1. IRREGULAR VERBS
FIRST GROUP: INFINITIVE, PAST SIMPLE Y PAST PARTICIPLE SON IGUALES. FIJAOS EN LAS VOCALES. LOS
VERBOS EN NEGRITA PUEDEN SER TAMBIÉN REGULARES.
Grupo A (A)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Cast Cast Cast Lanzar, arrojar
Grupo B (E)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Bet Bet Bet Apostar
Let Let Let Permitir, dejar
Set Set Set Poner, establecer
Shed Shed Shed Mudar (la piel), dejar caer
Wed Wed Wed Casarse
Wet Wet Wet Mojar
Grupo C (EA)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Read Read Read Leer
Spread Spread Spread Extenderse
Sweat Sweat Sweat Sudar
Grupo D (I)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Bid Bid Bid Pujar
Fit Fit Fit Sentar bien, caber
Hit Hit Hit Golpear
Knit Knit Knit Tejer
Quit Quit Quit Dejar, abandonar
Rid Rid Rid Deshacerse de, eliminar
Slit Slit Slit Cortar, degollar
Spit Spit Spit escupir
Split Split Split Rajar(se), partir(se)
Grupo E (O)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Cost Cost Cost Costar, valer
Grupo F (U)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Burst Burst Burst Explotar
Bust Bust Bust Romper, estropear
Cut Cut Cut Cortar
Hurt Hurt Hurt Herir, lastimar
Put Put Put Poner
Shut Shut Shut Cerrar
Thrust Thrust Thrust Impulsar, empujar
Grupo G (PALABRAS COMPUESTAS)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Retransmitir
Forecast Forecast Forecast Predecir
Input Input Input Introducir, entrar
Inset Inset Inset Insertar, imprimir
Misread Misread Misread Leer o interpretar mal
Overcast Overcast Overcast nublarse
Preset Preset Preset programar
Reset Reset Reset Reajustar, recomponer
Upset Upset Upset Volcar, derramar
SECOND GROUP (INFINITIVE Y PAST SIMPLE SON IGUALES). SÓLO UN VERBO EN ESTE GRUPO)
EA EA +EN
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2. Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Beat Beat Beaten Golpear repetidamente, ganar
THIRD GROUP (INFINITIVE Y PAST PARTICIPLE SON IGUALES). FIJAOS EN EL CAMBIO DE VOCALES.
O/U A O/U
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Become Became Become Hacerse, convertirse en
Come Came Come Venir
Overcome Overcame Overcome Vencer, superar
Overrun Overran Overrun Rebasar, exceder, invadir
Run Ran Run Correr, dirigir
FOURTH GROUP (PAST SIMPLE Y PAST PARTICIPLE SON IGUALES). EXCEPTO EN UN PAR DE SUBGRUPOS,
EL GRUPO CUARTO SE CARACTERIZA POR FORMAR EL PASADO Y EL PARTICIPIO PASADO AÑADIENDO –D
O –T. EN NEGRITA LOS VERBOS QUE PUEDEN TAMBIÉN REGULARES)
Group A (FIJAOS: SE QUITA UNA –E DEL INFINITIVO) CUIDADO CON CLAP y STRIP)
EEP / EEL EPT / ELT EPT / ELT
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Clap Clapt Clapt aplaudir
Creep Crept Crept Arrastrarse, andar a gatas
Feel Felt Felt Sentir
Keep Kept Kept Mantener, guardar
Kneel Knelt Knelt Arrodillarse
Oversleep Overslept Overslept Dormir demasiado
Sleep Slept Slept Dormir
Strip Stript Stript Desvestirse
Sweep Swept Swept Barrer
Weep Wept Wept llorar
Group B (FIJAOS: SE AÑADE –T AL INFINITIVE PARA FORMAR EL PAST SIMPLE Y EL PAST PARTICIPLE)
CUIDADO CON LOSE (LOST).
+T +T
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Burn Burnt Burnt Quemar
Deal Dealt Dealt Tratar
Dream Dreamt Dreamt Soñar
Lean Leant Leant Apoyarse
Leap Leapt Leapt Saltar, brincar
Learn Learnt Learnt Aprender
Lose Lost Lost Perder
Mean Meant Meant Significar, querer decir
Spoil Spoilt Spoilt estropear
Sunburn Sunburnt Sunburnt Quemarse por el sol
Group C (FIJAOS: SE SUSTITUYE LA -D POR LA -T)
-ND / -LD -NT / -LT -NT / -LT
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Bend Bent Bent Doblar, torcer, inclinar
Build Built Built Construir
Lend Lent Lent Prestar
Send Sent Sent Enviar
Spend Spent Spent Gastar, pasar
Group D (FIJAOS: SE QUITA UNA L AL INFINITIVE Y SE AÑADE –T)
-LL -LT -LT
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Dwell Dwelt Dwelt Morar, habitar
Misspell Misspelt Misspelt Deletrear mal
Smell Smelt Smelt Oler
Spell Spelt Spelt Deletrear
Spill Spilt Spilt Verter, derramar
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3. Group E (FIAJOS: CAMBIO O REDUCCIÓN DE VOCALES. CUIDADO CON LEAVE Y LIGHT)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Get Got Got Conseguir, obtener
Leave Left Left Marcharse, dejar
Light Lit Lit Iluminar, encender
Meet Met Met Encontrar(se), conocer
Shoot Shot Shot Disparar, rodar
Sit Sat Sat sentarse
Spit Spat Spat escupir
Group F (FIJAOS EN LA TERMINACIÓN DEL PAST SIMPLE / PAST PARTICIPLE, OUGHT-AUGHT)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Bring Brought Brought Traer
Buy Bought Bought Comprar
Catch Caught Caught Coger, atrapar
Fight Fought Fought Luchar
Seek Sought Sought buscar
Teach Taught Taught Enseñar
Think Thought Thought pensar
Group G (FIJAOS EN EL CAMBIO DE VOCAL, SE SUSTITUYE –I POR –U)
-I -U -U
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Cling Clung Clung Aferrarse a, pegarse a
Dig Dug Dug Cavar
Fling Flung flung Arrojar, tirar, lanzar
Hang Hung Hung Colgar, ahorcar, decorar
Spin Spun Spun Girar, dar efecto a
Stick Stuck Stuck Pegar, clavar, poner
Sting Stung Stung Picar, escocer, incitar
Strike Struck Struck Golpear, pegar, herir
Group H (FIJAOS EN EL CAMBIO DE VOCALES, SE SUSTITUYE –I POR -O)
-I -O -O
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Shine Shone Shone Brillar
Win Won Won ganar
Group I (FIJAOS: SE QUITA UNA –E DEL INFINITIVE)
-EED -ED -ED
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Bleed Bled Bled Sangrar
Breed Bred Bred Criar
Feed Fed Fed Alimentar
Flee Fled Fled Escaparse, huir, evitar
Hold Held Held Sujetar, sostener
Lead Led Led Conducir, liderar, llevar
Mislead Misled Misled Despistar, engañar
Plead Pled (US) Pled (US) Defender en un juicio
Speed Sped Sped Darse prisa, apresurarse
Uphold Upheld Upheld Apoyar, defender
Withhold Withheld Withheld Retener, ocultar
Group J (FIJAOS: SE SUSTITUYE -I POR -OU)
-I -OU -OU
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Bind Bound Bound Atar, vendar, obligar
Find Found Found Encontrar
Rewind Rewound Rewound Dar cuerda a, rebobinar
Wind Wound Wound Enrollar, dar cuerda a
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4. Group K (FIJAOS: SE SUSTITUYE –ELL POR -OLD)
-ELL -OLD -OLD
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Foretell Foretold Foretold Predecir, pronosticar
Sell Sold Sold Vender
Tell Told Told Contar, decir, relatar
Group L (FIJAOS: SE SUSTITUYE –Y POR –I Y SE AÑADE –D)
-AY -AID -AID
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Lay Laid Laid Poner, colocar
Mislay Mislaid Mislaid Extraviar, perder
Pay Paid Paid Pagar
Say Said Said decir
Group M (FIJAOS: SE SUSTITUYE –AND POR -OOD)
-AND -OOD -OOD
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Misunderstand Misunderstood Misunderstood Malinterpretar
Stand Stood Stood Permanecer
Understand Understood Understood Entender
Group N (FIJAOS: O SE AÑADE -D O SUSTITUIMOS UNA CONSONATE POR -D) CUIDADO CON HAVE, MAKE O
SLIDE.
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Have Had Had Tener
Hear Heard Heard Oír
Make Made Made Hacer, fabricar
Mishear Misheard Misheard Oír mal
Overhear Overheard Overheard Oír por casualidad
Remake Remade Remade Rehacer
Slide Slid Slid Correr, pasar, deslizar
FIFTH GROUP (INFINITIVE, PAST SIMPLE Y PAST PARTICIPLE SON DIFERENTES) ESTE GRUPO, EXCEPTO
EN ALGUNOS SUBGRUPOS, SE CARACTERIZA POR AÑADIR –N O –EN AL INFINITIVE O PAST SIMPLE
PARA FORMAR EL PAST PARTICIPLE) LOS VERBOS EN NEGRITA PUEDEN SER TAMBIÉN REGULARES.
Group A
AKE OOK AKEN
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Forsake Forsook Forsaken Abandonar
Mistake Mistook Mistaken Confundir(se)
Overtake Overtook Overtaken Alcanzar, adelantar
Shake Shook Shaken Agitar, hacer temblar
Take Took Taken Coger, tomar, llevar
Undertake Undertook Undertaken Encargarse de, emprender
Group B (CUIDADO CON ALGUNOS PAST PARTICPLES, DUPLICAN SU ÚLTIMA CONSONANTE. CUIDADO CON BITE Y HIDE, A
SU PAST SIMPLE SE LE QUITA LA ÚLTIMA VOCAL)
I_E O_E / A_E I_EN
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Abide Abode abidden Residir, cumplir con
Arise Arose Arisen Surgir, presentarse
Bite Bit Bitten Morder
Drive Drove Driven Conducir
Forbid Forbade Forbidden Prohibir
Forgive Forgave Forgiven Olvidar
Give Gave Given Dar
Handwrite Handwrote Handwritten Escribir a mano
Hide Hid Hidden Esconder(se)
Rewrite Rewrote Rewritten Rehacer, volver a escribir
Ride Rode Ridden Montar
Rise Rose Risen Levantarse, salir (sol)
Stride Strode Stridden Caminar con segurridad
Strive Strove Striven Esforzarse, afanarse
Thrive Throve Thriven prosperar
Write Wrote Written escribir
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5. Group C (SE AÑADE –N / -EN AL INFINITIVE PARA FORMAR EL PAST PARTICIPLE. CUIDADO CON LOS PAST
SIMPLE, SON MUY IRREGULARES)
+N / EN
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Eat Ate Eaten Comer
Fall Fell Fallen Caer(se)
Foresee foresaw Foreseen Prever
Overeat Overate Overeaten Darse un atracón
Oversee Oversaw Overseen Vigilar
Prove Proved Proven Demostrar
See Saw Seen Ver
Shave Shaved Shaven Afeitar(se)
Group D (FIJAOS: SE AÑADE –N / -EN AL PAST SIMPLE PARA FORMAR EL PAST PARTICIPLE. CUIDADO CON
SWELL)
-A-E / -E-A -O-E +O-EN
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Awake Awoke Awoken Despertar(se)
Break Broke Broken Romperse
Choose Chose Chosen Elegir
Forget Forgot Forgotten Olvidar
Freeze Froze Frozen Congelar
Speak Spoke Spoken Hablar
Steal Stole Stolen Robar
Swell Swelled Swollen Inflamarse, hincharse
Tread Trod Trodden Pisar, caminar por
Wake Woke Woken Despertarse
Group E (FIJAOS: SE CAMBIAN LAS VOCALES)
-I -A -U
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Begin Began Begun Empezar
Drink Drank Drunk Beber
Ring Rang Rung Sonar (timbre)
Shrink Shrank Shrunk Encogerse
Sing Sang Sung Cantar
Sink Sank Sunk Hundirse
Spin Span Spun Girar, dar efecto a
Spring Sprang Sprung Saltar, nacer
Stink Stank Stunk Oler mal, apestar
Swim Swam Swum nadar
Group F (FIJAOS: SE AÑADE –N AL INFINITIVE PARA FORMAR EL PAST PARTICIPLE. CUIDADO CON FLY
Y SHOW)
-AW / -OW -EW -AWN /-OWN
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Blow Blew Blown Soplar
Draw Drew Drawn Dibujar, tirar, arrastrar
Fly Flew Flown Volar
Grow Grew Grown Cultivar, crecer
Know Knew Known Saber, conocer
Overthrow Overthrew Overthrown Derrocar
Show Showed Shown mostrar
Throw Threw Thrown Echar, tirar
Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn Retirar(se), replegarse
Group G
-EAR -ORE -ORN
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Bear Bore Borne/ Be born nacer
Shear Shore Shorn Cortar con tijeras, trasquilar
Swear Swore Sworn Jurar
Tear Tore Torn Rasgar
Wear Wore Worn Llevar puesto (ropa)
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6. Group H (VARIOS)
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Meaning
Be Was / were Been Ser, estar
Dive Dove Dived Zambullirse
Do Did Done Hacer
Forego Forewent Foregone Privarse de, renunciar a
Go Went Gone / Been Ir
Lie Lay Lain Echarse, tenderse
Melt Melted Molten fundirse
Outdo Outdid Outdone Exceder
Overdo Overdid Overdone Exagerar, irse de la mano
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