This ppt was made on Viral diseases of wild ruminants

1. Zoo & Wild life Medicine
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2. Viral Diseases of Wild Ruminants
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University Of Agriculture Faisalabad,
Pakistan

3. Wild Ruminants
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Elk (male) White tailed deer Caribou

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black-tailed deer Wildebeest antelopes

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oryxmoose gazelles

6. Conti…
• red deer
• mountain sheep
• mountain goats
• caribou
• reindeer
• and buffalo
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7. VIRAL DISEASES :
Foot - and - Mouth Disease (FMD)
PPR
Rinderpest (RP)
 Bluetongue
 Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) / Mucosal Disease (MD)
 Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)
 Akabane Disease
 Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease of Deer
 Wesselbron Disease
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8. Conti..
Contagious Ecthyma
Ulcerative dermatosis
Scrapie
Vesicular Stomatitis
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9.  FMD
A Picornavirus –
highly resistant in the
environment – lasts
months
7 serotypes AOC,
SAT1-3, Asia1
60+ subtypes
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10. Transmission:
• Direct contact
• Infective (food stuff , utensils,
• Aerosol
• Fomites
• Secretion & Excretion( urine ,milk, feaces, saliva)
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11. What are the Clinical Findings?
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14. Lesions:
Vesicles and ulceration
Tiger heart (grey or yellow foci)
Treatment:
No specific , symptomatic treatment may be done.
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15.  Rinderpest (RP)
Most cloven-footed wild animals such as bison and deer
Antelope
Wildebeest
Kudu
Eland
Giraffe
Hippopotamus
Gazelle
Warthog
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16. Etiology:
• Cause by RNA virus of pararmyxo group.
Transmission:
Direct contact ,
Inhalation,
Infected food & water
Discharges( blood ,urine ,feaces, eye, oral and vaginal discharges)
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17. Clinical findings:
• The “four D’s” of Rinderpest:
Depression
Diarrhea
Dehydration
Death
• Restlessness, Dried up muzzle
• Serous lacrimation
• Nasal Lacrimation
• Salivation, Oral lesion
• Cough
• Skin lesion (pustules)
• Pregnant animal may abort 17

18. Differential Diagnosis:
• FMD
• Malignant Catarrhal fever
• Haemorreghic septicemia
Treatment
No specific treatment
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19.  Contagious ecthyma
Synonyms:
Scabby mouth or Sour mouth
Orf
Etiology:
Virus belong to the family poxviridae
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20. Transmission:
• Through abrasion on skin (produce by thistles,
prickles)
• Kids and lambs affected through suckling milk
• Scab form on the body fall off and the virus remain in
the environment thus the source for others.
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21. • Clinical findings:
Dullness
Depression
Anorexia
High temp.
Salivation
Mucopurulant nasal discharge
Nodular eruptions on Oral commissure, lips ,mouth and nostrils
Lesions also on tongue and gum
Lesions followed by papules, vesicles, pustules and ulcers in 3-4 days
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22. Scab is formed within 1 wk and peel off the skin within 4 weeks
Self limiting
Diagnosis:
Characteristic clinical findings
Fluorescent antibody test
CFT
AGPT
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23. Differential diagnosis:
It must be differentiated from sheep pox & FMD
sheep pox
1. Crust are soft
2. Absence of generalized pox lesions in skin & viscera
3. Comparatively low mortality
FMD
1. Absence of foot and tongue lesions
2. Etiology is also different
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24. Treatment:
Symptomatic Rx may be used to avoid secondary bacterial infection
Copper Sulfate 5% sol.
Systemic antibiotic are use
Fly repellents
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25.  Blue Tongue
Name origin from the Dutch word “blaau tong” means mouth sickness.
Consider as Pseudo FMD
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26. Etiology
RNA virus
Orbivirus of Reoviridae
Virus resistant to decomposition, antiseptic agents
Persist for long time in meat and blood
Upto 7 years
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27. Transmission:
Disease is non contagious but spread through blood sucking midges of
the Culicoides.
Melophagus ovinus may transmit the disease mechanically.
White tail deer and antelope are considered to be reservoir of infection
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Melophagus ovinus

29. Clinical findings:
1. Acute Form
Characterized by high rise of temp
Nasal discharge, salivation
Lacrymation
Swelling of gum, tongue and lips
Necrosis of dental pad
Muzzle turns dry and show burnt appearance
Cyanotic and bluish appearance of tongue
Diarrhoae & Pneumonia
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30. 2. Abortive form
Characterized by abortion and deformaties
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Arthrogryosis Prognathia

31. 3. Sub acute or sub clinical Form
Generally unnoticed
Lower plan of nutrition
Worm burden
Incliment weather
Fatigue
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32. Lesions:
Characteristic lesion are
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Organs Changes
Mouth Hyperaemia
Tongue It becomes blue and gangrenous
Leg Coronary band show congestion & hemorrhage
Skeletal and Cardiac muscle Signs of hyperemia and necrosis
Lungs Pneumonic changes
Placenta Hemorrhagic

33. • Differential Diagnosis
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FMD Blue tongue
Spread Through direct contact Require a insect vector
Vesicles on tongue & feet Cyanotic changes on tongue
Absent Pneumonia present

34. Treatment:
No specific lesion
Antibiotics for secondary infection
Local antiseptics may be use
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35. precautions
Fly
Repellent
Disease
Awareness
Emergency
Medicines
Bathing
Clothing
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