………………………………………………
3- You were writing on the board.
What ……………………………………………………………………..……? ………………………………………………
4- My mother was cooking at home.
What ……………………………………………………………………..……? ………………………………………………
5- The baby was drinking the milk.
What …………………………………………………………………….…..? ………………………………………………
6- The teachers were eating in the restaurant.
What …………………………………………………………………….……? ………………………………………………
7- My older brother was driving the new car .
What ………………………………………………………………….………? ………………………………………………
8- The mechanic was fixing the truck in the garage.
What …………………………………………………………………….…….? ………………………………………………
9- The students were studying for the exam .
What ………………………………………………………………………….? …………………………….…………………
10- My sister was working in the manager´s office.
What ……………………………………………….…………………………? ……………………….………………………
11- Those men were stealing in the bank.
What ………………………………………………………………..……..? …………………….…………………………
12- My parents were traveling to Europe.
What ……………………………………………………………………….? ………………………….……………………
13- Daniel was drawing on the walls.
What ……………………………………………………………………….? ………………………..………………………
14- The engineers were building new houses in the city.
What ……………………………………………………………..………? …………………………………………………
15- Helen and Carmen were crying for the baby.
What ……………………………………………………………..……….? ………………………..….……………………

Pág 52
16- You were swimming in the beach.
What …………………………………………………………………..….? …………………………………………………
17- My friend was listening to music.
What ……………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………………………
18- The dog was running in the garden.
What ……………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………………………
19- The lawyer was reading the newspaper.
What ……………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………………………
20- Jhon and Cristina were visiting some friends .
What………………………………………………………………….…….? ……………….………………………………
II- USE OF WHERE: Se usa para preguntar por el lugar donde se estuvo realizando una
determinada acción en el pasado de forma continua o progresiva. Tiene como significado en
castellano: DONDE.
WHERE + BE (was – were) + SUBJECT + VERB (ing) + COMPLEMENT?
Where were you going now?
Where was Helen studying?
Where were the boys playing football?
Where was the doctor working?
Where were your parents traveling?
Where was the baby sleeping?
============================================================
EXAMPLES : 1- My brother was living in Canada.
Where was your brother living? In Canada.
2- The dogs were eating on the bed.
Where were the dogs eating? On the bed.
3- The medicine students were going to the hospital.
Where were the medicine students going? To the hospital.

Pág 53
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. CAMBIA A PREGUNTA CON: WHERE.
1- Those men were fishing in the river.
Where …………………………………………………………………..…..? …………………………………………………
2- Daniel was exporting shoes to Europe.
Where ……………………………………………………………..………..? …………………………………………………
3- My sisters were learning English in the university.
Where ………………………………………………………………..……..? …………………………………………………
4- The policeman was stopping the cars on the cor ner .
Where …………………………………………………………………..…..? …………………………………………………
5- My father was changing money in the bank .
Where ………………………………………………………………..……..? …………………………………………………
6- The students were finishing the homework in the classroom.
Where …………………………………………………………………….? ……………………………………..……………
7- The teacher was living in Spain.
Where …………………………………………………………………….? …………………………………………………
8- You were practicing tennis in the club.
Where ……………………………………………………………….…….? ……………………….…………………………
9- My mother was buying in the market.
Where ……………………………………………………………….……..? ……………………….…………………………
10- Those women were selling in the store.
Where …………………………………………………………….………? ………………….………………………………
11- The cat was sleeping on the sofa.
Where …………………………………………….………………………? …………………….……………………………
12- The plane was flying from Lima to Miami.
Where ………………………………………………………………..…? …………………….……………………………
13- Helen was writing poems in her bedroom.
Where …………………………………………………………..………? …………………………….……………………
14- Anna and Teresa were working in the university.
Where ………………………………………………………….……….? ……………………………………………………
15- It was snowing in New York.
Where ……………………………………………………………………? ………………………………..…………………

Pág 54
16- My father was taking to my sister to her school.
Where ………………………………………………………………..….? ……………………………..……………………
17- The doctors were drinking a soda in the caffeteria.
Where ………………………………………………………….………..? …………………………..………………………
18- I was going to the discotec.
Where ………………………………………………………..…………? …………………………..………………………
19- Cristina was ridding a horse in the farm.
Where …………………………………………………………………….? …………………….……………………………
20. My family was visiting some friends in Spain.
Where……………………………………………………………….……..? ………………………….……………………….
III- USE OF: WHO Se usa para preguntar por el sujeto quien estuvo realizando una determinada
acción acción en el pasado de forma continua. Esta palabra interrogativa siempre va a preguntar
en singular, es decir con el verbo To be WAS. Tiene como significado en castellano: QUIEN.
WHO + TO BE (was) + VERB (ing) + COMPLEMENT?
Who was reading in the living room?
Who was learning German?
Who was playing with the toys?
Who was going to the movie?
Who was speaking in French?
Who was traveling to Italy?
====================================================
EXAMPLES:
1- My sister was wear ing new shoes.
Who was wearing new shoes? My sister was.
2- The teachers are explaining the classes.
Who was explaining the classes? The teachers were.
3- Peter was getting up late.
Who was getting up late? Peter was.
4- The children were playing with the toys.
Who was playing with the toys? The children were.

Pág 55
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. CHANGE TO QUESTION WITH: WHO + AN ANSWER.
1- My parents were saving money in the bank.
Who ……………………………………………………………………………? ………………….……………..……………
2- Mary was helping to Peter.
Who …………………………………………………………………………….? …………………………..…………………
3- My friend was graduating as a lawyer.
Who …………………………………………………………………….…….? ………………………………………………
4- Daniel and Joseph were fixing the my car.
Who ……………………………………………………………………….…..? ………………………………………………
5- The children were drawing cartoons.
Who ………………………………………………………….…………….? …………………………………………………
6- My mother was washing the sheets.
Who ……………………………………………………………………….? ……………………………………………………
7- My brother was kissing to his girlfriend.
Who ………………………………………………………………………..? ……………………………………………………
8- You were calling to the doctor by phone.
Who ………………………………………………………………..……..? …………………………….………………………
9- The doctor was helping to the people in the hospital.
Who ………………………………………………………………..…….? ……………………….……………………………
10- The students were finishing the exercises.
Who ………………………………………………………………..……? ……………………..……………………………
11. You were dancing in the discotec.
Who………………………………………………………………..….….? ……………………………………………………
12. The teacher was explaining the class.
Who …………………………………………………….…………..……? ……………………………………………………

Pág 56
THERE WAS – THERE WERE
1.- AFIRMATIVE FORM: Utilizamos ‘there was’ con cuando hablamos en singular. Sin embargo,
si hablamos en plural utilizamos ‘there were’.
THERE + WAS / WERE + COMPLEMENT
There was a woman in the park.
There were two women in a café.
* Recuerda que este verbo es impersonal y en español no existe diferencia para singular y plural.
En inglés si hacemos distinción.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I.- MAKE SENTENCES WITH: THERE WAS / WERE.
1- A desk in the living room.
________________________________________________________________________________
2- Rulers under the table.
________________________________________________________________________________
3- A light on the ceiling.
________________________________________________________________________________
4- Windows in the room.
________________________________________________________________________________
5- A picture on the wall.
________________________________________________________________________________
6- Keys are under the newspaper.
________________________________________________________________________________
7- A car in front of the house.
________________________________________________________________________________
8- Envelopes next to the books.
________________________________________________________________________________
9- a desk in the classroom.
________________________________________________________________________________
10- Sentences on the blackboard.
________________________________________________________________________________
11- An ice cream in the refrigerator.
________________________________________________________________________________
12- Boys behind the house.
_______________________________________________________________________________

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2.- NEGATIVE FORM: Para hacer las negaciones negamos el verbo ‘to be’ añadiendo la partícula
‘not’ detrás del verbo o con la forma contraída.
THERE + WAS + NOT/WERE + NOT + COMPLEMENT
There wasn't a woman in the park.
There weren't two women in a café.
* Podemos encontrar la forma completa 'there was not' o 'there were not', pero es mucho más
común la forma contraída.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I. – MAKE SENTENCES IN NEGATIVE FORM: THERE WAS NOT / THERE WERE NOT.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6- keys under the newspaper.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
9- A desk in the classroom.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12- computers in the house.
_________________________________________________________________________________
13- people in the meeting.
_________________________________________________________________________________
14- a fish in the refrigerator.
_________________________________________________________________________________
15- mice under the beds.
_________________________________________________________________________________
16- women in the party.
_________________________________________________________________________________
17- a bull in the farm.
_________________________________________________________________________________

Pág 58
3.- INTERROGATIVE FORM: Para la formación de preguntas necesitamos invertir el verbo ‘to
be’ y la partícula 'there'.
WAS / WERE + THERE + COMPLEMENT?
Was there a woman in the park?
Were there two women in a café?
RESPUESTAS CORTAS: Para dar respuestas cortas debemos utilizar la forma correspondiente del
verbo 'to be' en pasado, respetando si es singular o plural.
Is there a woman in the park? Yes, there was / No, there wasn’t
Are there two women in a café? Yes, there were / No, there weren’t
* Utilizamos la forma completa en las respuestas afirmativas, mientras que utilizamos la forma
contraída en las respuestas negativas.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
I.- MAKE QUESTIONS + SHORT ANSWERS.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6- Keys under the newspaper.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
9- A desk in the classroom.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12- computers in the house.
_________________________________________________________________________________
13- people in the meeting.
_________________________________________________________________________________
14- a fish in the refrigerator.
_________________________________________________________________________________

Pág 59
TOPIC: AND - BECAUSE
A conjunction is a word that "joins" two parts of a sentence.
1.- USE OF: AND.-
Conjunción que se utiliza para unir oraciones que de otro modo serían independientes e irían
separadas por un punto. And Se utiliza para relatar acontecimientos en orden cronológico de modo
que los que ocurrieron primero se mencionaran en primer lugar en la frase resultante:
EXAMPLES:
He had breakfast. He washed his teeth.
He had breakfast and washed his teeth.
Si el sujeto de las dos oraciones es el mismo, al unir las dos oraciones no lo repetiremos sino que
en la segunda quedará elíptico.
También une oraciones que dan información sobre algo o alguien:
They were students.They had an exam in the university.
They were students and had an exam in the university.
2.- USE OF: BECAUSE.-
Cuando queremos explicar las razones por las cuales ocurrieron determinados hechos lo podemos
hacer utilizando la conjunción because. Because es una conjunción, por tanto va seguida de una
oración:
EXAMPLES:
1. He couldn't play because he hurt his leg.
2. We had dinner after ten o' clock because dad arrived late.
3. He bought a new home because he won a lottery.
4. I read because I like reading.
5. We were late because it was raining.
6. I'm happy because I met you.
7. I finished early because I worked fast.
8. We finished early Because we had to go home.
9. You are crying Because John had a car accident.

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