The future is to develop and implement more AI tools and project which eliminate human efforts. Pakistan is blessed of talented peoples who can play a vital role in changing the world through AI. Companies should collaborate with the young students who have brilliant ideas and connect them with experience developers to convert the idea into reality. Currently Pakistan needs to do a lot of work in the field of AI and improve their R&D process to get fruitful results.

1. F U T U R E O F
A R T I F I C I A L
I N T E L L I G E N C E
A N D
W H A T R O L E
C O M P A N I E S
I N P A K I S T A N
S H O U L D P L A Y
BY Z A I N FA R O O Q A N S A R I
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2. WHAT IS AI
According to the father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, it is
“The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent
computer programs”.
Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a
software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.

3. BRANCHES OF AI

4. HISTORY OF AI
Year Milestone / Innovation
1923 Karel Čapek play named “Rossum's Universal Robots” (RUR) opens in London, first use of the word "robot" in
English.
1943 Foundations for neural networks laid.
1950 Alan Turing introduced Turing Test for evaluation of intelligence and published Computing Machinery and
Intelligence. Claude Shannon published Detailed Analysis of Chess Playing as a search.
1956 John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence. Demonstration of the first running AI program at
Carnegie Mellon Uni.
1958 John McCarthy invents LISP programming language for AI.
1964 Danny Bobrow's dissertation at MIT showed that computers can understand natural language well enough
solve algebra word problems correctly.
1969 Scientists at Stanford Research Institute Developed Shakey, a robot, equipped with locomotion, perception,
and pb solving.
1990 Major advances in all areas of AI − Significant demonstrations in machine learning, Case-based reasoning,
Multi-agent planning Scheduling, Data mining, Web Crawler ,natural language understanding and
,Vision, Virtual Reality and Games
1997 The Deep Blue Chess Program beats the then world chess champion, Garry Kasparov.
2000 Interactive robot pets become commercially available. MIT displays Kismet, a robot with a face that expresses

5. FUTURE OF AI
A.I. is growing at an exponential rate. As "Moore's law" explains, over the history of computing
hardware, the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit has doubled approximately
every two years.
This means that in the future, a computer can design a better one that can design a
better one and so on
Today, A.I. is all around us. If you own a smartphone, tablet, pc or even a car, it’s very
likely that it runs some form of A.I. (Siri, Cortana, Google Now, etc.)

6. BIG TREND
A big trend nowadays is to use game
engines, the ones that game developers
use, for architectural purposes. Since these
engines all have some form of A.I. that
shoots back at you whenever you play a
game, we can use them to do all the hard
work for us. A good example would be
Unity 3D, on which we can upload our
projects, and use it’s A.I. to figure out for
example the shortest distances to the fire
exits

8. AI IN BUSINESS
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) has often been popularly envisaged in super-smart humanoid
robot form. In fact, it's more commonly implemented as behind-the-scenes algorithms
that can process 'big' data to accomplish a range of relatively mundane tasks far more
efficiently than humans can.
• As a recent report from Deloitte makes clear, technology advances have always
eliminated some jobs and created others, leaving social change -- in the form of
displaced 'legacy' workers in their wake. There's no reason to suppose that this trend
will not continue, says Deloitte:
"We cannot forecast the jobs of the future, but we believe that jobs will continue to
created, enhanced and destroyed much as they have in the last 150 years."

9. PREDICTION FOR AI
Likewise in terms of AI, it is reasonable to think that there are
conceptual breakthroughs to be made – but obviously whether
happens in three years or 33 years is entirely unpredictable, and
by how much that breakthrough will accelerate advances in the
field. ‘That introduces an element of great uncertainty and it’s
one of the reasons I think it’s foolish to say we are making such
progress we are guaranteed to have general artificial
intelligence by 2070,’ he says.

10. WHAT ROLE
COMPANIES
IN PAKISTAN
SHOULD
PL AY

11. ROLES OF AI IN AREAS
Pakistan
Companies
Individuals
Education
Health
Care

12. ROLE IN EDUCATION
Artificial intelligence can automate basic activities in education, like
grading
Educational software can be adapted to student needs
It can point out places where courses need to improve
Students could get additional support from AI tutors
AI-driven programs can give students and educators helpful feedback

13. It is altering how we find and interact with information
It could change the role of teachers
AI can make trial-and-error learning less intimidating
Data powered by AI can change how schools find, teach, and
support students
AI may change where students learn, who teaches them, and how they
acquire basic skills
ROLE IN EDUCATION CONT…

14. ROLE IN HEALTH CARE
Patients who feel a little unwell or think they need medical advice
will dial into a tele-health service and talk to a nurse. Data on their
condition and symptoms may be uploaded in real time from a
smart phone or smart sensors, and an artificially intelligent system
will suggest next steps to the nurse on the line. And by the way,
smartphones will be used to regularly send pictures or videos
which a computer will read and recommend how to proceed.
Patients who feel sufficiently unwell will not go to a hospital urgent
care department and instead will mostly go to a conveniently
located small clinic, probably in a local mall or chain pharmacy.
There the patient will be seen by a nurse practitioner who will be
able to take into account a patient’s entire medical history by
pulling up a universally accessible, privacy protected, electronic
health record, or EHR.
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15. ROLE IN HEALTH CARE
Patients with chronic conditions will be cared for at home by
visiting nurses and doctors (matched by smart platforms and
“Uber”-type technology) who can then call in as frequently as
necessary either in person or via tele-health means. People who are
not ambulatory at all will also be able to be watched over by AI
robots that also provide some basic care in situ.
Where a hospital is still needed, for say major surgery, these will be
making extensive use of technology, much of which will be
available in every patient room (or portably deliverable to it) like a
mini ICU. AI will feature significantly in these rooms and will be
blended with human resources.
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16. ROLE IN HEALTH CARE
In-Patients (in hospitals, surgery centers, clinics, skilled nursing
centers, hospices etc.) will have multiple screens around them
which can deliver tailored education by AI means and be
responsive to patient requests for feedback (by just using their
voice as a command).
Human medical staffing ratios will be adjusted constantly
according to the individual patient’s need as determined by AI risk-
monitoring and treatment algorithms and by adjusting according
to a continually updated electronic health record.
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17. ROLE IN HEALTH CARE
Most orders and notes from doctors will be entered into the EHR
through natural language voice recognition software. Each patient
will control his or her own EHR, a digital compendium of clinician-
generated notes and data with patient-generated information and
preferences (all of which will be simply analyzed, charted and
displayed as a patient wishes).
Patient Alerts will be calibrated to clearly distinguish life-
threatening issues and problems from minor conditions or
ignorable symptoms.
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18. ROLE IN HEALTH CARE
Doctor’s efforts will be greatly assisted, especially when engaged in
differential diagnosis and evidence-based treatment and precision
medicine practice by cognitive computing systems like IBM’s
Watson.
Artificial intelligence applied to cloud-based “Big Data” will assist
clinicians by comparing and contrasting individual patient’s
characteristics with other patients in the database with similar
conditions in order to find the best possible diagnoses and
solutions.
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19. EXAMPLES IN
PAKISTAN
• Robot serves food at Multan pizzeria
• Students and team members of
Robotics and Intelligence Systems
Engineering (RISE) programme their
robot football players. — AFP

20. SUMMARY
The future is to develop and implement more AI tools and project which
eliminate human efforts. Pakistan is blessed of talented peoples who can
play a vital role in changing the world through AI. Companies should
collaborate with the young students who have brilliant ideas and connect
them with experience developers to convert the idea into reality.
Currently Pakistan needs to do a lot of work in the field of AI and improve
their R&D process to get fruitful results.