Didier bousmar rebuilding the fish pass of rivière experimental and numerical studies

Belgian Hydraulic Days - Borgerhout - 5 Oct. 20151
Rebuilding the fish pass
of Rivière: experimental and
numerical studies
Didier BOUSMAR, Gil ZORZAN,
Direction des Recherches Hydrauliques, SPW, Belgium
Alain GILLET, Xavier ROLLIN, Benjamin NOEL,
SPW, Belgium
A. BAUGNEE, J.-C. DE GREEF, J.-C. PYPE
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium

River Meuse
950 km, 36000 km²
1865-1910
24 needle dams
in Belgium
1925-2000
Modernization,
gated dams

Salmon in River Meuse
• Atlantic Salmon (salmo salar L.)
• Large population till begin XXth c.
• New dams downstream, increased fishing
• Totaly disapperead in 1935

Salmon in River Meuse
• Reintroduction efforts starting in ’80
• The Netherlands:
 Efficient semi-natural fish passes
• Belgium: “Meuse Saumon 2000” program
 New/improved fish passes (in progress)
 Biotope restoration
(spawning and juvenile habitat areas)
 Reintroduction of eggs and juvenile fishes
(up to 1 000 000 since started)

Content
• Introduction
• Rivière Dam fishpass
– Design criteria
– General layout
• Physical modelling
• Numerical modelling
• Tests with living fishes
• Conclusions

Rivière Dam
• 2.05 m drop
• Built in 1982-1988
• Existing fishpass
• Hydropower project

Existing fishpass efficiency
• Too small pools
Difficult passage for
large fishes
• Too low discharge
Poor attraction
• Location of entrance
In future hydropower
plant turbulence zone
 Need for a new pass
!!! Limited space !!!

Design criteria
• Target species
– Large migratory fishes: salmon, sea trout, ...
– Smaller local/indigene species: roach, eel, ...

Design criteria
• Vertical slot fishpass
– Compact
– Efficient for
large varieties
of fish
– Previous
experience

Design criteria
• Power dissipation p in the pools ≤ 150 W/m3
• Drop height H between pools = 0.30 m
• Maximum local velocity U ≤ 2.00 m/s
• Maximum mean velocity Um ≤ 0.30 m/s
• Minimum slot width = 0.30 m
• Fish pass discharge Qp (in pools) = 0.50 m3/s
• Attraction discharge Qt (total) > 2.50 m3/s

General layout
Existing
Future

Modelling approach
• To be investigated:
– Non-standard pool geometry
– Final pool (mixing discharges)
– Attraction discharge channel and culvert
– Upstream part (sill level)
 Composite modelling
– Physical model (singularities)
– Numerical model (flow pattern in pools)

Content
• Introduction
• Conclusions

Physical model
• Whole fish pass
• Scale 1:5
• Fixed discharge 
observed level
• Measurements:
– Q, Z
– Visual observations
– Local U values

Upstream section
Challenge:
• Limited
deepening
• Fixed width
(wall stability)
• Enough additionnal attraction discharge
• Limited velocity in pools channel
83.00
83.20
83.40
83.60
83.80
84.00
84.20
84.40
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Bottom
Wat. surf.
Crit. depth
Head

Culvert
Challenge:
• Limited
headloss
• Pressurized
flow (avoid air
pocket)

Culvert
Add local contraction downstream
 Pressurized flow + Reduced total loss
81
82
83
84
85
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Pools
Challenge:
• Equilibrated
drops
• Velocity field

Pools
• Adapt sill level in non-standard pools
81
82
83
84
85
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Pools
• P2: standard layout, flow pattern ok
• P4: non-standard, adapt S5 (S-shaped wall)

Final pool
Challenge:
• Mix pool and
add. discharge
• Fish passage
• Outlet design
for attractivity

Final pool: initial layout
• Mixing makes passage difficult (low volume)

Final pool: final layout
• Separated outlets

Content
• Introduction
• Conclusions

Numerical modelling
• Telemac 2D
• Unstructured mesh:
22000 cells, 1/10 slot width
• Turbulence:
k-espilon (Rastogi & Rodi 1988)
+ some attempts with Telemac 3D
problem: initial/boundary conditions for k
to be continued…

Numerical modelling
• Results agree with experimental observations

Numerical modelling
• Dissipation rate distribution

Content
• Introduction
• Conclusions

Scale effects ???
• Fish length vs geometrical scale: ok...
• Fish velocity (cruise and burst) ?
• Fish behaviour (juvenile vs adult) ?
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
Longueur du poisson
Vitessedecroisièrecritique Evolution de la vitesse de croisière d'un poisson dans une eau à 15
°C en fonction de sa taille
Vitesse critique de
croisière
Froude
[m]

Experimental setup
• Exploratory campaign...
• Tests on the whole fish pass
• Observations:
– Pit-tags & RFID antennas
– Video
N° du
lot
Espèces Date Nombre
Tailles
[mm]
Observations
1
Saumons
atlantiques
04.05.2015
08.05.2015
63 80 – 100
RFID
27 130 – 150
2
Saumons
atlantiques
27.05.2015
31.05.2015
90 80 – 100 RFID
3 Truites fario
03.06.2015
11.06.2015
75 100 – 170 RFID + video
4
Truites arc-
en-ciel
18.06.2015
03.07.2015
65 80 – 100 Video

Results: success rates
• Global: 17 to 66 %
• Effective attempts: 33 to 80 %
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
80 - 120 mm 121-160 mm 161-200 mm
Détections des poissons par les antennes
Seulement détectés à l'entrée
Détectés à l'amont

Results: trajectories
• Various patterns (no enough data for stat. analysis)

Conclusions & perspectives
• Physical modelling:
Use of living species… Added value?
• Numerical modelling:
Use of 3D vs 2D models…
Added value? Validity?
• Eco-hydraulics:
Relate fish behaviour/flow patterns?

Thanks for your attention

Didier bousmar rebuilding the fish pass of rivière experimental and numerical studies

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Didier bousmar rebuilding the fish pass of rivière experimental and numerical studies