History of computers

1. History of Computers
Yong Heui Cho @ Mokwon University
Some of slides are referred to:
[1] Luz Pingol, History Of Computer, slideshare.

2. 2
Basic Computer Design
1. History of Computers
2. Introduction to Arduino
3. Basic Computer Architecture
4. Combinational Logic Circuit

3. 3
How did it start?
• Meaning of “Computer”
a person who can compute
a machine for computations

4. 4
Abacus
• About 4,700 years ago (2,700 BC)

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The Oldest Analog Computer
• Antikythera mechanism
– To predict the cycles (like the Olympiads)

6. 6
Pascal Calculator
• Invented by Pascal (at 19) for 1642-1652
– Used for 8 digit addition and subtraction

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Leibniz Calculator
• Invented by Leibniz (at 25) for 1671-1706
• Used for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and square
root calculations
Leibniz wheel

8. 8
Jacquard Loom
• Invented by Jacquard (at 49) in 1801
– Used punched cards to program textile
patterns
– Punched cards were first around 1725.

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Difference Engine
• Invented by Babbage, Father of
Computer, (at 31) in 1822
– Powered by steam
– Able to perform calculations and print
results

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Analytic Engine
• The first general purpose computer
– Also invented by Babbage in 1833
– Failed to implement

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The First Programmer
• Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
– Worked with Babbage for 1842-1843
the first computer program

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Tabulating Machine
• Invented by Hollerith (at 29) in 1889
– Able to read, store, and process data
– Founded TMC which became IBM

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Harvard Mark I (I)
• Proposed by Aiken with IBM in 1937
– Aiken was a PhD student in Harvard
University at that time.
– A general purpose electro-mechanical
computer
– a.k.a. IBM ASCC (Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator)
– Built from switches, relays, rotating shafts,
and clutches
– Contributed to the Manhattan project by von
Neumann in 1944

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Harvard Mark I (II)

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Colossus Computer
• Developed for British codebreakers in
1943-1945
– Turing (at 28) designed the British Bombe in
1940.
Bombe (electro-mechanical)
Colossus

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ENIAC (I)
• The first general purpose electronic
computer
– Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator
– Developed by Eckert (chief engineer) and
Mauchly (professor) for 1943-1946
– Recognized by von Neumann
– Weight = 27 tons
– # of vacuum tubes = 17,468
– # of soldering = over 5 millions

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ENIAC (II)

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Vacuum Tube
• A bulb which can compute and think
– Invented by Fleming (at 55) in 1904

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EDVAC (I)
• Invented (?) by von Neumann (at 44) for
1947-1948
– Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer
– Adopted the architecture of a stored-
program computer
– CPU (Central Processing Unit)

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EDVAC (II)

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von Neumann Architecture

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Harvard Architecture

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Mainframe Computers
• Mainframe computers are computers used
primarily by large organizations for critical
applications, bulk data processing.

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Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is a computer with a
high-level computational capacity.

25. 25
Personal Computers
• A PC is a general-purpose computer whose
size, capabilities and price make it useful
for individuals.

26. 26
Smartphones
• Mobile phone + mobile OS

27. 27
Smart Devices
• A smart device is an electronic device,
generally connected to other devices or
networks via different wireless protocols.