animal and plant cells

1. Animal Cells
and
Plant Cells

2. What is a cell?
Cell is a basic unit structure of life .

3. Cell Membrane
-Every cell is surrounded by a cell
membrane.
-It is sometimes called a plasma
membrane.
-The cell membrane separates the cell
from its external environment and from
the neighboring cells.

4. Nucleus
-The nucleus is the most important
organelle (Little Body) within the cell. It
has two vital functions; to control the
activities of the cell and to facilitate cell
division.
-This spherical organelle is usually
located in or near the center of the cell.

5. Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm is a sticky, semi fluid
material found between the nucleus
and the cell membrane. Chemical
analysis of the cytoplasm shows that it
consists of proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, minerals, salts, and
water.

6. Golgi Body
(Apparatus)
Packages the proteins
made by the ribosome
so they can be sent out
of the cell. The UPS
store of the cell

7. Mitochondrion
"powerhouse of the cell"
breaks down sugar
molecules to release
energy, site of cellular
respiration, double
membrane, self-
replicating, contains own
DNA, cristae

8. Vacuole
"Storage tanks"
Can hold food,
water or waste for
the cell

9. Ribosome
Makes proteins for
the cell, can be found
attached to the
endoplasmic
reticulum or free in
the cytoplasm

10. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(ER)
Transportation network for the
cell, moves materials around in
the cell Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)- endoplasmic
reticulum that has ribosomes
attached.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(SER)- does not have
ribosome's attached

11. Lysosome
"Stomach of the
cell" Helps the
cell digest food,
waste and worn
out cell parts

12. Chloroplast
A special plastid that
contains chlorophyll a
pigment that captures
the sun's energy to
produce glucose in a
process called
photosynthesis

13. Cell Wall
Rigid outer layer
made of cellulose
that supports and
protects the cell
(plant, fungi, and
bacterial cells)

14. Vesicle
Stores and Transports
substances from the
Golgi Body to the cell
membrane for export.
"The UPS truck of the
cell"

15. Cytoskeleton
gives support and
shape to the cell, made
of proteins

16. Centriole
Organizes special
parts of the
cytoskeleton called
microtubules for cell
division, migrates to
opposite ends (poles)
of the cell to assist with
cell division

17. Animal cells

19. According to the cell theory, proposed over
150 years ago:
• Most cells are very tiny and can only be seen with
the aid of a microscope. A human body is
composed of billions of cells!
• The cells in the human body consist of blood
cells, skin cells, brain cells and many others and
each type of cells has different functions.
• Despite their differences, most cells in living
organisms have similar structures and functions.

20. • A cell membrane keeps all the parts of the
cell inside.
• It controls what enters and exits the cell
such as water, nutrients and waste and
thereby protects and supports the cell.
• It is the outermost layer in the animal cell.
Cell
Membrane

21. • Inside the cell, there is a large fluid-filled
space called the cytoplasm.
• It is a jelly-like substance composed of
mainly water as well as substances like
dissolved nutrients.
• The cytoplasm fills up the space between the
nucleus and the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm

22. • The nucleus is located in the cytoplasm of the
cell.
• It controls and regulates all cell activities. It is
the "control center" of the cell and it contains
the cell's DNA.
• It has a similar function to the brain of the
body which is helping to control eating,
movement, and reproduction.
Nucleus

23. Animal Cell - Functions
Nucleus control centre of the cell
– stores information for
cell functions
Cytoplasm jelly-like, where cell
activities take place
Cell membrane thin, controls the
substances that enter or
exit the cells
Let’s summarise:

24. Examples of Cells found in Animals

25. Cheek Cells
Can you identify the parts of the cell?
- cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

26. Red Blood Cells

27. Human Muscle Cells

28. Plant cells

30. • A cell membrane
keeps all the parts of
the cell inside.
• It controls what
enters and exits the
cell such as water,
nutrients and waste
and thereby protects
and supports the cell.
• It is found just inside
the cell wall in the
plant cell.
Cell
Membrane

31. • The cell wall is found in
plant cells but not in
animal cells.
• This is the outermost
layer in the plant cell. It is
stiff and rigid and helps a
plant keep its shape.
• Cell walls allow materials
like water and nutrients;
waste, oxygen and carbon
dioxide to pass to and
from the cell membrane.
Cell
Wall

32. • Chloroplasts are only
found in plant cells. They
are responsible for
photosynthesis.
• Every green plant you
see is working to convert
the energy from the sun
into sugars during the
process of
photosynthesis.
• Plants are the basis of all
life on Earth. They make
sugars, and the by-
product of
photosynthesis is the
oxygen that we breathe.
• Chloroplasts are green
because of the pigment
chlorophyll.
Chloroplast

33. • Inside the cell, there is
a large fluid-filled
space called the
cytoplasm.
• It is a jelly-like
substance composed
of mainly water as well
as substances like
dissolved nutrients.
• The cytoplasm is found
in both plant and
animal cells, filling the
space between the
nucleus and the cell
membrane.
Cytoplasm

34. • The nucleus is found in
both plant and animal
cells.
• It is located in the
cytoplasm of the cell.
• It controls and regulates
all cell activities. It is the
"control center" of the
cell and it contains the
cell's DNA.
• It has a similar function
to the brain of the body
which is helping to
control eating, movement,
and reproduction.
Nucleus

35. Nucleus control centre of the cell – stores
information for cell functions
Chloroplasts contain green pigment
chlorophyll, needed in
photosynthesis
Cytoplasm jelly-like, where cell activities
take place
Cell
membrane
thin, controls the substances that
enter or exit the cells
Cell wall stiff wall which gives plant cells
their shape
Plant Cell - Functions
Let’s summarise:

36. Examples of Cells found in Plants

37. Hydrilla Cells

38. Hydrilla Cells- Magnified
Can you spot the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus,
cytoplasm and chloroplasts?

39. Onion Cells

40. Onion cell- Magnified
Can you identify the parts of the cell?

41. Cells in a leaf
stoma
stoma

42. Cells in the stem
xylem
phloem

43. Differences between Plant and
Animal Cells
Plant Cell Animal Cell
•Plant cells contain
chloroplasts to make
food from solar energy
during photosynthesis.
•Underground parts of
plants usually do not
contain chloroplasts.
•Animal cells do not
contain chloroplasts.
•Plant cells contain cell
wall.
Animal cells do not have
cell wall.

44. THANK YOU 