Fire safety in industrial establishments

1. FIRE SAFETY IN INDUSTRIAL
ESTABLISHMENTS
Dr. N. Yuvaraj
Assistant Professor
Achariya Arts and Science College
Villianur , Puducherry

2. Industrial Core Sector
 Energy & Power
 Petroleum, Gas and Chemical
 Metals, Minerals and Steel
 Cement
 Coal

3.  Defence Production
 Telecom & IT
 Automobiles
 Textile
 And many more

4.  India is the second fastest growing
economy in the world. India’s GDP has
touched US$1.25 trillion.
 India is fourteenth in the world in
factory output.
 Manufacturing sector together
account for 29% of the GDP
 56 Indian companies were listed in
the Forbes Global 2000 ranking for
2010. The 10 leading companies are:

5. LEADING TEN COMPANIES
WORLD
RANKING
COMPANY SECTOR
121 Reliance
industries
Oil and gas
operations
150 State bank
of India
Banking
152 ONGC Oil and gas
operations
207 IOCL Oil and gas
operations
317 NTPC Utilities
WORLD
RANKING
COMPANY SECTOR
329 ICICI Bank Banking
463 Tata Steel Materials
508 Bharti Airtel Telecom
services
582 SAIL Materials
689 Reliance
communicatio
n
Telecom
services

6.  Storage (Raw Material - Solid, Liquid,
Gases)
 Process Plant & Machinery
 Utilities ( Power, Steam,
Nitrogen etc.)
 Finished Product
 People (Operation, Maintenance and
Supporting Staff)
Industrial Domain

7. Industrial Accidents
“Industrial Accidents are caused by chemical,
mechanical, civil, electrical, or other process failures
due to accident, negligence or incompetence, in an
industrial plant which may spill over to the areas
outside the plant causing damage to life and property.”

8. Industrial Accidents
 These may originate in:
 Manufacturing and formulation installations including
during commissioning and process operations; maintenance
and disposal.
 Material handling and storage in manufacturing facilities,
and isolated storages; warehouses and go downs including
tank farms in ports and docks and fuel depots.
 Transportation (road, rail, air, water, and pipelines).

9.  Fire
 Explosion
 Toxic release
 Poisoning
 Combinations of the above
Major Threats

10.  Process deviations i.e pressure, temperature & flow.
 Parameters with regard to the state of the substance i.e.,
solid, liquid or gas, proximity to other toxic substances.
 Runaway reaction.
 Hardware failure, resulting in large-scale spills of toxic
substances.
 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) on the
chemicals during transportation.
PROBABLE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

11.  Electrical failure
 Cutting and welding
 Open flame
 Carelessness
 Poor housekeeping
 Smoking
 Sabotage

12. • Meteorology of the area, wind speed and direction, rate of
precipitation, toxicity/quantity of chemical released,
population in the reach of release, probability of formation
of lethal mixtures and other industrial activities in
vicinity.
COMPOUNDING OF EFFECTS OF
ACCIDENTS

13. Impact of Industrial Accidents

14. Living Organisms
Industrial Accidents
Environment Property
Humans Livestock Plants
Immediate, Short-term
and Long-term Effects
Soil and Water Bodies Atmosphere
PollutionDeath, Injury, Disease and Disability

15. Major Consequences
 Loss of life / injuries
 Impact on livestock
 Damage to Flora/fauna
 Environmental Impact (air, soil,water)
 Financial losses to industry.

16. FILXBOROUGH, 01.06.1974, UK

17. Bhopal Gas Tragedy
• Worst industrial disaster in history
• 2,000 people died on immediate aftermath
• Another 13,000 died in next fifteen years
• 10-15 persons dying every month
• 520,000 diagnosed chemicals in blood
causing different health complications
• 120,000 people still suffering from
– Cancer
– Tuberculosis
– Partial or complete blindness,
– Post traumatic stress disorders,
– Menstrual irregularities
• Rise in spontaneous abortion and stillbirth

18. slide 18 Uran Plant
IOC JAIPUR - 2009

19. IOC JAIPUR - 2009
ENVIRONMENT !!!

20. RISK CONTROL MEASURES
Physical Protection
Procedural Protection
Educational Protection

21. Strict & Rigorous approach in
following the Relevant Standards ,
Codes & Practices
Built in Safety Devices and Safety
System
Venting through Tall stacks
Field Monitors for Different Toxic
Gases
Burning Waste gases in a Flare
System
Physical Protection

22. Provision of Wind Cones
Fire Proofing of Steel Structures
PPE
Passive Protection System
Active Protection system
Automatic Protection system

23. PROCEDURAL PROTECTION
Fire Emergency Procedure
Disaster Preparedness Plan
Mutual Aid Scheme
No Smoking Policy
Investigation of All Accidents
Hazard Identification through Safety
Committee, House Keeping Committee, Safety
audit Committee
Conducting Plant Survey, safety survey
Work Permit System

24.  Safety promotional activities
 Information notes on unsafe conditions
 MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet
 Annual Medical Check up of Employees
 Safe Start up & Shut Down Procedure
 Regular and Preventive Maintenance
 Periodic testing of Fire Fighting
Appliances

25. Periodic Training Program on Safety, Fire
Safety and Hazardous properties of materials
Mock Fire Drill
Safety Manuals
Health & Safety News Bulletins, leaflets
Safety Motivation schemes
Plant Operating Manual
Educating the Public Living nearby about the
activities in the industry
EDUCATIONAL PROTECTION