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Using Blockchain for evidence purpose
Author:
mgr inż. Rafael Thomas Prabucki
Centre for Legal Problems of Technical Issues and New Technologies
rprabucki@uni.opole.pl
Supervisor: 
dr hab. Dariusz Szostek, Prof. UO
Centre for Legal Problems of Technical Issues and New Technologies
 
12.03.2020 Edinburgh
in civil cases in Poland
rprabucki@uni.opole.pl
Legislation hype? 
rprabucki@uni.opole.pl
Evidence Act
Sigapore
While from a legal perspective, it is permissible to express contracts in
code, it is technically difficult to ensure a equivalence between legal prose
and code - if only due to the fact that lawyers and programmers use
different languages and have different goals when preparing their
documents or programmes.
Eliza Milk "Smart Contracts: A Requiem"
Programme as a contract?
As Chris Reed suggests with regard to the ‘law of unintended
consequences’ that shadow ICT legislation and regulation, the
‘tendency to concentrate on the intended consequences of regulation
often means that it potential to produce unintended consequences is
overlooked
Robert Herian "Legal Recognition of Blockchain Registries and Smart Contracts"
Smart Contracts
Oracles
Smart legal contracts, which are smart contracts on a blockchain that
represent - or that would like to represent - a legal contract, along witht the
issues that involves.
Smart contract
Smart contracts with legal implications, which are
artefacts/constructs based on smart technology that clearly have
legal implications.
Source: Legal and regulatory framework of blockchains and smart contracts a thematic report
prepared by THE EUROPEAN UNION BLOCKCHAIN OBSERVATORY & FORUM
rprabucki@uni.opole.pl
A new institution in Polish law, based on parol evidence law, was
established and  its can be presented in the following points:
·                It refers to the contractual relationship,
·                It is addressed to entrepreneurs,
·                It excludes certain means of proof.
In the context of the consideration of a smart contract, this
judicial institution does not permit any agreement that restricts
the Court's ability to admit evidence or any possibility that could
impose its assessment. As a result, it is neither possible to create
new, and especially unknown to the procedural law, means
(sources) and methods of evidence, nor can specific evidence be
given priority, special evidentiary power nor any other
extraordinary procedural significance.
Contract of Evidence
BitcoinBeginning
???
2020
1999 ???
Digital witness
2008
Smart contracst in Etehreum
2000
"Digital Cities"
2015
rprabucki@uni.opole.pl
From IoT to IoE
K. Ashton, That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing, RFiD Journal 2009, Nr 22, s. 97–114
Blockchain?
rprabucki@uni.opole.pl
References
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[16]M.  Solarte-Vasquez, N.  Järv and K.  Nyman-Metcalf, "Usability Factors in Transactional Design and Smart Contracting", in The Future of Law and eTechnologies, T.  Kerikmäe and A.  Rull, Ed. Cham: Springer International Publishing Switzerland,
2016, pp. 149-174.
[17]Закон o внесенииизмененийвчастипервую, вторуюистатью 1124 частитретьейГражданскогокодексаРоссийскойФедерации, no. 424632-7. Moscow: ГосударственнаяДумаФедеральногоСобранияРоссийскойФедерации, 2019.
[18]J.  Sklaroff, "Smart Contracts and the Cost of Inflexibility", University of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 166, 2017. Available: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3008899. [Accessed 13 January 2020].
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H.  Happio, Ed. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 2019, pp. 17-59.
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Using Blockchain for Evidence Purpose, Rafael Prabucki

  • 1. Using Blockchain for evidence purpose Author: mgr inż. Rafael Thomas Prabucki Centre for Legal Problems of Technical Issues and New Technologies rprabucki@uni.opole.pl Supervisor:  dr hab. Dariusz Szostek, Prof. UO Centre for Legal Problems of Technical Issues and New Technologies   12.03.2020 Edinburgh in civil cases in Poland
  • 5. While from a legal perspective, it is permissible to express contracts in code, it is technically difficult to ensure a equivalence between legal prose and code - if only due to the fact that lawyers and programmers use different languages and have different goals when preparing their documents or programmes. Eliza Milk "Smart Contracts: A Requiem" Programme as a contract? As Chris Reed suggests with regard to the ‘law of unintended consequences’ that shadow ICT legislation and regulation, the ‘tendency to concentrate on the intended consequences of regulation often means that it potential to produce unintended consequences is overlooked Robert Herian "Legal Recognition of Blockchain Registries and Smart Contracts" Smart Contracts Oracles
  • 6. Smart legal contracts, which are smart contracts on a blockchain that represent - or that would like to represent - a legal contract, along witht the issues that involves. Smart contract Smart contracts with legal implications, which are artefacts/constructs based on smart technology that clearly have legal implications. Source: Legal and regulatory framework of blockchains and smart contracts a thematic report prepared by THE EUROPEAN UNION BLOCKCHAIN OBSERVATORY & FORUM
  • 7. rprabucki@uni.opole.pl A new institution in Polish law, based on parol evidence law, was established and  its can be presented in the following points: ·                It refers to the contractual relationship, ·                It is addressed to entrepreneurs, ·                It excludes certain means of proof. In the context of the consideration of a smart contract, this judicial institution does not permit any agreement that restricts the Court's ability to admit evidence or any possibility that could impose its assessment. As a result, it is neither possible to create new, and especially unknown to the procedural law, means (sources) and methods of evidence, nor can specific evidence be given priority, special evidentiary power nor any other extraordinary procedural significance. Contract of Evidence
  • 8. BitcoinBeginning ??? 2020 1999 ??? Digital witness 2008 Smart contracst in Etehreum 2000 "Digital Cities" 2015 rprabucki@uni.opole.pl From IoT to IoE K. Ashton, That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing, RFiD Journal 2009, Nr 22, s. 97–114 Blockchain?
  • 10. References [1]E.  Salmerón-Manzano and F.  Manzano-Agugliaro, "The Role of Smart Contracts in Sustainability: Worldwide Research Trends", Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 3049, 2019. Available: 10.3390/su11113049 [Accessed 13 January 2020]. [2]E.  Mik, "Smart contracts: terminology, technical limitations and real world complexity", Law, Innovation and Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 269-300, 2017. Available: 10.1080/17579961.2017.1378468 [Accessed 13 January 2020]. [3]P.  Cuccuru, "Beyond bitcoin: an early overview on smart contracts", International Journal of Law and Information Technology, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 179-195, 2017. Available: 10.1093/ijlit/eax003 [Accessed 13 January 2020]. [4]E.  Mik, "Smart Contracts: A Requiem", SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019. Available: 10.2139/ssrn.3499998 [Accessed 13 January 2020]. [5]K.  Werbach and N.  Cornell, "Contracts Ex Machina", Duke Law Journal, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 313-381, 2017. Available: https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3913&context=dlj. [Accessed 13 January 2020]. [6]D.  Szostek, Blockchain and the Law, 1st ed. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. [7]V.  Morabito, Business innovation through blockchain - the b(3) perspective. . [8]A.  Savelyev, "Contract law 2.0: ‘Smart’ contracts as the beginning of the end of classic contract law", Information & Communications Technology Law, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 116-134, 2017. Available: 10.1080/13600834.2017.1301036 [Accessed 13 January 2020]. [9]N.  Szabo, "Formalizing and Securing Relationships on Public Networks", First Monday, vol. 2, no. 9, 1997. Available: 10.5210/fm.v2i9.548. [10]G.  Governatori, F.  Idelberger, Z.  Milosevic, R.  Riveret, G.  Sartor and X.  Xu, "On legal contracts, imperative and declarative smart contracts, and blockchain systems", Artificial Intelligence and Law, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 377-409, 2018. 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Cham: Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2016, pp. 133-145. [16]M.  Solarte-Vasquez, N.  Järv and K.  Nyman-Metcalf, "Usability Factors in Transactional Design and Smart Contracting", in The Future of Law and eTechnologies, T.  Kerikmäe and A.  Rull, Ed. Cham: Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2016, pp. 149-174. [17]Закон o внесенииизмененийвчастипервую, вторуюистатью 1124 частитретьейГражданскогокодексаРоссийскойФедерации, no. 424632-7. Moscow: ГосударственнаяДумаФедеральногоСобранияРоссийскойФедерации, 2019. [18]J.  Sklaroff, "Smart Contracts and the Cost of Inflexibility", University of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 166, 2017. Available: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3008899. [Accessed 13 January 2020]. [19]The European Union Blockchain Observatory and Forum, "Legal and Regulatory Framework of Blockchains and Smart Contracts", The European Union Blockchain Observatory and Forum, 2019. [20]E.  Till, O znaczeniu prawnem automatu. Lviv: E. Winiarz, 1900. [21]T.  Schrepel, "Collusion By Blockchain And Smart Contracts", Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 118-166, 2019. Available: 10.2139/ssrn.3315182. [22]K.  Low and E.  Mik, "Pause The Blockchain Legal Revolution", International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 135-175, 2019. Available: 10.1017/s0020589319000502. [23]R.  Unsworth, "Smart Contract This! An Assessment of the Contractual Landscape and the Herculean Challenges it Currently Presents for “Self-executing” Contracts", in Legal Tech, Smart Contracts and Blockchain, M.  Corrales, M.  Fenwick and H.  Happio, Ed. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 2019, pp. 17-59. [24]T.  Barton, H.  Haapio, S.  Passera and J.  Hazard, "Successful Contracts: Integrating Design and Technology", in Legal Tech, Smart Contracts and Blockchain, M.  Corrales, M.  Fenwick and H.  Haapio, Ed. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., 2019. 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