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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],by Marcel Silvius & Alex Kaat
Content of this presentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
About Wetlands International ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are peatlands? Peatlands are wetlands where waterlogging delays  decay,  and dead plant materials form an organic soil: peat soil
Peatlands As a result of different climatic and biogeographic conditions, a large diversity of peatland types exists
Mineral Soil River  River   < 1m > 3 - 25m Peat swamp forest Organic matter Most of the tropical peatlands are located in the extensive lowland floodplains of South-east Asia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What is a peat swamp forest? The peat bog is rain water fed
Tropical peat swamp forest in South-east Asia
[object Object]
Place in the water cycle ,[object Object],[object Object]
Peatlands and carbon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Peatlands store large amounts of carbon Peatland degradation leads to CO 2  emissions which contribute to  global warming
Threatened carbon stores Peatlands store large amounts of carbon Peatland degradation leads to CO 2  emissions which contribute to  global warming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
December 2009, first global picture
Peat emissions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Peat swamp forest deforestation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CO 2  emissions as a result of drainage ,[object Object],[object Object]
CO 2  emissions from SE Asian peat fires ,[object Object],[object Object],Adapted from data provided by Siegert and Page
CO 2  emissions from SE Asian peat fires ,[object Object],[object Object]
Background: why peatland drainage leads to CO2 emissions? ,[object Object],[object Object],Δ L Clay / sand Peat dome Stream  channel Stream  channel
Background: why does peatland drainage lead to CO2 emissions? ,[object Object]
Background: why does peatland drainage lead to CO2 emissions? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CO 2 CO 2
Background: why does peatland drainage lead to CO2 emissions? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some facts and figures Peatlands in SE Asia: < 0,1 % of global land area 1000  million tonnes emitted annually Equivalent to  3 %  of total  global emissions A concentrated problem…
[object Object]
Palm oil prospects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Palm oil, a very attractive crop
Biofuel targets: millions of ha oil palms
Palm oil: rapid growth; mainly SE Asia
Palm oil: rapid growth; mainly SE Asia
CIFOR: Palm oil is a driver of deforestation
Peatlands are attractive for palm oil
Where peat is…   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Is palm oil
Why peatlands are so attractive
Emissions especially peatswamp forest
Peat makes the difference
Controversy about  the emissions from peat?
Indonesia: Little dispute about the drainage & emissions figures
Malaysia: Campaigning for palm on peat ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Global Oils & Fats Business Magazine, Vol 4. Issue 2. 2007
[object Object],[object Object]
Are global policies reducing peatland loss? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Are national policies reducing peatland loss? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What needs to be done for biofuels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
‘Continuously forested areas’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
‘Wetlands’ and the Directive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Palm Oil Presentation for the EU

Notas do Editor

  1. This picture shows the location of a peat dome in the flood plain in between two lowland rivers. A substantial part of the peat dome is located above river water surface. These forms of peatlands are called bogs, they are oligotrophic (poor in nutrients) and rain water fed. The peat lies like a gigantic drop a water on the lowland plain, held together by the dead organic material and protected by a blanket of living forest that maintains a humid micro-climate and prevents direct solar impact.
  2. Nepenthes grows in soils with N deficiencies. It compensates this by capturing insects in its cup-shaped leaves. Many indigenous peat swamp forest plants and trees can survive long-inundation. They can form floating islands, such as the Pandanus, or have aerial roots or pneumatophores, that help them to breath.
  3. Drainage - aeration of the peat soil – aerobic decomposition of peat (carbon content of 60kg/m3) – sustained release of CO2 and subsidence of peat dome – flooding downstream Loss of carbon sink capacity, at least 40Mt/yr due to present loss of peatswamp forests
  4. Melling’s study is often used to claim that peat swamp forests would emit more CO2 than palm oil plantations. The study did, however, not measure the ecosystem carbon balance but only the soil emissions without distinguishing between CO2 emissions from peat oxidation and CO2 emissions from root respiration. It is logical that the latter will significantly impact on results. If peat swamp forest would indeed lead to a net higher CO2 emission, peat could never have been formed. The proof is in the peat.