2016 Conference - Dr. William Bird

3. Dr William Bird MRCGP MBE 3 March 2016 Building Active Communities

6. © 2016 Intelligent Health If we take an hour to equal 1,000 years, then four days is 100,000 years – the time from the origin of mankind to today 4 days ago 100,000 years ago hunter gatherers 10 hours ago 10,000 years ago agriculture 4 hours ago 4,000 years ago civilisation 10 hours ago 10,000 years ago agriculture 4 hours ago 4,000 years ago civilisation technologyindustrialisationindustrialisation 9 minutes ago 9 minutes ago 80 seconds ago

11. © 2016 Intelligent Health The Effect of Trees on Cognitive Performance –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 No Tree Min Awareness Mod Awareness Heightened Awareness Lin, Ying-Hsuan, et al. "Does awareness effect the restorative function and perception of street trees?“ Cognitive Science 5 (2014): 906. Digit Span Backward Test

13. © 2016 Intelligent Health Association Between Trees, Vegetation, Depression and Stress –1.6 –1.4 –1.2 –1.0 –0.8 –0.6 –0.4 –0.2 0.0 25% more Tree Cover 25% Higher NDVI 25% more Greenspace Depression Stress Mitchell, R. and Popham, F. (2008) Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. The Lancet 372(9650):pp. 1655-1660. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

14. © 2015 Intelligent Health © 2015 Intelligent Health Place: Green space moderates the effect of stressful events in children Nearby Nature A Buffer of Life Stress among Rural Children NM Wells, GW Evans Environment and Behavior May 2003vol. 35 no. 3 311- 33 High Nature Low Nature 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Low Medium High PsychologicalStress Stressful events High Nature Low Nature

16. © 2015 Intelligent Health Chronic Stress Stress Hormones Physical Inactivity And other poorhealth behaviours Chronic Inflammation Mitochondria as a key component of the stress response. Manoli et al. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol 18 No 5 2007

19. © 2016 Intelligent Health Reducing inflammation – fat Visceral fat = 0.5 L Visceral fat = 1.1 L Visceral fat = 1.3 L Visceral fat = 1.7 L Visceral fat = 4.3 LVisceral fat = 4.2 LVisceral fat = 1.8 L Visceral fat = 1.2 L Variation in visceral fat content in men with the same waist circumference

20. © 2016 Intelligent Health Visceral fat reduction with exercise –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 Lean Obese Type 2 Diabetes Subcutaneous Fat Visceral Fat Lee S et al. J Appl Physiol 2005;99:1220-1225 % Loss of Fat Fat loss after 13 weeks of walking 60 mins a day and no weight loss

25. © 2016 Intelligent Health ‘The mitochondria is like a dynamo, it has to keep moving ... ... but with the weight of a 40 pound car battery’ Prof Mike Murphy, MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit Cambridge University

28. © 2016 Intelligent Health Telomeres get shorter Epel, Elissa, et al. Can meditation slow rate of cellular aging? Cognitive stress, mindfulness, and telomeres. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1172.1 (2009): 34-53

29. © 2016 Intelligent Health Senescence: the end of the cell Hezel, Aram F., Nabeel Bardeesy and Richard S. Maser. ‘Telomere induced senescence: end game signaling.’ Current molecular medicine 5.2 (2005): 145-152.

31. © 2016 Intelligent Health Inflammation: ‘the cause of causes’ Chronic Inflammation Starts in children as young as 6 years old ArthritisArthritis CancersCancers DiabetesDiabetes ObesityObesity DementiaDementia Cardiovascular disease Anxiety and Depression

33. © 2016 Intelligent Health Chronic Stress Stress Hormones Physical Inactivity Andother poorhealth behaviours Mitochondrial damage and telomere shortening which leads to inflammation Depression Mitochondria as a key component of the stress response. Manoli et al. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol 18 No 5 2007 Cancers Diabetes DementiaCardiovascular

34. © 2016 Intelligent Health Good for children: single sessions of physical activity can enhance attention and memory After 20 minutes of sitting quietly After 20 minutes of walking Hillman et al. (2009). Neuroscience,159, 1044-1054

35. © 2016 Intelligent Health Physical inactivity is also associated with hypertension1 and metabolic risk2 , in children as young as eight years old 1) Pardee PE, Norman GJ, LustigRH et al. Television viewing and hypertension in obese children.Am J Prev Med. 2007, 33: 439-443 2) Ekulund U, Brage S, Froberd K et al. TV viewing and physical activity are independently associated with metabolic risk in children: the European Youth Heart Study. PLoS Medicine 2006, 2: 2449-2456

43. © 2016 Intelligent Health Making a difference said they used the car less. Facebook likes across summer projects. increase in cycle traffic in Lowestoft. of participants lifted into activity (results from Norwich, Thurrock and Reading in 2014). said they would recommend Beat the Street to their friends and family! increase in players for second year of Reading (15,074 – 23,992). said Beat the Street helped them feel more involved in the community. 48% 7,983 30% 18% 94% 63% 69%

50. © 2016 Intelligent Health Changes in Physical Activity Beat the Street Reading 2014 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Before Reading After Reading 3 months after Reading Achieving 30 minutes of activity 5 days a week P <0.05 P <0.05

51. © 2016 Intelligent Health Beat the Street Reading 35% 45% 36% 45% 46% 56% 40% 47% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 2014 registration 2014 registration 3 months after 2015 registration 2015 registration 3 months after Took part in 2014 only Took part both years Took part 2015 only Over two years in Reading there has been a 20% increase in the number of people reaching the Government recommended activity levels of 150 minutes a week

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