3. Mark 12:1-12
• Introduction
• The vineyard, v. 1
“Then he began to speak to them in parables:
“A man planted a vineyard.
He put a fence around it, dug a pit for its
winepress, and built a watchtower.
Then he leased it to tenant farmers and
went on a journey.”
6. Isaiah 5
My love had a vineyard
on a fertile hill.
2 He built a hedge around it, removed its stones,
and planted a vine.
He built a tower in the middle of it,
and constructed a winepress.
He waited for it to produce edible grapes,
but it produced sour ones instead.
3 So now, residents of Jerusalem,
people of Judah,
you decide between me and my vineyard!
4 What more can I do for my vineyard
beyond what I have already done?
When I waited for it to produce edible grapes,
why did it produce sour ones instead?
7. Mark 12:1-12
• Introduction
• The vineyard, v. 1
– What’s happening?
– The Vineyard …
– What he provided for
“He put a fence around it,
dug a pit for its winepress,
and built a watchtower.”
8. Mark 12:1-12
• Introduction
• The vineyard, v. 1
– What’s happening?
– The Vineyard …
– What he provided for
• The return, v. 2
“At harvest time he sent a slave to the tenants
to collect from them his portion of the crop.”
9. Mark 12:1-12
• Introduction
• The vineyard, v. 1
– What’s happening?
– The Vineyard …
– What he provided for
• The return, v. 2
• The response, vv. 3-8
10. Mark 12:3-8
But those tenants seized his slave, beat him, and sent
him away empty-handed.
4 So he sent another slave to them again. This one they
struck on the head and treated outrageously.
5 He sent another, and that one they killed. This
happened to many others, some of whom were beaten,
others killed.
6 He had one left, his one dear son. Finally he sent him
to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’
7 But those tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir.
Come, let’s kill him and the inheritance will be ours!’
8 So they seized him, killed him, and threw his body out
of the vineyard.
11. Mark 12:1-12
• Introduction
• The vineyard, v. 1
– What’s happening?
– The Vineyard …
– What he provided for
• The return, v. 2
• The response, vv. 3-8
• The repossession and re-assignment, v. 9
“What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come
and destroy those tenants and give the vineyard to others.”
12. Mark 12:1-12
• Introduction
• The vineyard, v. 1
– What’s happening?
– The Vineyard …
– What he provided for
• The return, v. 2
• The response, vv. 3-8
• The repossession and re-assignment, v. 9
• The rejecters’ response, vv. 10-12
13. Mark 12:10-12
Have you not read this scripture:
‘The stone the builders rejected has become the
cornerstone.
11 This is from the Lord, and it is marvellous in
our eyes’?”
12 Now they wanted to arrest him (but they
feared the crowd), because they realized that he
told this parable against them.
So they left him and went away.
14. Mark 12:1-12
• Introduction
• The vineyard, v. 1
– What’s happening?
– The Vineyard …
– What he provided for
• The return, v. 2
• The response, vv. 3-8
• The repossession and re-assignment, v. 9
• The rejecters’ response, vv. 10-12
• Conclusion
Notas do Editor
Fed up with religious leaders?If you read your Bible with your eyes open – and far from everyone seems to – you’ll see Jesus wasn’t too keen on them either.
Act 1 of Mark sees Jesus teaching the crowds in Galilee – lots of big rallies and stuff like that happen.
Acts 2 sees Jesus teaching the disciples about the nature of the incoming Kingdom of God – He teaches and preaches a lot more in homes and on the road … in informal settings but concentrating much more on those who are committed already
This section of Mark’s Gospel sees Jesus teaching the Gospel of the Kingdom of God by means of controversy, contrasting it with the error of the prevailing religious ideas of His time and culture.
Today is the day that Jesus rose from the dead, vindicating His message, His life and His life-giving death … and also His attitude to religion.
Now we’ve seen political leaders recently trying to chummy u to and gain ‘the religious vote’ – laughably because they are representing who-knows-what as being the Christian faith.
The lesson of today seems to be that the crucified, risen Lord, by the things that He did at Easter, dealt a terrible blow to religion and religiosity, and initiated a different sort of life after death that barely fits within the word ‘religion’ at all!
But there’s more!
Today is a GREAT example of the positive impact of controversy in promoting and explaining the Christian faith … though our modern, liberal, so-called multi-cultural society calls doing this all sorts of ugly words!(Hey - remember, the Christian’s experience of HEAVEN is going to be an experience of multi-cultural society – but the differences there will not be handled on the basis of ethical and cultural relativism!)
So Jesus in this phase of His ministry is teaching truth over against error by way of controversy – of which He is NOT shy!
The resurrection faith, the life out of death faith, of Jesus the Messiah, God the Son, is a controversial faith – it deals with the proponents of error by teaching the truth over against them … and Jesus does that over what we call Easter, in the passage that’s before us today.
What is the impact of Easter on religion?
Fasten your seatbelts, here it comes.
The religious types Jesus tackles are like God’s dodgy tenants … and they’re not paying their rent on His vineyard
‘Then’ presupposes an answer to the question ‘when?’
(I now that the word used is ‘kai’ meaning ‘and’ but that is a word that has to be translated variously according to its context and it is used in this context to link what Jesus does here to what went immediately before – so the question for us is ‘what has gone immediately before?’)
The acclamation of the pilgrim crowds at the procession outside Jerusalem
The cursing of the fig tree
The clearing of the Temple
The withering of the fig tree from the roots
The authorities question Jesus’s AUTHORITY … which is really what Mark’s Gospel has been dealing with right the way from 1:1 onwards …
So having directly attacked a withered religious system and been questioned as to His authority to do that, Jesus teaches this parable about that question.
THEN He … the One Mark proclaims and demonstrates to us as the King over the incoming Kingdom of God … HE began to address THEM in parables.
Figures of speech that you have to slow down and think about … Jesus explicitly does NOT take all the thinking and working out of stuff away from people.
He is concerned with the internal apprehension of truth for life – it’s inside out grasping of truth that changes life from the inside outwards.So when He wants to change the hearts and minds of people He doesn’t serve up ‘the answers’ straight from the crib sheet – not even with these theologically complex individuals before Him that day in Jerusalem …
HE began – Jesus took the initiative in challenging these religious leaders because they were way out of line.
HE – knowing where these guys were on the page with God and knowing full well what was coming – HE initiated the controversy.
He began to speak to ‘them’ … the group that challenged Jesus’s authority in 11:28-29.
As members of the three constituent parts of the Sanhedrin (the chief priests, the teachers of the Law and the lay elders of the people) these represented the whole gamut of religious leadership in Israel at the time.
He began to speak to THEM in parables … no messing He did!
Whoa!The stakes are high with the very opening line of His parable.
Like the fig tree in the last chapter, the Vineyard is a famous OT picture of Israel.
In fact, the details of v. 1 deliberately evoke Isaiah 5:2 …
Now there are lots of other examples of Israel being described in the OT as being like a vineyard in its relationship to the God of the Covenant (Ps. 80:8-18, Isa. 27:2-6; Jer. 2:21, 12:10, Ezekiel 19:10-14, Hosea 10:1) but the wording of these verses echo explicitly the song of the vineyard from Isaiah which is explicitly drawn out of God’s disappointment with His people.
Jesus begins His parable with a description of the process of creating a vineyard and looking for a harvest that is identical in so many aspects with the parable in Isaiah … but Isaiah’s vineyard parable ends with the devastation of Jerusalem.
Jesus’s parable ends with a new people of God … the creation of which His death and resurrection are about to ensure.
So here is the sort of provision this vineyard builder makes both in Isaiah and here in Mark …
Fences keep four legged predators out.
A winepress ensures that the fruit can be processed into product.
The watchtower?
The Targum interpreted the Tower in Isa. 5:2 as the Temple, which given the events and the teaching of the previous chapter might be very telling!
Now, the relationship of tenant farmer to absentee landowner would be familiar in first century Palestine, as the wealthy absentee landlord (which Jesus’s hearers may well have been themselves) had taken over from the small owner occupier of previous times.
This was, of course, a feature of Roman occupation rather than God’s original distribution of the Land of Promise by tribe and family … so the Lord’s choice of subject matter for His parable may well have been controversial from the start!
But here the landowner – and now we know the social stresses and the politics tied up in this illustration, especially as the rich Sanhedrin types being addressed here were part of this social stress – puts in the capital investment and sticks some of the newly landless Palestinian peasantry in there in order to get an income from them.
He then goes away and waits.
The tenancy envisaged is a share cropping scheme where a portion of the yield from the agricultural process will be handed over to the landowner
So it will be at least four years before there are ANY grapes to share in.
Long enough for the tenants to view their tenancy in quite thoroughly proprietorial ways … they’ve got their feet under the table and THEN – after all their hard work – they see it as THEIRS.
It is EXTREMELY easy and equally disastrous to see anything we have on trust from God as being anything other than simply on trust.
The hearers must recognise the reference to Isaiah and realise that the farmer-tenants are the spiritual leaders of Israel who have rejected God’s prophets across the centuries – coming to God’s tenants (Israel) looking for fruitful return for God from His vineyard.
And the leaders of the people – the tenants in the vineyard – have just rejected God’s prophets across the centuries and failed to give God the fruit they owe Him.
In due time the servant of the powerful man – which makes the servant a powerful man by proxy – calls for the ‘rent’!
So there’s the response …
The severity of the treatment of the servants coming along gets incrementally worse … each successive messenger seems to get treated worse!
Prophet after prophet came from God to Israel, urging that they yield fruitfulness to God from their lives.
Some were beaten, some were outrageously treated … some, they killed.
By v. 6 the owner was devoid of servants but had a son.
An ONLY Son.
A DEAR Son.
You just KNOW that the parable’s coming to its climax!
This recalls the language of the Voice from Heaven in 1:11 & 9:7 … the reader is in no doubt about Who it is that the Son here represents!
YES this is a parable, but Jesus is 100% casting Himself as the Son in the parable.
Interestingly His body is thrown out … no decent burial which was a shameful death to their way of thinking.
But, actually, it is the tenants that are going to be thrown out …
As in Isa. 5, a question invites the hearers to judge the case.
The unreasonableness of this hostility to Jesus needs to be entrenched in these people’s minds so they are almost invited to judge the case in the story …
But then (again as in Isa. 5) the narrator answers his own question …
The tenants will be destroyed ( as in Isaiah 5’s arable) but more than that … the tenancy of the vineyard will pass to ‘others’.
This is where the whole thing starts to glow red hot!The Messiah was supposed (in the religious leaders’ thinking) to bring the Gentiles to submit to them and worship at Jerusalem etc., but Jesus is saying something here that really sounds very different indeed!
And Mark’s readers would have no difficulty identifying these ‘others’ who are re-allocated the tenancy as the church.For those readers of Mark suffering for their faith at the heart of Rome’s evil empire, this holds clear potential for encouragement!
It’s the idea spelled out in Romans 11 of an unproductive vine being pruned OFF the rootstock with a new wild shoot being grafted in to replace it – one tat will be fruitful.
The rhetorical question – was it intended as such? I’m not sure … but when asked ‘what will the landowner do?’ these religious leaders certainly seem to have kept silence so that question has effectively gone unanswered!
They know the answer, but they HAVE no answer.
So Jesus presses on with them by sharing a Scripture …
Psalm 118:22-23 … and Mark cites it from the Greek translation of the OT Scriptures
The religious leader are the builders.
The Saviour is the most important stone in the complete, entire edifice.
But the builders have gone and rejected Him, and will crucify Him for claiming to be Who He actually IS!
What a mess!
(And the persecuted Roman Christians no doubt had many situations they could consider around them where their sufferings could be interpreted as making their Christianity out as a mess).
Not so!
God is about to turn their rejection around as He raises the Lord from the dead.
He is the bringing of eternal life out of sin-caused death the architect of life out of death.
Twitter feed this morning: Il est sorti de tombeau – Jesus a vaincu la mort
They were about to throw at Him all they could throw.
God overturned it.
Jesus paid sin’s price in full, defeated it’s wage which was death, and rose the victor over triumphing over the grave.
They have no answer to faith founded on the death and resurrection of Christ.
So they left Him and went away.
What is their greatest mistake, their biggest sin of all?
They left Christ and went away.
In fact, in their religiosity, in their coup d’etat in His vineyard, they’d actually left Him and gone away long before.
You see, it is the BUILDERS who rejected God’s cornerstone.
This whole section of Mark up to the crucifixion and resurrection is about the conflict the truth enters with error, or more accurately the people walking in truth must expect and not shrink back from with religious people walking in darkness.
What happens at Easter is that the BUILDERS reject the cornerstone of God’s eternal plan and purpose … the One Mark has been introducing us to since 1:15 as the King over the incoming Kingdom of God, Jesus Christ, Son of Man, Messiah.
v. 12 says “Now they wanted to arrest him (but they feared the crowd), because they realized that he told this parable against them. So they left him and went away.”
They want Him DEAD.
What sort of fruit for God is it to kill His appointed anointed – the King over the incoming Kingdom?
Now, we know it was a puny and futile gesture of human defiance because in the hand of the Almighty their actions served to secure the future of the Kingdom of God by bringing about the Cross and resurrection which are what create one new humanity out of two – and secure these fruitless religious leaders desolation and destruction.Where are we in fact in relation to this?